-
Western music
Baroque
Date
1600-1750
Orchestra
&
Small-scale
resources
orchestra
Strings dominate
Harpsichord Organ
Melody
Balanced,
clear
two-
or
four-
bar
phrases
Elegant and light
Harmony
&
Diatonic harmony
tonality
In
major
or
minor
key
Clear cadences
Ornamented
Rhythm
Clear rhythm
Constant
tempo
and meter
Texture
Homophonic
Polyphony
Basso continuo
Composers
Bach
Handel
Vivaldi
Purcell
Classical
1750-1820
Bigger orchestra
Clarinet
Dramatic sound
Single theme
Romantic
1820-1900
Large orchestra
Percussion
20
th
century
1900-2000
Large and small
orchestra
Electronic instruments
Long,
singable
tunes
Climax
Not
clear key
Diatonic harmony
Chromatic
In major or minor
notes
key
Modulation
Clear cadences
Driving rhythm
Tempo change
Rubato
Syncopation
Varied texture
Homophonic
Polyphonic
Broken chords
Mozart
Haydn
Beethoven
Ostinato
Polyrhythm
Huge contracts
Tchaikovsky
Wagner
Chopin
Liszt
Schubert
Mendelssohn
Schumann
George Bizet
Strauss
Nationalism
–
Mussorgsky
Impressionism
–
Debussy
Serialism
–
Schoenberg
Neo-
classicism
–
Stravinsky
Jazz influence
–
Gershwin
常用词
:
Homophonic,
Monophonic,
Heterophonic
(Traditional),
Polyphonic
(Contrapuntal,
Canon),
antiphonal
轮唱
Imitation, Repetition, Sequence
Broken Chords, Arpeggio,
Ostinato, Drone
Syncopation,
Anacrusis, Off-Beat
Improvisation
(Cadenza)
Rubato
弹性速度
Glissando,
Pizzicato, Tremolo, Staccato, Legato (Slur), Tie,
Pitch-Bending, Sliding,
Crescendo, Decrescendo (Diminuendo)
Ornamentation (Melisma)
–
Trill, Appoggiatura,
Acciaccatura, Turn, Mordent
Chromatic Scale
Pedal
Grave,
Lento, Largo, Adagio, Andante, Andantino,
Moderato, Allegro, Vivace, Presto
Cross-rhythm
String
–
Arco
(Traditional
Instruments & Guitar
–
Plunked)
Woodwind & Brass
–
Blow (the reed)
Choral music
Mainly in Baroque
Mass
弥撒曲
–
sung in churches (catholic)
Oratorios
神剧
–
instrumental accompaniment
Bach and Handel famous for
Messiah
–
A major
in homophonic (Handel)
Requiem
–
for
death
安魂曲
Cantata
–
arias
清唱剧
Aria
—
Solo vocal
piece backed by orchestra
抒情调
Recitative
–
rhythm of words in imitating the rhythm of normal
speech
宣叙调
Chorus
–
sang by
choir
Dance music
Waltz
–
oom-cha-cha, Homophonic,
appoggiatura and chromatic notes
Salsa
–
Africa
Tango
–
Argentina, syncopation,
dotted rhythm
Symphonic
poems
–
programme music
Transposing melody
Sounding in A
?
Written in C
–
lower minor
3
rd
Sounding in F
?
Written in C
–
lower perfect
5
th