法律英语重要词汇

foreseeability

17.

跟单买卖

documentary sale

18.

适当的理由，充分的根据

probable cause

19.

重新审判的动议

motion for new trial

20.

公众人物

public figure

21.

未经他人允许将他人的姓名或肖像擅自用于商业用途

The appropriation of a person’s name or picture for commercial

purposes without permission

22.

法定（为法律所认定或认可）的损害

2

Legally recognizable damage (injuries)

23.

事实上的原因

actual cause (causation in fact)

24.

对财产的绝对占有权（排它性的财产占有权）

The right to excusive possession of the property

25.

分摊过失，共同过失

contributory negligence

26.

最后无危险机会原则

the last clear chance doctrine

27.

提单和保单

bill of lading & insurance policy

28.

陪审团审判

the jury trial

29.

不顾陪审团裁决而由法官直接判决的动议

Motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict

30.

诋毁性的，诽谤性的表述

defamatory statements

31.

为要丑化某人将信息公布公开

Publication of information that places a person in a false light

32.

公共事务

matters of public concern

33.

近因

proximate cause

34.

替代性原因

superseding cause

35

.

风险自负

assumption of risk

36.

相对过失，比较过失

comparative negligence

Quiz 2

1.

租赁，出租；租期

v. / n.

lease

2.

显失公平，不正当

n.

unconscionability

3

3.

确定，识别；辨认，鉴定

v. identify / n. identification

4.

收回，取回，重新获得

v.

repossess

5.

存款，保证金；使沉积，存放

n. / v.

deposit

6.

破产者，无力偿还者；破产的，无力偿还的

n. / adj.

insolvent

7.

信托，委托

n.

entrustment

8.

商销性，适销性

n.

merchantability

9.

免责声明

n.

disclaimer

10.

（合同）相对性

n.

privity (of contract)

11. last clear chance

最后清楚机会，最后明显机会

12. comparative defenses

相对抗辩，比较抗辩

13. the statute of frauds

反欺诈条款

14. tender of delivery

指示交付

15. fungible goods

可替代货物

16. warehouse receipt

仓单，仓库收据

17. sale- on- approval contract

试用买卖合同

18. sale-or-return contract

准许退货合同

19. insurable interests

保险权益，可保权益

20. product liability

产品责任

4

1

、

Battery

is the

intentional,

harmfu

l or

offensive

touching or

contact of another without his consent.

2

、

Ass ault

is an

attempt

to cause a harmful or offensive contact

with another

if

it causes a reasonable

apprehension or fear

of

immediate

threat to his or her physical safety.

3

、

False

imprisonment

is the intentional confinement of a person

for a period of time without his consent.

4

、

Confinement

may

result

from

physical

barrier

to

the

plaintiff

’

s freedom of movement, or the use of physical force or

the threat to use physical force against the plaintiff.

5

、

Defamation

refers

to

unprivileged publication

of false and

defamatory

statements

that

injures

a

person

’

s

reputation

or

character.

6

、

Libel

is written defamation and may also be in print, picture,

or in any other permanent, visual form.

Libel

is

actionable

without

any

proof

of

special

damage

to

the

plaintiff

(due

to

its

more

permanent

nature

and

the

5

seriousness).

7

、

Sla nder

is oral or spoken defamation.

Slander

is generally not actionable without proof of special

damage (unless the nature of the statement is so serious that it

can be classified as slander

per se

).

8

、

Actual malice ---

either

knowledge of falsity or a reckless

disregard of the truth

9

、

Compensatory damages

Punitive damages

Nominal damages

10

、

Invasion of privacy

is the tort of intentional intrusion into

the private affairs of a person.

11

、

’

s affairs

Matters of public concern

12

、

False

light

in the public eyes arises when one publishes false

materials designed to make a person look bad.

6

13

、

Public disclosure of private facts

about an individual arises

when information private in character is exposed to the public.

14

、

Ap propriation

occurs when a person

’

s name, picture or other

likeness is used for commercial advantage without his consent.

15

、

Commercial exploitation

16

、

Any time a person, without permission, enters onto, above, or

below

the

surface

of

land

that

is

owned by another or causes

anything

to

enter

onto

the

land,

or

remains

on

the

land

or

permits

anything

to

remain

on

it,

such

action

constitutes

the

civil tort called a

“

Trespass to land

”

.

Trespass

is

that

there

must

be

an actual (physical), tangible

interferences

.

No actual harm to the land is required for liability of

“

Trespass

to land

”

.

17

、

Nu isance

is the unreasonable and unlawful interference with

another person

’

s right to the use or enjoyment of his land.

Nuisance

does

not

necessarily

involve

any

physical

7

interferences of a person

’

s property.

For

nuisance

liability to

exist, the interference must be substantial and unreasonable.

Nuisance

example:

noise,

smoke,

vibrations,

the

projection

of

light, unpleasant smell

…

18

、

Whenever

any

individual

unlawfully

harms

the

personal

property of another or otherwise

interferes with the personal

property

owner’

s right to exclusive possession and enjoyment of

that

property,

trespass

to

personal

property

(personalty)

occurs.

19

、

Conversion

is the intentional and unlawful exercise of control

or

dominion

(power)

over

the

personal

property

of

another

without his consent.

Conversion

is defined as any act depriving an owner of personal

property

without

that

owner

’

s

permission

and

without

just

cause.

20

、

Negligence

---the unintentional causing of harm that could

have

been

prevented

if

the

defendant

had

acted

as

a

reasonable and prudent person

.

8