-
. <
/p>
前进类（论证
positive
方面常用
）
1.
be supposed to
是在写作和口语考试中都可以
用来替换
should
的美语极常用表达
例句：
In fact, going on a diet
is supposed to
be more than
just eating little. It should also
be
about eating healthily.
2.
hold fast
to
…
这里的
fast
不是“快速地”，而是“坚实地”。这个句型完整的意思是“牢牢地
把握住……”
例句：
In his biography, the
message of perseverance and
holding
fast to
one
’
s
dreams in
the face of adversity is very
strong.
近义：
其实在美语中，
put a premium on/ set
considerable store
(
这里不是指商店<
/p>
)
by/ put
a high
value on / treasure( vt. ) / cherish ( vt.) /
value ( vt.)
也都可以用来表达“珍视”
的意思，没必要总是不停地用
“
put emphasis
on
”
或者
“
attach great importance
to
”
这些每个考生都在使用的表达了。
3.
bear in mind
that
…
牢记……
1
Bear in mind
that the next generation of cell phone
is just around the corner
(
很
例句：
○
快就要到来
).
2
It is important
to
bear in mind
that an
assessment (
评估
)
based on
the data is
○
only a prediction. The
results
are not carved in
stone.
1
be based on
也是新托福作文中很常见的句型，虽然是基础句型，但是出现频率
提示：
○
很高。类似的还有
on the basis of
…
基于……
2
be not carved in stone
这个短语也很常见：“某事不是一成不变的”
○
4.
There
’
s no better
way to
…
than
to
…
……是去做某事的最好方式
例句：
There
’
s no better
way to
connect with and truly
understand the diverse experiences
and
talents
of
students
and
their
families
than
to
be
a
visible
member
of
their
community.
5.
go a long
way
非常有效
例句：
Sincere praise, encouragement and
appreciation
go a long way
—
even just saying
“
thank
you
”
leaves a lasting
impression.
比较：
come a long
way
例句：
In
1958,
the
selling
of
human
beings
was
legal
in
America.
In
January
2009,
an
African American
officially became President of the United States.
The country had
come a long
way.
6.
It
’
s worthwhile
to
…
大家可能更熟悉
be worth
doing sth.
这样的句型，但作文里也经常
会用到<
/p>
worthwhile
这个词
例句：
Before you vote for a certain candidate
in an election,
it
’
s worthwhile
to
find his/ her
true worth.
Word
文档
.
7.
give sb. the
credit for
…
把……归功于某人，相应的美语里还有
take the
credit for
…
例句：
It
’
s generally
recognized that Edward Jenner
should be
given the credit for
defeating
the disease of smallpox.
8.
enable sb. to
do sth. / equip sb. with the ability to do sth.
让某人可以去做……
例句：
Technically, the new bill
enables
the
president
to
shut down the
Internet when major
threats to
cybersecurity are identified.
9.
draw
on
借鉴（经验等）
例句：
As a friend and mentor, she
drew on
humor, a beautiful
spirit and her faith in the
Aboriginal
culture to accomplish her work.
10.
boost
efficiency / productivity
提高
效率
/
生产率
例句：
Automation (
自动化
)
substantially
(
显著地
)
boosts productivity
even though it may
make jobs
even more stressful.
11.
give sb. a
competitive edge
给某人竞争优势
例句：
Foreign language skills
give
people
a competitive
edge
in this age of globalization.
12.
…
is
a
gateway
to
…
……是通向某一目标的途径（还有一个类似的句型叫
is
a
passport
to
…
这里
passport
就不是指护照了）
例句：
Students
’
performance
on
standardized
tests
has
become
a
gateway
to
the
opportunities that lie before a student
when they complete their studies.
13.
enlarge
one
’
s outlook
开阔某人的眼界（那个
broaden
one
’
s horizons
明显已经被用烂
了）
例句：
Encouraging students to study a foreign
language is a way to
enlarge their
outlook
and raise their
cultural awareness.
14.
is a good
vehicle for
…
这里的
vehicle
并不是交通工具，而是承载信息的手段
例句
:
Humor is generally considered
a good vehicle
for cross-
cultural communication.
15.
generate
…
(employment) opportunities
创造（就业）机会
例句
:
International trade
can
generate more employment opportunities
for the domestic
(
国的
) job market.
16.
dedicate A to B
把
A
（金钱、时间、精力等）用到
B
这个
目的上，写作里经常可以用来
代替
spend A on B
例句：
Multibillionaires like Bill Gates and
Richard Branson
have dedicated
colossal (
巨大的
)
amounts of money to humanitarian
initiatives (
人道主义事业
).
类似句型：
Our high
school
is committed
to
recognizing and responding to the needs of the
local community.
Word
文档
.
17.
assume /
shoulder the responsibility
for
…
承担起……的责任，注意这
里的
shoulder
是动
词
例句：
Educators should
assume the
responsibility
for
ensuring that cultural,
language and
learning differences are
addressed in teaching.
18.
be mindful
of
基本就等于“关注……”，写作里用来代替
pay close
attention to
挺不错
例句：
The big companies should
be
more mindful of and sensitive to
the
environmental
needs of the local
communities.
19.
a wealth of
…
在地道英文里这个词组并不是指财富，而是指“大量（有益的东西）”，特
别是当它后面跟一些抽象名词的时候
例句：
The library brightened up the
kids
’
drab lives, offering
them
a wealth of
educational
entertainment and an atmosphere in
which they can enjoy it.
20.
…
is a lifelong process
是持续一生的过程（比如积累好的英文
句子就是！
）
例句：
Learning
has become a
lifelong process,
not just because of
the individual needs,
but also because
of the ever-increasing pressure.
21.
put
…
into
practice
把……投入实践
例句：
Putting
new ideas
into practice
is far more
difficult than having them.
22.
fulfill
one
’
s potential
发挥某人的潜力
例句：
His
management
style
derives
from
(
某种抽象事物来自于……
)
the
belief
that
working under pressure helps employees
fulfill their potential.
近义：
stretch sb. /
make sb. stretch
1
There is no shame in not
meeting all of our goals, as long as our goals
make us
例句：
○
stretch
. For
example, if we want to run a marathon in under
three hours, we
’
ll train
differently than if we want to run it
in four hours
2
My
present
job
doesn
’
t
stretch
me
,
so
I
’
m
looking
for
something
more
○
demanding.
23.
from
within
…
您可能觉得奇怪：怎
么
within
这个介词前面还能再加个
from
？看似简单，
其实这是个十分高端的惯用习语：“来
自心深处”
例句：
When you feel uncomfortable
with your circumstances, listen to yourself, your
own
experiences, your own thoughts and
your gifts
from within
,
which are real and true.
24.
remove the
barrier for
为（交流、发展等）消除障碍
例句：
Machine translation was intended to
help
remove the barrier
for
communication
between people who do not
speak the same language. (
在美语中
help
的后面可以
直接跟其他动词，而且
help sb.
也不加
to do
sth.
，而是加
do sth.)
Word
文档
.
25.
be in tune with
…
与……一致，与……和谐
例句：
Some American scholars argue that John
Dewey
’
s thought
is
thoroughly
in
tune
with
the Asian philosophies.
26.
keep pace
with
…
与……同步发展
例句：
For
the
first
time
in
five
years,
senior
executives
’
salaries
didn
’
t
keep
pace
with
inflation
(
通货膨胀
).
27.
promote the
development of
…
促进……的发展
例句：
The extensive
(
广泛的
) use of English as a
global language has helped
promote the
development of
a host of
(
大量的
) international
grganizations.
28.
raise
people
’
s awareness
of
…
提高人们的某种意识
例句：
The
electronic
media,
therefore,
have
the
obligation
to
help
raise
the
public
awareness of
the crisis.
29.
…
has found one
’
s niche
这是一个特美式的表达
——
找到了属于自己的一片天
地，比如
适合自己的工作或者事业等，或者公司找到了适合自己的定位
< br>
例句：
Chris
has found his
niche
as a high-school baseball coach.
30.
be the cornerstone
of
…
是……的基石
例句：
The strong belief in individualism
has been the cornerstone of
America throughout
its history.
比较：
be the bed
rock of
…
;
例句：
Marriage and children
are
the bedrock of
family life.
31.
be
an
essential ingredient
of
…
是……的必备条件
例句：
The development of new products
is an essential ingredient
of
corporate
（公司的）
success
1
play a pivotal / crucial role
in
在……中起关键作用
近义：○
例句：
Architects
（建筑师）
play a pivotal role in
the
improvement of the modern cityscape
（城市景观）
.
2
A is an essential /
integral/ indispensable part of B.
A
是
B
不可缺少的一部分
近义：
○
1
Over the past
decades, digital technology has emerged
as
an essential part of
our
例句：
○
everyday life at work and
at home.
2
Parents are
an indispensable part
of
preschool education.
○
3
is
part and parcel of
…
是……最核心的部分
近义：
○
例句：
This program
was part and
parcel of
his election campaign.
32.
sharpen one
’
s
intellect
提高某人用知识去分析问题的能力
例句：
Our friends are not all the same: one
friend brings out our athletic side----we run or
Word
文档
.
go to the gym
together. Another
sharpens our
intellect
with debate and discussion.
Yet another is our favorite companion
for going to the movies or out to dinner.
33.
achieve and maintain sth
.
实现并且保持某种状态
例句：
One of the keys to
achieving
and maintaining
a healthy weight is
portion control.
(
注意这
里的
to
为介词
)
34.
be a positive
alternative
…
某事是有益的替代方式
例句：
Clearly, this
is a positive
alternative
for motivated parents and
their children.
对比：
the
mainstream of
…
主流
例句：
Due to the ever-increasing
concern over climate change, environment ideas
have
been
absorbed
(
吸收
)
into
the
mainstream
of
American
politics.
But
what
truly
matters
is
action,
not
talk,
as
President
Obama
aptly
remarked
about
the
Copenhagen Accord.
35.
participate in
参与
例句：
Encouraging kids to
participate in
an organized
sport like soccer, gymnastics, ice
hockey,
or
figure
skating,
is
another
great
way
to
get
them
involved
in
physical
activity.
近义：
take part in
36.
afford
people
the
sense
of
belonging
/
the
sense
of
fulfillment
/
the
sense
of
achievement
给人们归属
感
/
成就感，注意在写作里
affor
d
经常是“提供”的意思
例句：
The sense of belonging
to a
team or a working community also contributes to
job
satisfaction as colleagues help
each other enjoy their working lives.
37.
…
is a main driving force
behind
…
是……的主要推动力
例句：
Competition
has
been
a
main
driving
force
behind
productivity
throughout
the
history of the market-
oriented economy.
38.
reverse the
damage to
…
挽回对……的破坏
例句：
They
’
re constructing
facilities to
reverse
the
flood
damage to
the town.
39.
is
a
perfect
complement
to
…
是对
……的极好补充（注意
complement
的拼写要和
“
compliment
夸奖”区分开）
例句：
This
system
has
the
potential
to
develop
into
a
perfect complement
to
antivirus
software and firewalls.
比较：形
容词
complementary
40.
be
in
accordance
with
与……一致，符合。类似的表达还有
be
in
line
with
和
be
in
keeping
with
例句：
The authorities must ensure that things
proceed
in accordance with
the law.
反义：
be incompatible
with / be at odds with / clash with
Word
文档
.
41.
catch a glimpse
of
…
很快地了解一下某种事物，像中文的“走马观花”
例句：
Visitors to the gallery
caught a glimpse of
the
painters
’
observations and
fantasies.
42.
Integrate /
incorporate
…
into
…
将……结合进……
例句：
This project brought together a group
of teachers who created multimedia learning
objects
that
incorporate
innovative
uses
of
technology
into
the
curriculum
to
enhance students
’
learning and illustrate new ways of thinking.
近义成语：
get the
best of both worlds
很常用的美式表达，酷似中文里的“两全其美”
43.
Give priority to sth.
把……放在优先位置
例句：
The
finite
(
≈
limited)
budget
requires
the
government
to
give
priority
to
the
optimization(
优化
)
of its financial resources.
44.
Inject
…
into
…
把……注入，赋予……
例句：
Even though the word fairness is
somewhat elusive (
飘忽不定的
),
Americans have
managed to
inject
many
meanings
into
it.
45.
Explore every avenue
toward
…
去探索完成……的各种途径
例句：
The American government will
explore every avenue toward
peace in this region.
46.
Awaken the
conscience of society
唤起社会的良
知或者责任感（这个句型看起来很大，
但
yeshiva
很地道而且常用的表达）
例句：
They worked in
Women
’
s Shelter to protect
the battered and abused women, to
awaken the conscience of society
and to arouse compassion
47.
Unravel the
mystery/ the detail of
…
解释清楚本来很难解释的情况
例句：
Life science has not completely
unraveled the mystery of
genes yet.
48.
Far from being
…
<
/p>
完全不是……，新托福作文中多用于正面论证，但偶尔也可用于负面意
思
1
Far from
being
amateurs (
业余爱好者
)
，
these kids
know
the game rules
inside
例句：
○
out
.
Know
…
inside
out:
美语，对……了如指掌
2
The
space
trash
problem
is
far
from
being
solved.
In
fact,
all
efforts
to
bring
○
down space trash have
failed glaringly
and,
ironically
, have led to even
more trash
in the outer space.
fail glaringly:
惨重的失败
…
, ironically,
…
有讽刺意味的是……
49.
Satisfy /
accommodate the needs of
…
大家都知道
accommodation
是住宿，但是您是
否知道它的动词形式还经常用来表达“满足……的需求”的意思呢
？
例句：
We should make sure that
the
needs of
individual
students
’
are
accommodated
and
the
assessment practices are aligned to the learning
process. (be aligned to:
与……
一致
)
Word
文档
.
50.
Are obligated
to
…
有义务去做某事
例句：
In some American universities, graduate
students
are not obligated to
have their
advisor as their
supervisor for their thesis.
51.
Make it a
point to
…
这句可能看起来
很简单，但确实是地道的美语，而且如果能准确用
出来肯定加分：确保去做某事（
=make sure/ ensure
that
）
例句：
Journalists
make it a point
to
know very little about an extremely
wide variety of
topics. This is how we
stay objective.
52.
…
is a milestone/ milepost
in
…
在……的过程中是一个标志性
（或者更严肃地说“是里程碑
似的”）事件，但请注意这个句型并不只限于在新托福作文
里举历史性例子才能使用，
对生活影响较大的事情也同样可以用这个句型。
milestone
英美通用，但
milepost
只有
美语中才用
1
Moving out of his
parents
’
home
was
a milestone in
the
entrepreneur
’
s life.
例句：
○
2
The
bill
is an important
milestone
in preserving American
natural resources.
○
53.
…
is the cradle of
…
是……的发源地
例句：
Boston, or more specifically, Faneuil
Hall, is sometimes referred to as
the
Cradle of
Liberty. (or more
specifically:
或者更具体地说，“句中做手脚”
)
54.
…
take sanctuary in
…
在……中找到避风港
例句：
If I want some peace and
quiet,
I take sanctuary
in
my study, (
注意
quiet
其实也经
常可以作名词使用
)
比较：
Home
is
my
sanctuary
,
the
place
where
I
can
escape
the
world.
But
it
’
s
also
a
convenient, comfortable place to
introduce activity into my lifestyle.
55.
Gain / gather
/ lose momentum
很像中文里的“势”，
相应的这
Sanger
表达就是：
某件事
情的势头更强劲或者势头减弱了
例句：
A
switch
to
renewable
energy
resources
has
been
gaining
momentum
in
many
portions of the Western
U. S. in response to the
environmentalists
’
concerns.
56.
Rise to the occasion
这个表达在写作里酷似中文的“迎难而上”
例句：
Being prepared gives one enough
confidence
to rise to the occasion
and deliver
what he / she
knows best.
57.
Exude confidence / sympathy / an air of
wealth and power
(
某人
)
浑身散发着某种品质
例句
:
FDR was approachable
(
好接近的
) and exuded optimism
and vision.
58.
a labor of love
是指那种发自心心甘情愿地去做的努力
例句：
He did all this as
a labor
of love
. He
didn
’
t need any recognition
for it.
59.
get into the swing of things
去努力熟悉、适应身边的事物
例句：
Don
’
t be too hard
on yourself. Moving to a new country can be really
stressful and
Word
文档
.
it
’
ll take a
while for you to
get into the swing of
things.
倒退类（论证<
/p>
negative
方面常用）
1.
Be
at risk
处在风险中
例句：
If a company cannot keep profits well
above the break-even point, its future
is at
risk
.
1
run the risk
of
…
冒……的风险
近义：
○
2
be in peril
意思接近，但是语气更强，一般是很大的危险
○
3
be at stake,
例如：
○
Thousands of
lives will
be at stake
if
emergency aid (
紧急援助
)
doesn
’
t arrive in
the city soon.
4
put
…
to the test
让……经受考验
○
2.
…
few of us have ever
stopped to think about
…
很少有人去考虑……
例句：
Probably few of us have ever stopped to
think about how
our present-day concept
of time and ways of measuring it came
about.
3.
Be concerned
about
…
对……很关注，担忧
例句：
Canada
is
deeply
concerned
about
losing
its
professionals
to
the
United
States.
Taxes are a big
factor in this
“
brain
drain
”
. But the
average families living in the
United States are not necessarily
better off in teams of disposable income
(
可支配
收入
), than
their Canadian counterparts.
4.
Have a hard
time doing sth
.
很难实现或者完成某事，美
语中极为常用的表达，而且不
仅可以用于口语，新托福写作中也很常用
< br>
例句：
You
’
ll have a
hard time
falling asleep or wake up
earlier than desired if you continue
to
think and worry.
5.
Be at odds
with sth.
与……不符，与……冲突
例句：
Their findings
were at odds
with
the previous research results,
which suggested that
there might be
some problems with the methods used in the
previous experiments.
近义：
动词短语
clash with
sth. / be incompatible with
6.
Be threatened
with
…
受到……的威胁
例句：
Large numbers of animals and plants
are being threatened with
extinction, mainly as
a consequence of
human activities.
比较：
主动形式
pose a threat to
…
对……构成威胁
7.
Abide by /
comply with / conform to
遵守（法律、规定等）
例句：
We
swear
that
we
will
take
part
in
these
Olympic
Games
in
the
true
spirit
of
sportsmanship and that we
will respect and
abide by
the rules which govern them,
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.
for the glory of sport and the honor of
our country.
8.
…
very little, if any,
…
只有很少，如果有的话
例句：
Some
scientists
believe
that
human
activity
has
very
little,
if
any,
impact
on
the
recent warming trend on Earth.
9.
Be
overly dependent / reliant
on
…
对某事过度依赖的
例句：
Technology, originally
intended to
liberate we
humans, has successfully made us
overly
dependent on
it. ( be intended to do
sth. :
被用来实现……的目的
)
10.
Be hard-pressed
to
…
= find it difficult
to
…
例句：
During the Christmas season, people
are hard-pressed to
find a
nice restaurant with
empty seats.
11.
Be in short supply
供应短缺
例句：
In some developing countries, school
classes are very large, ranging from 50 to 100
students and classroom resources
are in short supply.
表示短缺的名词：
lack / shortage /
scarcity / death
12.
Widen the gap
between
…
and
…
加大两者之间的差距
例句：
At
present,
the
technology
available
to
individuals
is
actually
widening
the
gap
between
the rich
and
the
poor rather than narrowing
(narrow
在这里作动词
) it.
反义：
narrow the gap between / bridge the gap
between / close the gap between
13.
In part because
…
/ partly because
…
部分因为……
例句：
In America, those who often move long
distances are generally the kind of people
who
play
the
major
role
in
holding
the
community
together,
in
part
/
partly
because
they are more
confident and have better career opportunities.
14.
Frown on
…
对……皱眉头，反对（当你已经对
oppose
，
object to
这样的阶级斗争大词感
到十分疲惫，
frown on
就会显得平淡是真了）
例句：
Many American citizens
frowned on
the astronomical budget
deficit
(
天文数字的财
政赤字
) of
their government.
15.
If
…
,
…
will ensu
e
如果……，某种结果将跟随而来
例句：
Disasters
will ensue
if
they remain unready like this.
16.
…
hover at high
levels
……居高不下
例句：
The unemployment rate
has
been hovering at historically high
levels
this year.
17.
Be inundated
with sth. / be saturated with sth
.
充斥着……（一般跟负面的东西）
例句：
The upcoming video game will
be saturated with
blood and nudity
(
裸露镜头
).
18.
Be subject
to
…
这里
subject
是形容词，不是学科，而是“经受、遭受……”
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.
例句：
Homeschooled
children
are less subject to
the stress and pressure experienced by
conventional students who spend six,
seven, or eight hours a day with their peer.
19.
A
can be attributed / ascribed to B
A
可以归功于
B
，偶尔也用于正面含义，但多数时
候都用于负面情况。
例句：
Many cases of eating
disorders
can be attributed
to
anxiety or a sense of guilt.
1
A is attributable to B.
A
的根源是
B
近义：
○
2
B is the root
cause of A.
A
的根源是
B
近义：
○
例句：
The population explosion has
been
the root cause of
the
persistent water scarcity (
长
期存在的水短缺
)
。
3
A stems to B
.
A
的根源是
B
近义：
○
例句：
Their disagreement mainly
stemmed from
misunderstanding.
20.
Be susceptible to
容易受到来自……的负面影响
例句：
Children tend to
be more
susceptible to
advertising, especially
when they view the
advertising alone.
21.
Distract sb.
from
…
分散某人的注意力
例句：
There are educational video games that,
instead of
distracting
students
from
their
classes, actually make
students more academically-motivated.
22.
At the
expense of
…
以……为代价
例句：
The economy should not be developed
at the expense of
reckless
depletion
(
不顾后
果的开采
) of
natural resources and degradation of the
environment (
环境的恶化
).
近义：
at the cost of
…
比较：
be sth. down the drain
是白白扔掉的
例句：
You
’
ve already
spent a lot of money fixing your car. Spending
even more will just be
money down the
drain
23.
Run contrary to
与……背道而驰
例句：
Their
arguments
run
contrary
to
the
overwhelming
evidence
that
technology
enhances efficiency in almost all
fields.
24.
Erode the cultural identity / national
pride
侵蚀文化特性
/
民族自豪感
例句：
Extinction
of
native
languages
has
been
eroding
the
cultural
identity
of
Native
Americans.
25.
It
’
s wrong to
equate
…
with
…
把……等同于……是错误的
例句：
It
’
s wrong to
equate
happiness
with
a bigger house or a
bigger bank account.
26.
Be confronted
with sth.
面对挑战、危机、困难等，写作里经常可
以用它来代替
face
这
个大家最爱用
的“面对”
例句：
Today, the American parents
who
are confronted with
a
plethora of (
过量的
) violent
and pornographic
(
的
) TV shows are actually
divided about this issue.
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