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高中英语语法之动名词
一、含义
动名词兼有动词和名词特征
的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为
v-ing,
动名词具有名词
的
性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词
的时态和语态的基本形式:
(以
write
为例)
时态
语态
主动语态
被动语态
writing
being written
having written
having been written
一般时
完成时
注意:动名词的否定形式是:
not writing
二、动名词的基本用法
1.用作主语
---
常表抽象,或者泛指习惯性的
动作。
Smoking is bad for your
health.
Playing with fire is
dangerous.
Swimming is her
favorite sport.
游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life.
学习对现代生活很重要。
注意:
①
不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别:
不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、一次性
动作,而动名词作主语时经常
表示抽
.......
象动作或习惯性动作。
< br>
Getting up early is a good habit.
To get up early this morning made me
sleepy.
②
动名词作主语,
有时用
it
作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
< br>
It is no use/
good doing...(
做。
。
。没有用
);
It is fun
doing... (
做。
。
。很有趣
);
It is a waste
of time doing... (
做。
。
。是浪费时间
)
等句型中。
例如:
It
’
s no use crying over spilt
milk.(
覆水难收)
It is
fun playing with children.
和孩子们一起玩真好。
1
语法其实只是一些约定俗成的规则,多看几遍,记住就可以
。就这么简单!
It is a
waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。
2.
作宾语
①
作某些及物动词的宾语
常见的动词有
:
advise
,
avoid
,
delay
,
esc
ape
,
excuse
,
enjoy
,
consider
,
finish
,
deny
,
fancy
,
ke
ep
,
mind
(在乎)
postpone
,
pardon
< br>,
practise
,
sugg
est
,
imagine
等。
need
,
want
,
require
后接动名词,表示被
动意义。
如:
Would you mind opening the
door
?请你把门打开好吗?
Fancy meeting you here.
真想不到在这里遇见你。
②
作介词的宾语
He left
without saying good-bye to us.
他没有和我们道别就离开了。
On
arriving at the airport
,
I
saw my mother standing in the
crowd
,
waving to me.
一到机场,我就看见我母亲站在人群中,向我招手。
③
作某些词组的宾语
常见的词组有:
give
up
,
go
on
,
put
off
,
can't
help
,
can't
stand
,
be
worth
,
be devoted
to
,
be accustomed
to
,
be used
to
,
object
to
;
insist
on
,
look forward
to
,
be sure
of
,
be keen
on
,
be fond
of
,
be good
at
,
be tired
of
,
be interested
in
,
be afraid of, cannot help
情不自禁
be
tired of
厌烦做某事
insist on
坚持
depend on/upon
指望,依赖
set
about
着手做
get down
to
着手做
feel like
想要
lead to
导致等。
pay attention to
例:
I'm looking
forward to having the summer holiday in Kun-ming.
我盼望去昆明度暑假。
He gave up smoking several months ago.
几个月前,他戒烟了。
④
某些词组后接动名词作宾语时,可
省略词组中的介词。常见的词组如下:
He spends
hours
(
in
)
< br>reading newspapers everyday.
他每天花数小时阅读报纸。
We
mustn't waste time
(
in
)
arguing.
我们不能浪费时间争论。
The young doctor lacks experien
ce
(
in
)
doing such kind of operation.
那年轻的医生在动这种手术上缺乏经验。
We must stop/prevent the teens (from)
smoking.
我们必须阻止这些十多岁的孩子吸烟。
2
语法其实只是一些约定俗成的规
则,多看几遍,记住就可以。就这么简单!
We had a hard time
(
in
)
finding jobs.
我们一度找工作找得很苦。
They
earn a living
(
by
)
doing housework for other families.
他们为别的家庭做家务来谋生计。
?
trouble
(in)
They
p>
have
(no)
?
speaking
English.
difficulty
?
他们讲英语(没)有困难。
注意:
⑤
不定式也可以做宾语
I
want to study English.
I hope to have
a chance to go abroad.
⑥
有些动词后即可加动名词也可加不定式,区别不大
★
在
p>
begin
,
start
< br>,
continue
后接动名词和不定式都可以,一般情
况下意义相同。
?
?
playing
basketball
last
year.
如:
T
h
ey
started
去年他们开始打篮球。
?
to
play
basketball
last
year.
?
?
但如果碰到以下情况,
begin
和
start
后须用动词
不定式:
(
a
)主语是物:
The milk began to
boil.
牛奶开始煮沸了。
(<
/p>
b
)后接心理活动或状态的动词:
They began to know the danger ahead of
them.
他们开始意识到他们有危险。
(
c
p>
)
begin
和
s
tart
用于进行时态:
They
were starting to have dinner when 1 went in.
我进去时他们刚要吃饭。
(
d
)后接被动式:
The TV tower started to be built
several years ago.
电视塔是在几年前开始建造的。
★
在
nee
d
,
want
,
require
后接动名词和动词不定式的被动式,意义相同,都表示被动,
表示需要被??的意思。如:
.
?
?
repairing
T
he
T
V
se
t
needs
?
这电视机需要修理。<
/p>
to
be
re
paired
.
?
?
< br>?
?
looking
after
.
T
he
child
< br>wants
?
这小孩需要照顾。
?
?
to
be
looked
after.
3
语法其实只是一些约定俗成的规则,多看几遍,记住就可以
。就这么简单!
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