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【美国】
Chapter 2 The Realistic
Period
现实主义时期
1. This
new
attitude
was
characterized
by
a
great
interest
in
the
realities
of
life.
由于对现实生活产生
了浓厚的兴趣，产生了新的创作灵感。
2. The
three
dominant figures of the
period are
William Dean
Howells,
Mark Twain,
and
Henry James.
这一时期的三个代表作家是豪威尔斯，亨利
< br>.
詹姆斯和马克
.
吐温。
3. In short,
they set the example and charted the future course
for the subjects,
themes, techniques
and styles of fiction we still call modern.
总之，他们为后来的现实
文学在题材，技巧和风格上都树立了典范。
4. Howells
focused
his
discussion
on
the
rising
middle
class
and
the
way
they
lived,
while
Twain
preferred
to
have
his
own
region
and
people
at
the
forefront
of
his
stories.
豪威尔斯讨
论上升的中产阶级及其生活方式，而马克
.
吐温则喜欢把他自己
家乡的人放在故事的
最前沿。
5. In
a
word,
naturalism
is
evolved
from
realism
when
the
author
’
s
tone
in
writing
becomes less serious and less
sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.<
/p>
总之，
自然主义产生现实主义，
只是在创
作上更富讽刺，
更加悲观。
自然主义只有另一种哲学途径的现<
/p>
实主义。
(I) Mark Twain
马克
.
吐温
6. Mark
Twain
is
considered
as
“
the
true
father
of
American
national
literature.
”
马克
.<
/p>
吐温被认为是“我们真正的民族文学之父”。
7. Two of the best
books during this period are The adventures of Tom
Sawyer and
Adventures
of
Huckleberry
Finn.
The
former
is
usually
regarded
as
a
classic
book
written
for
boys
about
their
particular
horrors
and
joys, while
the
latter,
being
a
boy
’
s
book
specially written for
the adults, is Twain
’
s most
representative work, describing a
journey down the Mississippi undertaken
by two fugitives, Huck and Jim.
这一期间他最
伟大的作品是《汤姆
.
索亚历险记》和《哈
克贝里
.
芬历险记》。前者是就儿童的恐惧和高兴的事
儿写的一部儿童经典。而后者虽然是儿童故事，却为大人而写。这是马克
.
吐温最有代表性的小
说，描写两个流浪儿童哈克和吉姆沿密西
西比河而下历险的旅程。
8.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and, especially, its
sequence Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn
proved themselves to be the mile stone in American
literature.
《汤
姆
.<
/p>
索亚历险记》，尤其是《哈克贝里
.
芬历
险记》是美国文学的里程碑。
9.
The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the
Mississippi is a record of a
vanished
way of life in the pre-Civil War Mississippi
valley and it has moved millions
of
people of different ages and conditions all over
the world; and the books are noted
for
their unpretentious, colloquial yet poetic style,
their wide-ranging humor, and
their
universally shared dream of perfect innocence and
freedom.
汤姆
.
索亚和哈克
.
芬
在密西西比河上度过的童年是内战
前该条河谷生活方式的实录，感动了数以万计的各种年龄的
人。书中的率直，口语化而又
不失诗意的语言风格，
广泛的幽默，
天真和自由的梦想都是令人
难
忘的。
10. Hemingway once described the novel
the one book from which
“
all
modern American
literature
comes.
”
The profound
portrait of Huckleberry Finn is another great
contribution of the book to the legacy
of American literature.
《哈克贝里
.
芬历险记》
----
海明威曾把该
书看作是”所有现代美国文学之源”
.
。哈克贝里的深刻形象是
该书给美国文
学做出的又一贡献。
11. The climax arises with
Huck
’
s inner struggle on the
Mississippi, when Huck is
polarized
by
the
two
opposing
and
the
laws
of
the
society
against
those
who
help
slaves
escapes
哈克在
密西西比河的内心争斗室小说的高潮。哈克在理想与现实，对吉姆的感情与社会
反对奴隶
逃跑的法律之间被抛到了巅峰。
12. Huck
’
s
final
decision---
to
follow
his
own
good-hearted
moral
impulse
rather
than
conventional village morality.
哈克最后决定：遵循自己内心的良知，而非世俗的道德。
13. Twain
is
also
known
as
a
local
colorist,
who
preferred
to
present
social
life
through
portraits
of
local
characters
of
his
regions,
including
people
living
in
that
area,
the
landscape, and other peculiarities like
the customs, dialects, costumes and so on.
< br>马克
.
吐温善于描绘地方风物，包括地方任务，风光，风
俗，方言和服饰等等。
14.
Another fact that made Twain unique is his magic
power with language, his use of
vernacular. His words are colloquial,
concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence
structures are simple, even
ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken lang
uage.
马克
.
吐温独特的另一个方
面是他乡土气息的语言风格。
他的用词口语化，
具体可感，
直率有力。
句子结构简单，不合语法。
15. Mark
Twain
’
s humor is remarkable.
马克
.
吐温的幽默是突出的。
16.
Twain
’
s
works,
containing
some
practical
jokes,
comic
details,
witty
remarks,
etc.,
and some of them are
actually tall tales.
他的作品生动有趣，充盈着实用的笑话，喜
剧情
节，智慧的语言以及动听的故事。
17. His humor is a kind of
artistic style used to criticize the social
injustice and
satirize
the
decayed
romanticism.
< br>他的幽默是对社会不公正和沦丧的浪漫主义的讽刺和批判。
18. Adventures of
Huckleberry:
“
Huck
”
, a typical American can Boy whom its
creator
described as a boy with
“
a sound heart and a
deformed conscience
”
.
Through the eyes
of Huck, the innocent
and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War
American society
fully exposed and at
the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark
Twain
’
s thematic
contrasts between innocence and
experience, nature and culture, wilderness and
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