2018年考研英语一真题和参考答案解析 (1)

2017

考研英语一真题及参考答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark

A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Could

a

hug

a

day

keep

the

doctor

away?

The

answer

may

be

a

resounding

1

helping

you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of

health

benefits

to

your

body

and

mind.

Believe

it

or

not,

a

warm

embrace

might

even

help

you 4 getting sick this winter.

In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon

University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the

receipt of hugs 6 the

participants' susceptibility to developing the

common cold after

being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to

come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging

10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones

who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .

usually 14 with stress,

Hugging

a

marker of

intimacy and

helps 15 the

feeling that others

are there to help

16 difficulty.

Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the

release of oxytocin, often called

relationships,

including

that

between

mother

and

their

newborn

babies.

Oxytocin

is

made

primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the

bloodstream.

But

some

of

it

19

in

the

brain,

where

it

20

mood,

behavior

and

physiology.

1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout

【答案】

[B] Besides

2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior

【答案】

[A] connected

3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host

【答案】

[D] host

4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep

【答案】

[C] avoid

5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting

【答案】

[B] involving

6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on

【答案】

[D] on

7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted

【答案】

[B] exposed

8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out

【答案】

[C] down

9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined

【答案】

[A] calculated

10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained

【答案】

[D] explained

11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus

【答案】

[A] Even

12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors

【答案】

[B] symptoms

13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased

【答案】

[D] increased

14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared

【答案】

[B] associated

15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record

【答案】

[C] generate

16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of

【答案】

[A] in the face of

17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return

【答案】

[C] attribute

18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until

【答案】

[A] because

19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases

【答案】

[C] remains

20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences

【答案】

[D]influences

Text 1

First two hours, now three hours

—

this is how far in advance authorities are

recommending

people

show

up

to

catch

a

domestic

flight,

at

least

at

some

major

.

airports

with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans are willing to tolerate time- consuming security protocols in return for

increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed

over the

Mediterranean

Sea,

provides

another

tragic reminder of

why. But demanding too

much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public

support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic

and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last

year,

the

Transportation

Security

Administration(TSA)

found

in

a

secret

check

that

undercover

investigators

were

able

to

sneak

weapons

—

both

fake

and

real

—

past

airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then,

combined

with

a

rise

in

airline

travel

due

to

the

improving

economy

and

low

oil

prices,

have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.

It

is

not

yet

clear

how

much

more

effective

airline

security

has

become

—

but

the

lines

are obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in

airline

travel, so

the

TSA is now rushing

to get new screeners on

the

line. Part

of the

issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may

be

that

more

people

are

trying

to

overpack

their

carry-on

bags

to

avoid

checked-baggage

fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or

rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to

be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are

eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers

who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million

people in PreCheck.

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock:

Passengers must pay $$85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the

beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming

reforms

might

bring

the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly,

by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The

TSA

cannot

continue

diverting

resources

into

underused

PreCheck

lanes

while

most

of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the

program work.

21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to

[A] explain American

’

s tolerance of current security checks.

[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major . airports.

[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.

22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?

[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.

[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.

[C] An increase in the number of travellers.

[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

23. The word

“

expedited

”

(Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to

[A] quieter.

[B] cheaper.

[C] wider.

[D] faster.

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is

[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.

[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.

[C] the government

’

s reluctance to back it.

[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.

25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?

[A] Less Screening for More Safety

[B] PreCheck

–

a Belated Solution

[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

答案：

21-25 ACDDC

Text 2

“

The

ancient

Hawaiians

were

astronomers,

”

wrote

Queen

Liliuokalani,

Hawaii's

last

reigning

monarch,

in

1897.

Star

watchers

were

among

the

most

esteemed

members

of

Hawaiian

society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted

over

construction

of

the

Thirty

Meter

Telescope

(TMT),

a

giant

observatory

that

promises

to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped

by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But

Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the

Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,

where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of

Hawaiians

and

environmentalists

have

long

viewed

their

presence

as

disrespect

far

sacred

land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness

to

build

bigger

telescopes,

they

forgot

that

science

is

not

the

only

way

of

understanding

the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile

ecosystems

or

its

holiness

to

the

islands'

inhabitants.

Hawaiian

culture

is

not

a

relic

of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of

civilization.

The

same

curiosity

to

find

what

lies

beyond

the

horizon

that

first

brought

early

Polynesians

to

Hawaii's

shores

inspires

astronomers

today

to

explore

the

heavens.

Calls

to

disassemble

all

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea

or

to

ban

future

development

there

ignore

the

reality

that

astronomy

and

Hawaiian

culture

both

seek

to

answer

big

questions

about

who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore

the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true

ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The

TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope

’

s visibility around the island and to

avoid

archaeological

and

environmental

impact.

To

limit

the

number

of

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned

to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to

embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani

’

s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D] her appreciation of star watchers

’

feats in her time.

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

[A] its geographical features.

[B] its protective surroundings.

[C] its religious implications.

[D] its existing infrastructure.

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today

’

s astronomy

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians

’

hostility.

30. The author

’

s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

[A] severe criticism.

[B] passive acceptance.

[C] slight hesitancy.

[D] full approval.

答案：

26-30 DABCC

Text 3

Robert

F.

Kennedy

once

said

that

a

country's

GDP

measures

“

everything

except

that

which

makes

life

worthwhile.

”

With

Britain

voting

to

leave

the

European

Union,

and

GDP

already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was

referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a

century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter

and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK

’

s GDP has been the envy of

the Western

world, with record

low unemployment

and high growth

figures.

If everything

was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the

warnings about what it could do to their country

’

s economic prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into

well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the

UK

is

one

of

the

poorest

performers

in

ensuring

that

economic

growth

is

translated

into

meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40