-
American civil rights movement
有
压
迫,就有斗争。
< br>
There is oppression,
there is struggle.
非洲黑人最初被
引
进
美国,主要是在南方
农场
当
农
奴,以弥
补
当地
劳动
力短缺的
问
题
。
African blacks were initially
introduced the United States, mainly in the south
farm when serfs,
to make up for the
local labor shortage problem.
理
论
上,林
肯
总统
在
1863
年的解放宣言中,已
经让
他
们获<
/p>
得了自由,在南北
战
争
< br>结
束后,
联
邦
< br>军队
占
领
南方期
间
,黑人曾
获
得解放宣言所<
/p>
赋
予的平等
权
利
。
In theory,
President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation in
1863, has let them free, in the civil
war
ended,
the
union
army
during
the
occupation
of
the
south,
black
won
emancipation
proclamation to give equal rights.
然而黑人因
为穷
困机教育程度低,
为
求
经济
上的生存,必
须
再度依靠白人雇用,特
别
是当
联
邦
军队
撤出南方后,黑人
顿
失
联
邦法律的保
护
< br>,其地位又陷入
类
似美国内
战<
/p>
前的状况。
However
black
because
of
poor
machine
education degree
is
low,
for
the sake of
economic
survival, we must rely on the
white again employment, especially when the
federal troops out of
the south, black
meal of federal law protection, its position in
the American civil war and similar's
condition before.
1896
年,美国最高
联
邦法院作出“普莱西
诉
弗
格森案”判决,确立
对
黑人采行“隔离但平等”措
施的合法性
时
,无异于
对<
/p>
南方黑人人
权
造成
严
重的打
击
,最高法院判决中有
p>
关
“隔离”的部分
被
执
行得十分
彻
底,但有
关
“平等”的部分
则
不然,
导
致南方出
现
更多
种
族隔离制度法令,甚
至
连
在工厂、医院及
军队
都采取
种
族隔离制度。
In 1896, the United States
supreme federal court to make a
judgment, establish the black adopt
black human rights cause serious blow,
the Supreme Court ruling on
very
thoroughly,
but
the
part
is
different,
resulting
in
the
south
appear
more
segregation laws and decrees, and even
in factories, hospitals and army were take
segregation.
p>
由于一系列不平等的待遇,美国
兴
起了漫<
/p>
长
的
为
民
权
而斗争的运
动
。<
/p>
By a series of
unequal treatment, the rise of a long struggle for
the civil rights movement.
美国黑人民
权
运
动
是
现
代非暴力运
< br>动
的典型,在全世界被
压
迫
p>
阶级
之中影响深
远
,它使人
们
看到可以通
过
合法的群众运
动获
得民主
权
利的可能,也使人看到世界必将走向民主平等的
趋势
。
Black
American
civil
rights
movement
is
the
modern
nonviolent
typical,
in
the
world
of
the
oppressed
class far-reaching influence, it makes people see
can through legal mass movement
for
democratic rights may, also make the person see
the world will certainly to move towards
the trend of democratic equality.
斗争分
为
以
下几个
阶
段:
Struggle is divided into
the following stages:
1861
年至
1910
年:
为
争取平等普
选权
而斗争
From
1861 to 1910: to fight for equality universal
suffrage and struggle
1861
年,美国内
战
爆
发
。
In 1861, the American civil war.
为
了在内
战
中
赢
得
p>
胜
利,林肯在
1862
年
发
布了著名的《解放黑人奴隶宣言》,黑人在法律上成<
/p>
为
自由人。
In order to win victory in the civil
war, Lincoln released in 1862 the famous
black slaves declaration, blacks in law
become free.
内<
/p>
战结
束之后,美国黑人
开
始了争取
获
得平等普
选权
p>
的
艰
苦斗争。
After the civil war,
American blacks began to get equal universal
suffrage of hard struggle.
经过
斗争,美国国会通
过
法案将自由
权
、公民
权
p>
和
选举权赋
予黑人。
It is only through a
struggle, the United States congress passed a bill
will liberty, citizenship, and
the
right to vote to black.
p>
虽
然各州
还
通
p>
过
具体的
选举
附加
条款
对
黑人参政加以限制,黑人仍无法取得与白人一
样
的
平等地位,依然
处处
受到歧
视
,但是,
这
一
时
期仍然是美国黑人参政
p>
历
史上具有里程碑意
义
的
时
代。
Although the states also through the
specific election additional terms for blacks
participating
restrictions, blacks and
whites still cannot be obtained as equal status,
still everywhere receives
discrimination, however, this period is
still black American political history landmark
age.
1911
年至
1950
年:黑人的参政力量不断上升
From 1911 to 1950:
black participation rising power
从
1911
年到二
战结
束后,美国
经济
有了
长
足的
发
展,在此期
间
,黑人的
经
济
地位也
开
始有所
提高,出
现
了一批黑人中
产阶级<
/p>
。
From
1911 to the end of world war ii, the U.S. economy
has achieved great development, in the
meantime, black economic status also
began to improve, there was a group of black
middle class.
<
/p>
在他
们
以及
诸<
/p>
多黑人
团
体的推
动
下,黑人
开
始
积
极参与政治生活,他
们
的政治
p>
权
利在
这
一
时
期得到了很大改善。
In them and many black
community driven, blacks began to actively
participate in political life,
their
political rights in this period has been improved
greatly.
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