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大学英语四级篇章词汇理解
二、篇章词汇理解
1.
篇章词汇理解题型的特点
作为近几年
出现在阅读理解中的新题型———篇章词汇理解，
实际上是介于
阅读理解和完形填
空
之间的
一
种新题
型
，而篇章
词汇
理
解的英语名
称为
“Blanked
Cloze”，属于较高层次的“完形填空”。
四级考试中涉及的文章长
度大约在
200-250<
/p>
词之间，题材多为社会生活、文化、教育、等方面。该题主要
测试
考生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力，要求考生阅读一篇删去若干个
（一般为
10
个词）词语的短文，然后从所给的选项（一般为
< br>15
个）中选择适当的
词语填充，
使原文复原。
另外，
篇章选词填空不考虚词，
只考实词
（名词、
动词、
形容
词、副词等）
。空中所缺词的词性分配情况一般为：
3
个左右名词，
3
个左右
动词，
3
个左右形容词，一个左右副词。而备选答案的
15
个词中，一般有
4
～
5
个
名词，
4
～
5
个动词，
4
～
5
个形容词，
< br>2
个左右的副词。简言之，这个题型最主要
的还是集中考
查了考生的英语基本功，
比如说词性的辨别，
常用搭配的掌握，
以
及上下文的衔接等等。
由于完形填空本身就是综合性的测试，
而篇章词汇理解作为较高层次的
“完形填空”，
无疑是一种综合性的测试，因此，该试题的测试特点便是对考
生从理解文章
的宏观结构，把握文章语篇、语段整体特征诸如连贯性、一致性、
逻辑关系等，
以及对每一个单词在语篇中具体应用的一种综合考查方式。
所以和
以往的阅读理解部分仅有的多项选择相比，
现在测试的难度有所增加，对学生
的要求也有所提高。
2.
学生对篇章词汇理解的作答情况
对于篇章词汇理解这类新型的阅读理解学生的作答情况如何呢？
首先我们
来看一组数据，
目前四级考试
总分为
710
，
阅读理解占
35%
，
而考试题型较之前增
加了快速阅读、篇章词汇和仔细阅读。换句话说，就是四级阅读难度有所增加，
四、
六级考试委员会一项内部阅卷统计也印证了这一点：
阅读部分
标准得分平
均不到
150
（阅读总分<
/p>
249
分）
。虽然阅读理解部分包括了快
速阅读、传统的多项
选择及篇章词汇几个部分，但是从近年来在四级考试学生现场的答题
状况，
以
及平时的教学交流中，
学生均反映在这几种阅读理解中，
难度最大、
最畏惧的就
是篇章词汇理解，所以有的学生选择放弃，有的草草填补几个空白。总的来
说，
目前学生对这种新型阅读理解题型的作答状况不太理想。
3.
应试策略
如上所叙，篇章词汇阅读主要测试考生在语篇、段落层次上对词汇的运用，
考生要时
刻牢记不能孤立地看待每一个空格，要注意联系上下文进行综合分析。
考生可以按照以下
几步巧做篇章词汇阅读。
1
）
快速阅读选项，进行词性分类。
2
）
分析空格所在句子结构，判断所填词的词性和形式。
3
）
根据空格所在句含义及上下文，推测所填词含义和色彩。
4
）
将筛选出的选项带入空格，联系上下文确定答案。
5
）
复读原文，谨慎调整。
专项训练
Reading
Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Directions:
In this section,
there
is a passage
with ten blanks.
You are
required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given
in
a
word
bank
following
the
passage.
Read
the
passage
through
carefully
before making your
choices.
1
In
recent
years,
more
and
more
foreigners
are
involved
in
the
teaching
programs
of
the
United
States.
Both
the
advantages
and
the
disadvantages
1 using foreign faculty in teaching
positions have to be 2, of course.
It
can be said
that the
foreign
background that makes
the
faculty member
from
abroad
an
asset
also
3
problems
of
adjustment,
both
for
the
university
and for the
individual. The foreign research scholar usually
isolates
himself in the laboratory as a
means of protection; 4, what he needs is
to
be
fitted
to
a
highly
organized
university
system
quite
different
from
5
at home. He is faced in his daily work with
differences in philosophy,
arrangements
of
courses
and
methods
of
teaching.
Both
the
visiting
professor
and
his
students
6
a
common
ground
in
each
other’s
cultures,
some concept of
what is already in the minds of American students
is 7
for the foreign professor.
While helping him
to adapt
himself
to his new
environment, the university must also 8
certain adjustments in order to
take
full advantage of what the newcomer can
9
. It isn’t always known
how
to
make
creative
use
of
foreign
faculty,
especially
at
smaller
colleges. This is thought to be a 10
where further study is called for.
The
findings
of
such
a
study
will
be
of
value
to
colleges
and
universities
with foreign
faculty.
(A)field
(B)possess
(C)considered (D)express
(E)offer
(F)create
(G)required
(H)of
(I)emerge
(J)make
(K)lack
(L)however (M)scope
(N)cause
(O)that
2
Nowadays, is it possible to tell a
person’s class just by looking
at
him?
Physical
details
__1__
tell
us
about
health,
diet
and
type
of
work
done. A hundred years ago the working
class very often lookd unhealthy,
small
and were either too thin or too fat. The upper
classes were often
__2__, sporting
types who were used to a good diet and looked
healthy.
Today living and working
conditions have improved, and such __3__ would
no
longer
be
so
clothes
people
choose
to
wear,
however,
do
provide
information about
their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for
the
amount
of
money
spent
on
them.
Expensive
clothes
look
expensive
and
show
their
wearer
had
money.
Clothes
can
provide
other
__5__
as
well.
The
upper
classes
__6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear
good quality
clothes
in
non-bright
colours,
made
of
natural
material
like
wool,
leather
or
cotton. Lower working class people often choose
clothes in bright
colours, made of man-
made material. A sociological explanation for this
would
be
that
color
and
interest
are
mssing
from
their
lives,
and
therefore
any opportunity to
introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a
price
within most people’s reach. New
clothes make the wearer feel good, and
show some __9__ of wealth to the
outside world. Today some new fashions
are
started
by
the
lower
working
class
people
who
want
to
look
__10__
and
feel
important. They want people to look at them.
(A) available
(B)
background
(C) different
(D) tall
(E)
totally
(F) taken
(G) descriptions
(H) degree
(I)
clues
(J) alone
(K) appear
(L) consider
(M) full
(N)
hobby
(O)fetched
3
After
the
violent
earthquake
that
shook
Los
Angeles
in
1994,
earthquake scientists had good news to
report: The damage and death
toll(
死亡人数
) could
have been much worse. More than 60 people died in
this
earthquake.
By
comparison,
and
earthquake
of
similar
__1__
that
shook
America in 1998 claimed 25,000
victims.
Injuries
and
deaths
were
__2__
less
in
Los
Angeles
because
the quake
occurred
a
t
4:31
a.m.
On
a
holiday,
when
traffic
was
light
on
the
city’s
highway.
In
addition,
__3__
made
to
the
construction
codes
in
Los
Angeles
during the last 20 years have
strengthened the city’s buildings and
highways, making them more __4__ to
quakes.
In
the
past,
making
structures
quake-resist-ant
meant
firm
yet
__5__
materials, such as
steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later,
people
tried
to
lift
a
building
off
its
foundation,
and
insert
rubber
and
steel
between
the
building
and
its
foundation
to
__6__
the
impact
of
ground
vibrations. The most __7__ designs give
buildings brains as well as
concrete
and
steel
supports,
called
smart
buildings,
the
structures
respond
like
living
organisms
to
an
earthquake’s
vibrations.
When
ground
shakes
and
the
building
tips
forward,
the
computer
would
__8__
the
building
to
shift
in
the
opposite
direction.
The
new
designs
should
offer
even
greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen
take place.
The
new
smart
structures
could
be
very
__10__
to
build.
However,
they
would save many lives and would be less
likely to be damaged during
earthquakes.
[A]changes
[B]flexible
[C]decrease
[D]recent
[E]push
[F]reduce
[G]relatively
[H]safety
[I]resistant
[J]expensive
[K]force
[L]accordingly [M]intensity
[N]security [O]opposed
4
Americans
are
proud
of
their
variety
and
individualty,
yet
they
love
and
respect few things more than a uniform. Why are
uniforms so __1__ in
the United States?
Among
the
arguments
for
uniforms,
one
of
the
first
is
that
in
the
eyes
of
most
people
they
look
more
__2__
than
civilian(
百姓的
)
clothes.
People
have become conditioned to __3__
superior quality from a man who wears
a
uniform. The television repairman who wears a
uniform tends to __4__
more trust than
one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the
__5__
of
a
garage
mechanic
is
increased
by
a
uniform.
What
an
easier
way
is
there
for a nurse, a
policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__
professional
identity(
身份
)
than
to
step
out
of
uniform?
Uniforms
also
have
many
__7__
benefits. They save on other clothes.
They save on laundry bills. They
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