-
QUESTION
BOOKLET
试卷用后随即销毁。
严禁保留、出版或复印。
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS
(2018)
-
GRADE
EIGHT
-
TIME
LIMIIT
：
150 MIN
PARTI
LISTENING COMPREHENSION[25
MIN]
SECTION A
MIN
I
-
LECTURE
In
this
section
you
will
hear
a
mini
-
lecture.
You
will
hear
the
lecture
ONCE
ONLY
.
While
listening to
mini
-
lecture, please
complete the gap
-
filling
task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write
NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure you
fill in is both grammatically and
semantically acceptable. You may use
the blank sheet for
note
-
taking.
You
have THIRTY seconds to preview the
gap
-
filling task.
Now
listen to the mini
-
lecture.
When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes
to check
your work.
SECTIONB
INTERVIEW
I
n
this section you will hear ONE interview. The
interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the
end
of
each
part,
five
questions
will
be
asked
about what
was
said.
Both
the
interview
and
the
questions
will
be
spokenONCE
ONLY.
After
each
question
there
will
be
a
ten
-
second
pause.
During the pause, you
should read the four choices of A), B), C) and D),
and mark the best answer
to each
question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have THIRTY seconds to
preview the choices.
Now, listen to
the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on
Part Oneof the interview.
Now listen to the interview.
1.
A.
Announcement of results.
B.
Lack of a time schedule.
C.
Slowness in ballots counting.
D. Direction of the electoral
events.
1
/
13
2.
A. Other
voices within Afghanistan wanted so.
B. The date had been set
previously.
C. All the
ballots had been counted.
D.
The UN advised them to do so.
3.
A. To calm the voters.
B. To speed up the process.
C. To stick to the election
rules.
D. To stop complaints
from the labor.
4.
A.
Unacceptable.
B.
Unreasonable.
C.
Insensible.
D. Ill
considered.
5.
A.
Supportive.
B.
Ambivalent.
C.
Opposed.
D. Neutral.
Now
listening
to
Part
Two
of
the
interview.
Questions
6
to
10
are
based
on
Part
Two
of
the
interview.
6.
A.
Ensure the government includes all
parties.
B. Discuss who is
going to be the winner.
C.
Supervise the counting of votes.
D. Seek support from important sectors.
7.
A.
36%
-
24%.
B.
46%
-
34%.
C.
56%
-
44%.
D. 66%
-
54%.
8.
A. Both candidates.
B. Electoral institutions.
C. The United Nations.
D. Not specified.
2
/
13
9.
A. It was unheard of.
B. It was on a small scale.
C. It was insignificant.
occurred elsewhere.
10.
A. Problems in the electoral
process.
B. Formation of a
new government.
C. Premature
announcement of results.
D.
Democracy in Afghanistan.
PART
Ⅱ
READING
COMPREHENSION[25 MIN]
SECTION A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are
three passages followed by fourteen multiple
choice questions. For each
multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one
that you think is the best answer and
mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE
ONE
(1) “Britain’s best
export,” I was told by the Department of
Immigration in Canberra, “is
people.”
Close on 100,000 people have applied for assisted
passages in the first five months
of
the year, and half of these are eventually
expected to migrate to Australia.
(2)
The
Australian
are
delighted.
They
are
keenly
ware
that
without
a
strong
flow
of
immigrants
into
the
workforce
the
development
of
the
Australian
economy
is
unlikely
to
proceed
at the
ambitious
pace
currently
envisaged.
The
new
mineral
discoveries
promise a
splendid future,
and
the
injection
of
huge
amounts
of
American
and
British
capital
should
help to ensure that
they are properly exploited, but with unemployment
in Australia down to
less than 1.3 per
cent, the government is understandably anxious to
attract more skilled labor.
(3) Australia
is roughly the same size as the continental United
States, but has only twelve
million
inhabitants. Migration has accounted for half the
population increase in the last four
years, and has contributed greatly to
the country’s impressive economic development.
Britain
has always been the principal
source – ninety per cent of Australians are of
British descent,
and Britain has
provided one million migrants since the Second
World War.
(4)
Australia
has
also
given
great
attention
to
recruiting
people
elsewhere.
Australians
decided
they
had
an
excellent
potential
source
of
applicants
among
the
so
-
called
“guest
workers” who have
crossed their own frontiers to work in other arts
of Europe. There were
estimated to be
more than four million of them, and a large number
were offered subsidized
passages and
guaranteed jobs in Australia. Italy has for some
years been the second biggest
source of
migrants, and the Australians have also managed to
attract a large number of Greeks
3
/
13
and Germans.
(5) One
drawback with them, so far as the Australians are
concerned, is that integration
tends to
be more difficult. Unlike the British, continental
migrants have to struggle with an
unfamiliar language and new customs.
Many naturally
gravitate
towards the Italian or Greek
communities which have grown up in
cities such as Sydney and Melbourne. These
colonies
have
their
own
newspapers,
their
own
shops,
and
their
own
clubs.
Their
habitants
are
not
Australians, but Europeans.
(6)
The government’s avowed aim, however, is to
maintain “a substantially homogeneous
society into which newcomers, from
whatever sources, will merge themselves”. By and
large,
therefore, Australia still
prefers British migrants, and tends to be rather
less
selective
in their
case than it is with others.
(7)
A
far
bigger
cause
of
concerns
than the
growth
of
national
groups,
however,
is
the
increasing
number
of
migrants
who
return
to
their
countries
of
origin.
One
reason
is
that
people
nowadays
tend
to be
more
mobile,
and
that
it
is
easier
than in
the
past
to
save
the
return
fare,
but
economic
conditions
also
have
something
to
do
with
it.
A
slower
rate
of
growth
invariably
produces
discontent
–
and
if
this
coincides
with
greater
prosperity
in
Europe, a lot of people tend to feel
that perhaps they were wrong to come here after
all.
(8) Several surveys have
been conducted recently into the reasons why
people go home.
One noted that “flies,
dirt, and outside lavatories” were on the list of
complaints from British
immigrants,
and added that many people also
complained about “the crudity, bad
manners,
and unfriendliness of the
Australians”. Another survey gave climate
conditions, homesickness,
and “the
stark appearance of the Australian countryside” as
the main reasons for leaving.
(9)
Most
British
migrants
miss
council
housing
the
National
Health
scheme,
and
their
relatives and former neighbor.
Loneliness is a big factor, especially among
housewives. The
men soon make new
friends at work, but wives tend to find it much
harder to get used to a
different way
of life. Many are housebound because of inadequate
public transport in most
outlying
suburbs, and
regular correspondence
with their old friends
at home only
serves to
increase their discontent.
One housewife was quoted recently as saying: “I
even find I miss
the people I used to
hate at home.”
(10)
Rent
are
high,
and
there
are
long
waiting
lists
for
Housing
Commission
homes.
Sickness can be an
expensive business and the climate can be
unexpectedly rough. The gap
between
Australian
and
British
wage
packets
is
no
longer
big,
and
people
are
generally
expected to work
harder here than they do at home. Professional men
over forty often have
difficulty
in
finding
a
decent
job.
Above
all,
perhaps,
skilled
immigrants
often
finds
a
considerable reluctance to accept their
qualifications.
(11)
According
to
the journal
Australian
Manufacturer,
the
attitude
of
many
employers
and fellow workers is anything but
friendly. “We Australians,” it stated in a recent
issue, “are
just too fond of painting
the rosy picture of the big,
warm
-
hearted Aussie. As a
matter of fact,
we are so busy blowing
our own trumpets that we have not not time to be
warm
-
hearted and
considerate. Go down
“heart
-
break alley” among
some of the migrants and find out just how
expansive the Aussie is to his
immigrants.”
4
/
13
11.
The
Australians want a strong flow of immigrants
because .
A.
Immigrants speed up
economic expansion
B.
unemployment is down to a low
figure
C.
immigrants attract foreign
capital
D.
Australia is as large as
the United States
12.
Australia
prefers immigrants from Britain because
.
A.
they are selected carefully before
entry
B.
they are likely to form
national groups
C.
they easily merge into local
communities
D.
they are fond of living in
small towns
13.
In explaining
why some migrants return to Europe the author
.
A.
stresses their economic
motives
B.
emphasizes the variety of
their motives
C.
stresses loneliness and
homesickness
D.
emphasizes the difficulties
of men over forty
14.
which of the
following words is used literally, not
metaphorically?
A.
“flow” (Para. 2).
B.
“injection” (Para. 2).
C.
“gravitate” (Para. 5).
D.
“selective” (Para. 6).
15.
Para. 11 pictures the Australians as
.
A.
unsympathetic
B.
ungenerous
C.
undemonstrative
D.
unreliable
PASSAGE TWO
(1)
Some of the advantages of bilingualism include
better performance at tasks involving
“executive function” (which involves
the brain’s ability to plan and prioritize),
better defense
against dementia in old
age and—the obvious—the ability to speak a second
language. One
purported
advantage
was
not
mentioned,
though.
Many
multilinguals
report
different
personalities, or even different
worldviews, when they speak their different
languages.
(2) It’s an exciting
notion, the idea that one’s very self could be
broadened by the mastery
of two or more
languages. In obvious ways (exposure to new
friends, literature and so forth)
the
self
really
is
broadened.
Yet
it
is
different
to
claim—as
many
people
do—to
have
a
different
personality
when
using
a
different
language.
A
former
Economist
colleague,
for
example, reported being ruder in Hebrew
than in English. So what is going on
here?
(3) Benjamin Lee Whorf, an
American linguist who died in 1941, held that each
language
5
/
13
encodes a worldview that
significantly influences its speakers. Often
called “Whorfianism”,
this idea has its
sceptics, but there are still good reasons to
believe language shapes thought.
(4)
This
influence
is
not
necessarily
linked
to
the
vocabulary
or
grammar
of
a
second
language.
Significantly, most people are not symmetrically
bilingual. Many have learned one
language
at
home
from
parents,
and
another
later
in
life,
usually
at
school.
So
bilinguals
usually have
different strengths and weaknesses in their
different languages—and they are not
always best in their first language.
For example, when tested in a foreign language,
people are
less likely to fall into a
cognitive trap (answering a test question with an
obvious
-
seeming but
wrong answer) than when tested in their
native language. In part this is because working
in a
second language
slows
down the
thinking. No wonder
people feel different when speaking
them. And no wonder they feel looser,
more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or
funnier
or blunter, in the language
they were reared in from childhood.
(5)
What
of
“crib”
bilinguals,
raised
in
two
languages?
Even
they
do
not
usually
have
perfectly symmetrical competence in
their two languages. But even for a speaker whose
two
languages are very nearly the same
in ability, there is another big reason that
person will feel
different
in
the
two
languages.
This
is
because
there
is
an
important
distinction
between
bilingualism and
biculturalism.
(6) Many bilinguals are not
bicultural. But some are. And of those bicultural
bilinguals,
we
should be
little
surprised that they feel
different in their two languages. Experiments in
psychology
have
shown
the
power
of
“priming”—small
unnoticed
factors
that
can
affect
behavior in big ways.
Asking
people to tell a
happy story, for
example,
will put them in a
better
mood.
The
choice
between
two
languages
is
a
huge
prime.
Speaking
Spanish
rather
than English, for a
bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York,
might conjure feelings
of family and
home. Switching to English might prime the same
person to think of school and
work.
(7)
So
there
are
two
very
good
reasons
(asymmetrical
ability,
and
priming)
that
make
people feel different
speaking their different languages. We are still
left with a third kind of
argument,
though.
An
economist
recently
interviewed
here
at
Prospero,
Athanasia
Chalari,
said for example that:
Greeks
are
very
loud
and
they
interrupt
each
other
very
often.
The
reason
for
that
is
the
Greek grammar and syntax. When Greeks
talk they begin their sentences with verbs and the
form of the verb includes a lot of
information so you already know what they are
talking about
after the first word and
can interrupt more easily.
(8) Is there
something intrinsic to the Greek language that
encourages Greeks to interrupt?
People
seem
to
enjoy
telling
tales
about
their
languages'
inherent
properties, and
how
they
influence
their
speakers.
A
group
of
French
intellectual
worthies
once
proposed,
rather
self
-
flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly
unmatchable rigor and precision. Some
Germans believe
that frequently putting
the
verb at
the
end
of
a
sentence
makes
the
language
especially
logical.
But
language
myths
are
not
always
self
-
flattering:
many
speakers
think
their
languages
are
unusually
illogical
or
difficult—witness the
plethora of books along the lines of
driveway and drive on a parkway;
English must be the craziest language in the
world!
also
see
some
unsurprising
overlap
with
national
stereotypes
and
self
-
stereotypes:
French,
rigorous; German,
logical; English, playful. Of course.
6
/
13