-
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-
how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
1
of
2
-
16
2
电梯曳引机
Traction
machine
曳引机是电梯的动力源（又称主机）
，通常由
电动机、制动器、减速机和底座组成；是靠曳
引钢丝绳与曳引轮的摩擦来实现轿厢运行的
驱动机。曳引机又以电动机与曳引轮之间有无
减速机区分为
有齿
轮曳引机和无齿轮曳引机两种
。
As
power provider for lift, traction machine, also
called main machine, is composed of
motor, brake, geared machine and seat.
It is a drive to make car
move by means of the
friction between
traction rope and sheave.
According to whether the geared machine
is
provided or not, it is classified
into geared and gearless types.
2-1
有齿轮曳引机
Geared traction
machine
有齿轮曳引机广泛用于
运行速度
v <
/p>
≤2.0m/s
的
各种货梯、
客梯、
杂物梯。
为了减小曳引机运行时
的噪音和提高平稳性，
一
般采用蜗轮副作减速传<
/p>
动装置。
这种曳引机主要由曳引
电动机、
蜗轮、
蜗杆、
制
动器、
曳引绳轮、
机座等
构成，其外形如图
2-1
。
Geared traction
machine
is widely
used
in
cargo
lift, passenger lift
and
service
lift
with
speed
of
not more
than
2.0m/s.
To
reduce working noise and enhance stability, worm
gear is normally used as
geared drive.
Such machine is composed of
motor, worm, gear, brake, rope and seat,
as shown is figure 2-1.
电梯的载
荷、运行速度等主要参数取决于曳引机的电机功率和转速，蜗轮与蜗杆的模数和
U&D
ELEV
ATOR ODBO
All rights are reserved. Reproduction
in whole or in part is
prohibited
without the written consent of the copyright
owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
(CHINA)
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
2
of
2
-
16
减速比，曳引轮的直径和绳槽数，以及曳引比（曳引方式）等。
采用有齿轮曳引机的电梯，
其运行速度与曳引机的减速比、曳引
轮直径、曳引比、曳引电
动机的转速之间的关系
可用以下公式表
示：
Main parameters, such as
lift load and speed are determined by Hp and speed
of traction
machine,
worm
and
gear
numbers,
gear
ratio,
diameter
of
traction
machine,
rope
grooves and traction
ratio (traction mode).
For lifts adopting geared traction
machine, the relationship between lift speed,
traction
gear ratio, traction machine
diameter, traction motor speed is as follows:
式中：
Where:
v
—
电梯的运行速度（
m/s
）
v
—
lift speed
（
m/s
）
D
—
曳引绳轮直径（
m
）
D
—
diameter of traction machine
（
m
）
N
—
曳引电动机转速
(r/min)
N
—
motor speed
(r/min)
?
y
—
曳引比（曳引方式）
?
y
—
traction
ratio
（
traction
mode
）
?
j
—减速比
?
j
—
gear ratio
例：
For example:
由一台
电梯，其曳引轮的绳轮直径为
0.8m
，电动机转速
1500r/min
，减速比为
53∶3，曳
引比为
2∶1，求电梯的运行速度？
Given the fact that sheave diameter of
traction sheave is 0.8m, motor speed is 1500r/min,
reduction ratio is 53:3, gear ratio is
2:1, what is lift speed?
解：已知
D
=0.8m
，
N
=1000r/min
,
?
y
=2/1,
?
j
=53/3
< br>代入式
2-1
得：
From the given conditions, we learn
that D=0.8m
，
N=1000r/min, ?
y=2/1, ? j=53/3.
According
to above mentioned formula, we can calculate
that
：
v
?
πDN
60
i
y<
/p>
i
j
?
3
.
14
?
0.8
?
1480
60
?
2
1
?
53<
/p>
3
?
1
.
75m
/
s
All
rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in
part is
prohibited without the written
consent of the copyright owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
U&D
ELEV
ATOR ODBO
(CHINA)
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
3
of
2
-
16
曳引电动机是驱动电梯上下运动的动力源，其运行工况比较复杂。运行过程中需频繁的起
动、制动、正转、反转，而且负载变化很大，经常工作在重复短时状态、电动状态、再生
制动状态的情况下。因此，要求曳引电机不但应能适应频繁起、制动的要求，而且起动电
流小，起动力矩大，机械特性硬，噪声小，当供电电压在标准波动范围内变化时，还能正
常起动和运行。
因此电梯用曳引电动机是专用电机。
由于曳引电动机的工作情况比较复杂，
所以对电机功率的计算比较麻烦，一
般常用以下公式计算：
As
power
provider
for
lift
movement,
traction
machine
features
complicated
operation
procedures,
among
which
is
involved
with
frequent
start-up,
brake,
clockwise
and
counterclockwise rotation.
Due to constantly changing load,
working status of traction
machine
is
characteristic
of
repetitious
short
time
operation,
electrical
control
and
regeneration.
Therefore, with low start-up current,
large start-up torque, mechanically
rigid
features
and
low
noise,
it
is
required
that
traction
machine
should
not
only
be
adapted
for
frequent
start-up,
brake,
but
also
start
up
and
function
well
when
power
oltage
fluctuates within normal range. Being special
machine for lift, traction machine is
characteristic of complicated
operation, whose Hp can be calculated through
following
formula:
式中：
Where:
P
—
曳引电机轴功率
(kw)
P
—
shaft Hp of traction machine (kw)
G
—
电梯轿厢额定载重量
(kg)
G
—
rated load of car (kg)
α
—
电梯平衡系数
α—
offsetting
coefficient
η
—
电梯的机械总效率
η—
total mechanical
efficiency
v
—
电梯的运行速度（
m/s
）
v
—
lift speed
（
m/s
）
采用有齿轮曳引机的电梯，
若蜗轮副为阿基米德齿形时，电梯机械总效率取
0.5
～
0.55
；
采用无齿轮曳引
机的电梯，电梯机械总效率取
0.75
～
0.8
。
U&D
ELEV
ATOR ODBO
All rights are reserved. Reproduction
in whole or in part is
prohibited
without the written consent of the copyright
owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
(CHINA)
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
4
of
2
-
16
For lift with geared traction machine,
if worm gear is Archimedes type, total mechanical
efficiency ranges from 0.5 to 0.55; for
lift with gearless traction machine, total
mechanical
efficiency ranges from 0.75
to 0.8.
例：有一台额定载重量为
< br>2000kg
，额定运行速度为
0.5m/s
的交流双速电梯，曳引机的蜗
轮副采用阿基米德齿形，
电动机的额定转速为
960r/min
，
< br>求电机的功率应为多少
（
kw
）
?
For example:
For an AC two-speed lift whose rated
load is 2000kg and rated speed is 0.5m/s, worm
gear is Archimedes type, rated speed of
motor is 960r/min, what is hp of motor?
解：已知：
，代入式
2-2
得：
According to
G
=
2000kg,
α
=
0.5
，
v
=
0.5m/s
，
< br>η
=
0.5
, we can
calculate by inputting
given values.
有齿轮曳引机的电机有交流的也有直流的。
< br>W191
曳引机的电机为交流变频电动机。目前，
除涡轮
蜗杆减速机外，还有斜齿轮传动和行星齿轮传动两种形式的减速机。
Geared traction machine is classified
into AC and DC types.
W191
traction machine is
AC frequency-
variable motor.
Currently,
besides worm geared machine, bevel and star
geared machines are also available.
2-2
无齿轮曳引机
Gearless traction machine
无齿
轮曳引机用于运行速度
v
＞
2.0m/
s
的高速电梯上。
这种曳引机的曳引轮紧固在曳引电
动机轴上，
没有机械减速装置，
整机结构比较简单
。
曳引电动机是专为电梯设计和制造的，
能适应电梯运行工作特
点，具有良好调速性能的直流电动机或交流变频电动机。
Gearless traction machine is used in
lifts with speed of more than 2.0m/s. With
traction
sheave
fixed
in
motor
shaft,
this
traction
machine
is
simple
in
structure
without
any
U&D
ELEV
ATOR ODBO
All rights are reserved. Reproduction
in whole or in part is
prohibited
without the written consent of the copyright
owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
P
?
G(1
?
α)v
102η
?
2000
?
(1
?
0.5)
?
0.5
102
?
0.5
?
9.8kw
< br>(CHINA)
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
5
of
2
-
16
mechanical
geared
machine.
Specially
designed
for
manufactured
for
lift,
traction
motor
is
suitable
for
lift
operation
and
classified
into
speed-variable
DC
and
frequency-variable AC
motor.
图
2-2
所示为交流变
频无齿轮曳引机。
In figure 2-2 is
shown an AC frequency-variable gearless traction
machine.
该曳引机制造时所需要的制动力矩要比有齿轮曳引机大得多，因此相应的制动器比较大。
由于无齿轮曳引机多数情况是用于复绕传动结构中，所以曳引轮轴、复绕轮轴及其轴承的
受力要比有齿轮曳引机大得多，相应的轴也显得粗大
。
由于无齿轮曳引机没有减速机，所以使用寿命比较长。
This
machine
needs
much
more
brake
torque
than
geared
machine
when
it
is
manufactured,
therefore,
it
needs
a
rather
bigger
brake.
Gearless
traction
machine
is
more often than not used
in compound winding drive, therefore, force
applied on traction
U&D
ELEV
ATOR ODBO
All rights are reserved. Reproduction
in whole or in part is
prohibited
without the written consent of the copyright
owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
制动器
Brake
曳引轮
Traction
sheave
电动机
Motor
图
2 -2
无齿轮曳引机
DAF290
Figure 2-2 Gearless traction machine
DAF
(CHINA)
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-
how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
6
of
2
-
16
sheave,
compound
winding
sheave
and
bear
is
much
larger
than
that
on
traction
machine; corresponding shaft is of
longer diameter.
With no geared
machine, it has longer usage life.
2-3
永磁同步无齿轮曳引机
Permanent
–
magnet synchronous gearless traction machine
在这里尤其值得提到的是永磁同步无齿轮曳引机在电梯上的应
用。随着电梯曳引技术的
飞速发展，采用永磁同步无齿轮拖动
技术的无机房电梯正越来越多地走进电梯市场。由
于无机房电
梯无需设置机房，也无需加大井道尺寸，从而可以简化建筑设计，美化建筑
造型，节约建筑成本，尤其是无机房电梯噪声低、效率高、节能明显更提高了无机房电
梯的使用价值。而无机房电梯最突出的设计就是
永
磁同步无齿轮曳引机
。
We
can
’
t help mentioning the
application of permanent
–
magnet synchronous gearless traction
machine in lift.
With the rapid development of traction
technology in lift, more and more lifts
without
machine
room
are
adopting
permanent
–
magnet
synchronous
gearless
trailing
technology.
For
lifts
without
machine
room,
there
is
no
need
to
enlarge
well
dimensions,
simplifying
and
beautifying
construction,
saving
cost,
especially
the
application
value
of
such
lifts is
enhanced by low noise, high efficiency and power
economization, and what distinguishes
lifts
without
machine
room
from
others
lies
in
the
permanent
–
magnet
synchronous
gearless
traction machine.
图
2-3
所示的是蒂森无机房电梯所采用的
PMS425AL
型永磁同步无齿轮曳引机。
它的扁平
结构设计使得
在井道壁和轿厢之间只需要一个很小的空间即可完成安装。由于它的无齿轮
设计，电动机
力矩直接传递到曳引轮上，再加上无减速部分的静摩擦，使得传动效率可达
90%
以上，还由于它具有很低的运转速度，使得机器在运行过程中噪声很低，也不会产生
振动。此类曳引机采用两组机—电式制动器，如果其中一组制动器不起作用，另一组制动< p>
器能够提供足够的制动力使满载下行的轿厢停止。
In figure 2-3 is shown PMS425AL
permanent
–
magnet
synchronous gearless traction machine
used in Thyssen
’
s
lifts without machine room.
The traction machine is flat in
structure, so only
a very small space
is needed between well walls and car to complete
installation.
With gearless
design , motor torque directly passes
on to traction sheave, combined with static
friction of
non-deceleration part,
driving efficiency can exceed 90%; besides, due to
low rotation speed,
U&D
ELEV
ATOR ODBO
All rights are reserved. Reproduction
in whole or in part is
prohibited
without the written consent of the copyright
owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
(CHINA)
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
7
of
2
-
16
traction machine runs with low noise
and is free from vibration. The traction machine
has two
mechano-electronic brakes,
therefore, the other brake can provide sufficient
jerk force to stop car
with 100% rated
load if one brake fails to function.
永磁同步无齿轮曳引机的特点是：
●
乘坐舒适感好；
●
运行噪声低
；
●
效率高；
●
安装电气载荷低；
●
维护方便可靠，无需换油，不存在油泄露；
●
采用外部制动器，便于装配更换；
●
曳引机设置和安装范围广泛。
Characteristics of permanent
–
magnet synchronous
gearless traction machine:
●
Comfortable riding;
●
Low running
noise;
●
High
efficiency;
●
Low
load of electrical devices;
●
Convenient and
reliable maintenance,
without need to
change oil, eliminating
oil leakage;
●
Easy to replace
assembly, with exterior
brake;
●
Wide range of
setting and installation in
traction
machine.
2-4
曳引机制动器（抱闸）
Brake
曳引机制动器最常用的
是电磁式制动器，它由一组弹簧、带有制动衬垫的制动闸瓦、制动
臂以及电磁铁组成，如
图
2-4
所示。当电磁线圈通电时，制动器松闸；当电磁线圈失
电，
U&D ELEV
ATOR ODBO
All rights are
reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is
prohibited without the written consent
of the copyright owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
(CHINA)
电梯基础知识
Lift Know-how
No:
Date:
Page:
Original:
ITSA-TD-2044/01
2004/09/27
8
of
2
-
16
制动闸瓦靠弹簧压紧于制动轮而产生制动力矩。
Composed of springs, brake block with
liner, brake arm and magnet-iron, magnetic brake
is most frequently used in traction
machine, as shown in figure 2-4 .
When magnetic
coil
is
power
on,
brake
will
release;
when
magnetic
coil
is
power
off,
brake
block
will
produce torque, relying on springs
pressed tightly on brake gear.
2-4-1
制动器的作用
Brake
function
制动器的作用有以下两条：
Brake has two functions:
2-4
-1-1
能够使运行中的电梯在切断电源时自动把电梯轿厢掣停住。制动时，电梯的减速
度不应大于限速器动作做产生的或轿厢停止在缓冲器上所产生的减速度。
电梯正常使用时，电梯速度
v
＞
1m/s
的，一般都是在电梯通过电气控制使其减速停止
，然
后再机械抱闸。
In case
of power cut-off, brake can make lift stop
automatically.
When brake
engages,
deceleration of lift should
not exceed that produced by overspeed governor or
needed to
stop car on buffer.
If
lift
is
in
normal
operation
with
speed
of
more
than
1m/s,
lift
is
usually
decelerated
through
electrical control before mechanical brake
engages.
U&D ELEV
ATOR ODBO
All rights are
reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is
prohibited without the written consent
of the copyright owner.
未经许可，不得复制。
(CHINA)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：科技术语的翻译
下一篇：僵尸新娘经典台词全部摘抄中英文