-
《专业英语(制药工程)
》
PART I
科技英语写作及翻译
【科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧】
一、概述
1.
翻译的要求
The Criteria of
Translation
:信、雅、达
2.
科技英语词汇(上节课已经介绍)
3.
科技英语句子的特点
二、科技英语常用句型及翻译
1.
被动语态
1
)被动语态的常用原因
常用被动语态主要见于以下几个方面:
①
不必或无法说出主动者
For
a
long
time
aluminum
has
been
thought
as
an
effective
material
for
preventing
metal
corrosion.
长期以来,铝被当作一种有效的防止金属腐蚀的材料。
?
The book has
already been translated into many languages.
②
强调行为对象,而非行为者,将行为对象作为句子的主语
Three machines can be controlled by a
single operation.
三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。
?
The work must
be finished at once.
③
为了更好的联系上下文
?
They are going
to build a library here next year. It is going to
be build beside the classroom
building.
2
)被动语句的翻译方法
(
1
)仍译为被动句
<
/p>
最常见的是在谓语前加上助词“被”
,也可使用“受到,遭到,得
到,叫,称,让,给,
加以,为??所”等句式。偶尔也可不加任何词直接译出。
We remember how air can be
made into a liquid. If the liquid is warmed again,
it
“
boiled
”
and turns back into a gas.
我们记得是如何
把
< br>空气制成液体的。如果
给
这种液体重新加热,它“沸腾汽
化”
,就又
还原成气体。
?
Every thing is
built up of atoms.
?
The
process
by
which
energy
is
changed
from
one
form
into
another
is
called
the
transformation of energy.
?
Water is
usually considered as being a compound of two
elements.
(
2
)译为主动句,中国汉语的习惯
①
译成无主语的主动句
《制药工程专业英语》补充教材
8
PART I
科技英语写作及翻译
Measures have been taken to diminish
air pollution.
已经采取了一些措施来减少空气污染。
?
If the product
is a new compound
,
the
structure must be proved
independently
.
?
Quality must be
guaranteed first.
②
加上不确定主语的主动句
Salt
is known to have a very strong corroding effect on
metals.
大家
知道,盐对金
属有很强的腐蚀作用。
?
All bodies are known to possess weight.
?
If
one or more electrons are removed, the atom is
said to be positively
charged
.
③
由
by<
/p>
短语中的动作发出者作为主语
Heat
and light are given off by the chemical reaction.
这种化学反应
能发出热和光。
?
The planets are
held together by attractive forces.
?
Every day, new
compounds are produced in the laboratory by the
synthetic organic chemist.
(
3
)译成判断句
Currently most solar cells are made
from crystals of high-purity silicon.
目前,绝大多数太阳能电池
是
用高纯度
的硅晶体制成
的
。
?
Large
quantities of oil are refined locally at Abadan,
Iran, in Bahrain and elsewhere.
?
Produced by
electrons are the x-ray, which allow the doctor to
took aside a patient
’
s body.
(
4
)译成
因果句
The crops were badly
damaged by a flood.
农作物
因
水灾而毁坏。
The
multiplicity of carbon compounds is explained in
the exceptional ability of carbon atoms
to combine with one another.
碳化合物之所以为数众多,是
因为
碳原子相互结合的能力特别
强。
?
The
existence
of
organic
chemistry
is
further
justified
by
the
importance
of
carbon
compounds or mixtures
in our lives.
2.
从句
科技英语大量使用复合句是其重
要的特征之一,一个复合句可能由主句和多个主句组
成。理解和掌握各种从句的译法对理
解和翻译科技英语是非常重要的。
1
)主语从句
①
基本句型:连词(连接代词、连接
副词)
+
主语
+
谓语
+
谓语
Why dinaucers became extinct remained a
mystery for a long time.
恐龙为什么绝迹长期以来是个谜。
?
Whether there
is life on the Mars is a disputable topic.
②
用
p>
what
引起的主语从句
《制药工程专业英语》补充教材
9
PART I
科技英语写作及翻译
What we
call weight is really the gravitational pull on an
object.
我们所称之重量实际上是对某一物体的地心引力。
?
What cannot be
seen with the eye can be easily found with a radar
instrument.
③
p>
用
it
做主语的复合句
?
It is
important that the metal for making aeroplanes
should resist corrosion.
?
It is said that
all matters is made up of atoms.
2
)宾语从句
①
带有宾语从句的复合句:一般按原句顺序翻译
A product must be carefully tested to
determine if it will perform its job properly and
reliably.
产品必须自己检查,以确定是否合格可靠。
?
Newton believed
that gravitation is
everywhere
——
that is, it is
universal.
②
用
what
引起的宾语从句
< br>
常有“
the thing which
”的含义,译为“所??的东西(或事物)
”
:
p>
The computer can only do what
they are told to do.
计算机只能做人们所要它做的事情。
?
When the atoms
of different elements combine or react chemically,
they form what are called
“
m
olecules
”
.
③
介词所带的宾语从句
除动词外,
p>
介词也可带有宾语从句,
这时从句不能用
t
hat
引导,
而是连接代词或连接副
词
引导,翻译时要把宾语从句处理成一个短语。
Energy
is rather difficult to define, but most of us have
a concept of what it is.
给能
量下定义是相当不容易的,但我们大多数人对这一概念都有所了解。
?
The value of a
machine depends on how much work it can do per
hour, or per second.
④
符合宾语中的宾语从句
?
Time and again
Newton made it clear that motion is relative.
?
Ancient people believed it to be true
that the sun turned around the earth.
3
)表语从句
①
表语从句一般译法
?
One of the most
important facts about light is that it travels in
straight line.
?
Why don’t
we fall off the
earth? The answer is that gravity keeps us from
falling off.
②
<
/p>
由
what
引起的表语从句
Oil coming from the ground is
what we call crude oil.
从地下喷出的石油就是我们所说的原油。
?
Carbon is what
makes up a major ingredient in coal, wood,
gasoline, oil, or any other fuel.
4
)同位语从句
《制药工程专业英语》补充教材
10