-
汉英翻译常见错误分析
一、汉英翻译错误分析
大自然对人的恩赐
,
无论贫富
,
一律平等。所以人们对于
大自然
,
全部一致并深深地依赖
着。尤
其在乡间
,
上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄
,
酿酒和饮
酒
,
喂牛和挤奶
,
锄草和栽花
;
在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜
,
在节日
到广场拉琴、
跳舞和
唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。
这样
,
每个地方都有自己的传说
,
风俗也就
衍传了下来。
常见错误一:词汇错误
1.
词的理解偏差
2.
词的上下搭配
词汇错误
1
:词义理解偏差
(
< br>大自然的
)
恩赐
:
presents
人,人们
: human
beings
,
men
种植
(
庄稼和葡萄
):plant crops
and grapes
栽
(
花
):
plant flowers
锄草
:get rid of
grass
温馨家园
: warm
houses
,
warm
residences
,
warm family
词汇错误
2
:词的上下搭配错误
< br>
喂牛和挤奶:
牛:
cattle
(牛,总称)
;
< br>bull
(公牛)
;
cow
p>
(母牛)
;
calf
(牛犊)
;
ox
(牛,统称;或公<
/p>
牛)
;
bullock
< br>(阉牛)
;
buffalo
(水
牛)
错译:
feed bulls
and milk cow
(喂公牛和挤母牛的奶)
;
feed oxen and milk
them
;
feed bulls
for milk
词汇错误
2
:词的上下搭配错误
喂牛和挤奶:
改译:使用及物动词,
feed cattle and
milk cows, feed cows and milk them, feed and milk
cows, feed cows for
milk
;使用不及物动词,
feed cattle and
milk, feed cows and milk
词汇错误
2
:词的上下搭配错误
酿酒和饮酒:
酒:
alcohol, wine, liquor,
spirits, beer, whisky
错译:
brew wine and drink
alcohol, brew spirits and drink wine, brew wine
and drink beer
词汇错误
2
< br>:词的上下搭配错误
酿酒和饮酒:
改译:使用使用及物动词,
brew and drink
wine
;使用不及物动词,
brew and drink
词汇错误
2
:词的上下搭配错误
一致并深深地依赖
: depend
deeply and
unanimously
,
depend deeply
and identically
种植
(
庄稼和葡萄
): raise crops and grapes
栽
(
花
):
raise flowers
锄草
: get rid of
grass
温馨家园
: warm family
常见错误二:词语顺序
无论贫富
: poor and
rich
,
whether we are poor or
not
跳舞和唱歌
:dance and sing
常见错误三:语篇错误
1.
逐字翻译,画蛇添足
2.
重复不当,不合习惯
3.
断句不当,割裂语篇
语篇错误
1
:逐字翻译,画蛇添足
例
1
、
在
周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。
原译
:On weekends
they go to church to pray and do religious
services; in holiday they go to
the
square to play musical instruments, dance and
sing.
语篇错误
1
:逐字翻译,
画蛇添足
例
1
、
在
周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。
改
译
:On
weekends
they
go
to
church
,
and
on
holidays
they
enjoy
playing
music
while
singing and dancing in open squares
语篇错误
1
:逐字翻译,画蛇添足
例
2
、
往
日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。
原
译
: Those fields in the past/ of
yesterday are still cozy homelands at present/
nowadays/
of today.
改
译
::Thus their olden homelands remain as
sweet as ever…
语篇错误
2
:重复不当,不合习惯
例
3
、所以
人们对于大自然
,
全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间
,
上千年来人们一直
以不变的方式生活着。
原
译
:S o people all
deeply depend on nature. Especially in the
countryside, people keep
the
unchangeable way of lives for thousands of years.
语篇错误
2
:重复不当,不合习惯
p>
例
3
、所以人们对于大自然
,
全部一致并深深地依赖
着。尤其在乡间
,
上千年来人们一直
以不变的方式生活着。
改译
:That
accounts
for
their
deep-
rooted
attachment
to
her,
especially
in
the
country
where their ways of life have been kept
intact for thousands of years.
语篇错误
3
:断句不当,割裂语篇
例
3
、大自然对人的恩赐
,
无论贫富
,
一律平等。
原译一
:Nature
always
distributes
its
resources
to
human
beings.
And
every
man
gets
equally from it.
原译二
: The gifts
bestowed by nature are equally distributed among
mankind. No matter
one is rich or poor,
he receives the same from nature.
语篇错误
3
:断句不当,割裂语篇
例
3
、大自然对人的恩赐
,
无论贫富
,
一律平等。
改译
: All people
are blessed by nature,rich and poor alike.
语篇错误
3
:断句不当,割裂语篇
例
9
、
尤
其是在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
原
译
一
:Especially
in
the
countryside,
people's
living
patterns
haven't
changed
for
a
thousand
years, and people there still live in the same
life style.
原
译
二
:This
was
especially
true
in
the
country.
There
people
have
been
living
in
an
unchanged way for a
thousand years
语篇错误
< br>3
:断句不当,割裂语篇
例
9
、
尤
其是在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
改
译
:That
accounts
for
their
deep-
rooted
attachment
to
her,
especially
in
the
country
where their ways of life have been kept
intact for thousands of years.
精彩译文
All
people
are
blessed
by
nature,
rich
and
poor
alike. That
accounts
for
their
deep
rooted
attachment to her, especially in the
country where their ways of life have been kept
intact for
thousands of years. They
grow crops and grapes, brew the wine that they
drink, raise cows
for
milk
,
and
weed
their
gardens
for
the
cultivation
of
flowers.
On
weekends
they
go
to
church
,
and on
holidays they enjoy playing music while singing
and dancing in open squares.
Thus their
olden homelands remain as sweet as ever, each with
a unique folklore from which
its
customs have derived.
二、汉英翻译三步策略
什么是句子?
A
sentence
is
a
group
of
words
which,
when
they
are
written
down,
begin
with
a
capital
letter and end with
a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.
Most sentences contain a
subject and a
verb.
一个句子就是一组词,在书面语中,每一个句子
首词的第一个字母大写,句末用句号、
问号或者感叹号;大多数句子有主语和谓语。
p>
结论
1
英语的
句子中,大多数句子都有主语和谓语。那么汉英翻译,只要我们能把汉语转变成
为准确通
顺的英语,就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。
除了主语和谓语之外,当然还有修饰语。
所以,
定主语、找谓语、加修饰
就成了汉英翻译的最简单,
最有效,最不容易犯错误的
方法。
汉英翻译三步策略
定主语——找谓语——加修饰
你知道我们图书馆所订购书籍的数量吗?
定主语:你
you
找谓语:知道数量吗?
know the number?
加修饰:知道书籍的数量,知道图书馆所订购书籍的数量
Do
you know the number of the books ordered by our
library?
英语本身语法非常严谨,逻辑非常严密的特点,所以,在汉英翻译中
,主语的确定就是
成功构建英语句式结构的关键,也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等
的关键。
1.
定主语:
1.1.
确定原文的主语为译文主语
当前,
国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。
At
present,
the
international
situation
is
experiencing
the
most
complicated
and
profound changes since the end of Cold
War.
和平与发展仍然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。
Peace and development are still the two
subjects confronted with people all over the
world.
我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国
家那样过度消费,比如使用过多的空调、私人汽
车、以及随意处理的产品。
We are managing to educate
citizens to avoid the behavior of over-
consumption, such
as the excessive use
of air conditioners, private cars and disposable
products at will.
如今我们有许多不同的选择:除传
统的家常菜以外,还有营养保健配餐和方便可口