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汉英翻译常见错误分析

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2021-02-28 15:37
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2021年2月28日发(作者:连篇累牍)


汉英翻译常见错误分析



一、汉英翻译错误分析



大自然对人的恩赐


,


无论贫富


,


一律平等。所以人们对于 大自然


,


全部一致并深深地依赖


着。尤 其在乡间


,


上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄


,


酿酒和饮



,


喂牛和挤奶


,


锄草和栽花


;


在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜


,


在节日 到广场拉琴、


跳舞和


唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。 这样


,


每个地方都有自己的传说


,


风俗也就


衍传了下来。



常见错误一:词汇错误



1.


词的理解偏差



2.


词的上下搭配



词汇错误


1


:词义理解偏差



(

< br>大自然的


)


恩赐


: presents


人,人们


: human beings



men


种植


(


庄稼和葡萄


):plant crops and grapes



(



): plant flowers


锄草


:get rid of grass


温馨家园


: warm houses




warm residences



warm family

< p>
词汇错误


2


:词的上下搭配错误

< br>


喂牛和挤奶:



牛:


cattle


(牛,总称)


< br>bull


(公牛)



cow


(母牛)



calf


(牛犊)



ox


(牛,统称;或公< /p>


牛)



bullock

< br>(阉牛)



buffalo


(水 牛)



错译:


feed bulls and milk cow


(喂公牛和挤母牛的奶)



feed oxen and milk them



feed bulls


for milk



词汇错误


2


:词的上下搭配错误



喂牛和挤奶:



改译:使用及物动词,


feed cattle and milk cows, feed cows and milk them, feed and milk


cows, feed cows for milk


;使用不及物动词,


feed cattle and milk, feed cows and milk


词汇错误


2


:词的上下搭配错误



酿酒和饮酒:



酒:


alcohol, wine, liquor, spirits, beer, whisky


错译:


brew wine and drink alcohol, brew spirits and drink wine, brew wine and drink beer


词汇错误


2

< br>:词的上下搭配错误



酿酒和饮酒:



改译:使用使用及物动词,


brew and drink wine


;使用不及物动词,


brew and drink


词汇错误


2


:词的上下搭配错误



一致并深深地依赖


: depend deeply and unanimously



depend deeply and identically


种植


(

庄稼和葡萄


): raise crops and grapes



(



): raise flowers


锄草


: get rid of grass


温馨家园


: warm family


常见错误二:词语顺序



无论贫富


: poor and rich



whether we are poor or not


跳舞和唱歌


:dance and sing


常见错误三:语篇错误



1.


逐字翻译,画蛇添足



2.


重复不当,不合习惯



3.


断句不当,割裂语篇


< p>
语篇错误


1


:逐字翻译,画蛇添足





1






周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。



原译



:On weekends they go to church to pray and do religious services; in holiday they go to


the square to play musical instruments, dance and sing.


语篇错误


1


:逐字翻译, 画蛇添足





1






周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。






:On


weekends


they


go


to


church



and


on


holidays


they


enjoy


playing


music


while


singing and dancing in open squares


语篇错误


1


:逐字翻译,画蛇添足

< p>




2






日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。







: Those fields in the past/ of yesterday are still cozy homelands at present/ nowadays/


of today.






::Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever…



语篇错误

2


:重复不当,不合习惯





3


、所以 人们对于大自然


,


全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间


,


上千年来人们一直


以不变的方式生活着。







:S o people all deeply depend on nature. Especially in the countryside, people keep


the unchangeable way of lives for thousands of years.


语篇错误


2


:重复不当,不合习惯





3


、所以人们对于大自然


,


全部一致并深深地依赖 着。尤其在乡间


,


上千年来人们一直


以不变的方式生活着。



改译



:That


accounts


for


their


deep- rooted


attachment


to


her,


especially


in


the


country


where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years.


语篇错误


3


:断句不当,割裂语篇





3


、大自然对人的恩赐


,


无论贫富


,


一律平等。




原译一



:Nature


always


distributes


its


resources


to


human


beings.


And


every


man


gets


equally from it.


原译二



: The gifts bestowed by nature are equally distributed among mankind. No matter


one is rich or poor, he receives the same from nature.



语篇错误


3


:断句不当,割裂语篇





3


、大自然对人的恩赐


,


无论贫富


,


一律平等。




改译



: All people are blessed by nature,rich and poor alike.



语篇错误


3


:断句不当,割裂语篇





9






其是在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。









:Especially


in


the


countryside,


people's


living


patterns


haven't


changed


for


a


thousand years, and people there still live in the same life style.








:This


was


especially


true


in


the


country.


There


people


have


been


living


in


an


unchanged way for a thousand years



语篇错误

< br>3


:断句不当,割裂语篇





9






其是在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。







:That


accounts


for


their


deep- rooted


attachment


to


her,


especially


in


the


country


where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years.


精彩译文



All


people


are


blessed


by


nature,


rich


and


poor


alike. That


accounts


for


their


deep


rooted


attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for


thousands of years. They grow crops and grapes, brew the wine that they drink, raise cows


for


milk



and


weed


their


gardens


for


the


cultivation


of


flowers.


On


weekends


they


go


to


church



and on holidays they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing in open squares.


Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever, each with a unique folklore from which


its customs have derived.


二、汉英翻译三步策略







什么是句子?



A


sentence


is


a


group


of


words


which,


when


they


are


written


down,


begin


with


a


capital


letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a


subject and a verb.



一个句子就是一组词,在书面语中,每一个句子 首词的第一个字母大写,句末用句号、


问号或者感叹号;大多数句子有主语和谓语。



结论


1


英语的 句子中,大多数句子都有主语和谓语。那么汉英翻译,只要我们能把汉语转变成


为准确通 顺的英语,就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。



除了主语和谓语之外,当然还有修饰语。


所以,


定主语、找谓语、加修饰


就成了汉英翻译的最简单, 最有效,最不容易犯错误的


方法。



汉英翻译三步策略



定主语——找谓语——加修饰






你知道我们图书馆所订购书籍的数量吗?



定主语:你



you


找谓语:知道数量吗?


know the number?


加修饰:知道书籍的数量,知道图书馆所订购书籍的数量






Do you know the number of the books ordered by our library?


英语本身语法非常严谨,逻辑非常严密的特点,所以,在汉英翻译中 ,主语的确定就是


成功构建英语句式结构的关键,也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等 的关键。







1.


定主语:



1.1.


确定原文的主语为译文主语






当前, 国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。







At


present,


the


international


situation


is


experiencing


the


most


complicated


and


profound changes since the end of Cold War.





和平与发展仍然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。







Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the


world.






我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国 家那样过度消费,比如使用过多的空调、私人汽


车、以及随意处理的产品。







We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behavior of over- consumption, such


as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will.






如今我们有许多不同的选择:除传 统的家常菜以外,还有营养保健配餐和方便可口

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