-
高级英语第二册词汇短语
LESSON
ONE FACE TO FACE WITH HURRICANE CAMILLE
2
LESSON TWO
MARRAKECH
7
LESSON 3 PUB TALK AND THE KING' S
ENGLISH
11
LESSON FOUR
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
15
LESSON
FIVE LOVE IS A FALLACY
17
LESSON SIX
DISAPPEARING THR0UGH THE SKYLIGHT 35
LESSON SEVEN
THE
LIBIDO FOR THE UGLY
38
LESSON EIGHT
THE
WORKER AS CREATOR OR MACHINE
42
LESSON NINE
THE
ONES WHO WALK AWAY FROM OMELAS
45
LESSON TEN THE SAD YOUNG MEN
49
LESSON TWELVE THE
DISCOVERY OF WHAT IT MEANS TO BE AN AMERICAN
LESSON THIRTEEN
IN FAVOR OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
60
LESSON FOURTEEN
LOVING AND HATING NEW YORK
6
8
58
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Lesson One Face to Face with Hurricane
Camille
Joseph P
. Blank
词汇:
hurricane (n.): a violent
tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more
miles per hour
,
often
accompanied by torrential
rains
,
and originating
usually in the West Indian
region
飓风
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
lash (v.): move quickly or
violently
猛烈冲击;拍打
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated
blows
,
esp
.
with the fist(
尤指用拳头
)
连续地打
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
course (n.): a
way of behaving
;
mode 0f
conduct
行为;品行;做法
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
demolish (v.): pull
down
.
tear
down
,
or smash to pieces (a b
uilding
,
etc
.
)
,
destroy
:<
/p>
ruin
拉倒;打碎;拆毁;破坏;毁灭
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
motel
(n.):a
hotel
intended
primarily
for
those
traveling
by
car,
usually
with
direct
access
from each room to an
area for cars
汽车游客旅馆
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner
or speech
;
harsh and throaty<
/p>
;
hoarse
粗暴的,粗鲁
的;粗哑的。嘶哑的
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
batten (n.):
fasten with battens
用压条钉住
(
或固定
)
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
methodically (adv.): orderl
y
,
systematically
有
秩序地;有条理地
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
main (n.): a principal
pipe, or line in a distributing system for water,
gas, electricity, etc(
自来
水,煤气
,电等的
)
总管
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
bathtub (n.): a
tub
,
now usually a bathroom
fixture
,
in which to take a
bath
浴盆,浴缸
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
generator (n.): a machine for changing
mechanical energy into electrical energy
;
dynamo
发
电机,发动机
p>
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
scud (v.): run or move
swiftly
;
glide or skim along
easily
疾行,飞驰;掠过
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
mattress (n.): a casing of strong cloth
or other fabric filled with cotton
,
hair
,
foam rubber
,
etc
.床垫;褥子
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
pane (n.):a single division of a window
,
etc.
,
consisting of a sheet of glass in a
frame
;
such
a
sheet of glass
窗格;窗格玻璃
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
disintegrate (v.): separate into parts
or fragments; break up
;
disun
ite
分裂,分解,裂成碎
块
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
blast (n.): a strong rush of(air or win
d)
一股
(
气流
)
;一阵
(
风
)
---------------------------------------
------------------------------
douse (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly
into liquid
;
drench; pour
liquid over
把?浸入液体里;
使浸透;泼液体在?
上
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
brigade (n.): a group of people
organized to function
。
。
“
unit in some work(
组织起
来执行某
种任务的
)
队
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
scramble (v.): climb
,
crawl
,
or
clamber hurriedly
爬行;攀
(
登
)
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
litter (n.):
the young borne at one time by a
dog
,
cat or other animal
which normally bears
several young at a
delivery(
狗、猫等多产动物
)
一胎生下的小动物
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
shudder (n.):
shake or tremble suddenly and
violently
,
as in horror or
extreme
disgust
震颤,
战栗
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
ferocity (n.): wild force or cruelty
;
ferociousness
凶猛;凶恶,
残忍;暴行
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
swipe (n.):a
hard
,
sweeping blow[
口
]
猛击,重击
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
maroon (av.): leave abandoned
,
isolated
,
or
helpless
使处于孤立无援的处境
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
devastate (nv.):
destroy
;
lay
waste
;
make desolate
毁坏
,
摧毁;使荒芜
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
swath (n.): the space or width covered
with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device
刈幅
(
挥动镰刀所及的面积
< br>)
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
huddle (v.): crowd
,
push
,
or nestle close
together
。
as cows do in a sto
rm(
如风暴中的牛群
)
挤成一团;拥
挤;互相紧贴
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
slashing (a.):
severe
;
merciless
;
violent
严厉的;猛烈的
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
implore (v.): ask or beg earnestly;
beseech
恳求,哀求,乞
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
bar
(v.): a vertical line across a
staff
,
dividing it into
measures
;
a measure
小节线
(
五线谱上
的纵线把五线谱分
成小节
);
小节
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
trail (v.):grow gradually weaker
,
dimmer
,
less
direct
,
etc
.渐弱;渐小;
渐暗
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
debri
(
复:
debris )(n.): a
rough
,
broken bit and piece
of a stone
,
wood
,<
/p>
glass
,
etc
.
,
as after
dest
ruction
:
rubble
碎片,
瓦砾
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
sanctuary (n.): a place of
refuge or protection
:
asylum
避难所,庇护所
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
cedar
(n.):
any
of
a
genus
of
widespreading
coniferous
trees
of
the
pine
family
,
having
clusters of needlelike
leaves
,
cones, and durable
wood with a characteristic fragrance
雪松<
/p>
(
属
)
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
extinguish
(v.): put out(a fire
,
etc
.
)
;
quench<
/p>
;
smother
熄灭
< br>(
火等
)
,灭
< br>(
火
)
;扑灭
< br>
waver
v. swing or sway
to and fro
;
flutter
摇摆;摇晃;摇曳
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
topple (v.):
fall top forward
;
lean
forward as if on the point of
falling
向前倒;摇摇欲坠
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
lean
—
to (n.): a
roof with a single slope
,
its
upper edge abutting a wall or
building
;
a shed
with a one
—
slope
roof
单坡
屋顶;单坡屋顶的棚
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
prop (v.): hold
up
,
support or hold in place
with or as with a
prop
支撑;维持;支持
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
tilt (v.): aslope
;
incline
;
slant
;
p>
tip
倾斜;倾侧;翘起
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
cower (v.): crouch or huddle
up
,
as from fear or cold(
因害怕或寒冷而
)
蜷缩;退缩
< br>
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
slant (v.):incline or turn from a
direct line or course, esp, one that is
perpendicular or level
;
slope
(
使
)
倾斜;
(
使
)
变歪
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
hinge (v.): equip with or attach by a h
inge
靠铰链转动
(
或附着
)
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
diminish (v.): reduce in
size. degree
,
importance, etc
.
;
lessen
使变小;减少,缩减
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
thrust (n.): a
sudden
,
forceful push or
shove
猛推
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
strew
(v.):
spread
about
here
and
there
by
or
as
by
sprinkling<
/p>
:
scatter
.
be
scattered
or
dispersed over(a surface)
撒
p>
(
布
)
;散播;被
撒满
(
表面
)
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
festoon (v.): adorn or hang with
flowers, leave, paper, etc
.饰以
(
或悬挂
)
花彩,结彩于
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
coil (v.): wind around and
around
成卷状;盘绕
?
卷
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
spaghetti (n.):
paste
in
the
form
。
f
long
,
thin
strings,
cooked
by
boiling
or
steaming
and
served with a
sauce
细条实心面
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
salvation (n.): a saving 0r being saved
from danger, evil
,
difficulty
,
destruction
。
etc
.
;
rescu
e
救助
?
拯救;援救
< br>
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
canteen (n.):a place where cooked food
is dispensed to people in
distress
,
as in a disaster
p>
area(
在灾区给灾民分配熟食的
)
p>
赈灾处
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
staffer (n.): a
member of a staff
职员
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
rake (v.): scrape or
sweep
;
move forward
swiftly
掠过;急速穿过;迅速向前移动
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
rampage (v.): rush violently or wildly
about
横冲直撞
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
pitch (v.):
[colloq] set to work energetically[
口
]
拼命干起来,开始大干特干
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
wreckage (n.): the remains of something
that has been wrecked
残骸;漂浮物
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
salvage (v.): save or rescue from
shipwreck, fire
,
flood, etc
p>
.雷救
?
抢救;打捞
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
wrath (n.): intense anger
;
p>
rage
;
fury
愤怒;暴怒;勃然大怒
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
the blues:
[colloq]a depressed
.
unhappy
feeling[
口
]
沮丧;忧郁
p>
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
afflict (v.):cause pain or suffering
to
;
distress very much
使痛苦,使苦恼.折磨
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
weld (v.): unite(pieces of metal
,
etc
.
)by
heating until molten and fused or until soft
enough
to hammer or press
together
焊接;熔接
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
reflect (v.): think seriously
;
contemplate
认真思考;沉思
< br>
短语:
reason out: to find out an
explanation or solution to a
problem
,
by thinking of all
the possibilities
寻找解决途径
例:
Let
’
s reason this out instead of quarrelli
ng
.让我们不要争吵,商量出事情的解
决方案
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
a good: at least
,
full
至少,最少
例:
They waited a
good eight hours
他们等了至少
8
个小时。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
sit out: stay
until the end of
坐到结束
例:
We forced
ourselves to sit the play
out
.我们强迫自己坐到演出结束。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
come by: to make a short visit to a
place on one
’
s
way
顺便拜访
例:
I
’
ll
come by the house and get my stufflater
,
OK?
我会顺便过来取材料,好吗
?
p>
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
by
the minute: every
minute
,
minute by
minute
一分钟一分钟地
例:
I
’
m
feeling better by the
minute
.我每分钟都感觉好多了。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
on the verge of: on the edge
of
,
on the brink
of
接近于,濒临于
例:
Scientists are on the
verge of a major breakthrou
曲.
科学家们即将取得一项重大
突破。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
break apart:
break up into
piecesdisintegrate
裂开,分裂解散
例:
The grounds
broke apart in
earthquake
.地面在地震时裂开了。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
break up: to break or make sth break
into many small pieces
分裂
例:
The ice will break up when
the warm weather comes.
天气转暖,冰层就会破裂。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
come through:
to continue to live
,
exist
,
be
strong
,
or succeed after a
difficuh or dangerous
time
经历
过??仍活着,经历,脱险
例:
John was so iu but he was
lucky to come through
.约翰病得很厉害,依然活着算
是很幸运的了。
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
pitch in: to set to work
energetically
拼命于起来,开始大干特干
例:
If we pitch
in
,
we will have it finished
in no time
.我们如果拼命干活,就会马上
做完
p>
Lesson Two
Marrakech
George Orwell
词汇:
thread (v.) : pass through by twisting<
/p>
,
turning
,
or weaving in and out
穿过,通过
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
pomegranate (n.) : a round fruit
with a red
,
leathery rind and
many seeds covered with red
,
juicy
,
edible
flesh
;
the bush or small tree
that bears it
石榴;石榴树
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
chant (n.) : a simple liturgical
song in which a string of syllables or words is
sung to each tune(
礼
拜仪式唱的
)
单调的歌
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
bier (n.) : a platform or portable
framework on which a coffin or corpse is
placed
棺材架;
尸体架
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
hack (v.) : break up(1and)with a
hoe
,
mattock
,
etc
.
(
用锄等
)
翻地,挖
(
土
p>
)
----------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
oblong (adj.) : longer
than broad
;
elongated
< br>长方形的
--------
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------
lumpy (adj.) :
full of lumps
;
covered with
lumps
多块状物的;凹凸不平的
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
hummocky (a.) : full of or looking like
low
,
rounded
hills
布满小丘的;似小圆丘的
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
derelict (adj.) : deserted by the owner
;
abandoned
;
forsaken
无主的;被遗弃的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
lot (n.) : a plot of
ground
一块地
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
undifferentiated (adj.) : without clear
qualities or distinctive characteristics
无区别的;无显著特
点的
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
mound (n.) : a heap or bank of earth
,
sand
,
etc
.
built over a
grave
,
in a fortification
,
etc
.土
堆;堤;
坟堆
-------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
prickly (adj.) :
full of prickles
多刺的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
prickly pear : any of a genus of
cactus plants having cylindrical or large
,
flat
,
oval stem
joints and
edible fruits
仙人掌<
/p>
(
属
)
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
bumpy (adj.) : full of bumps
;
rough
;
jolting
崎岖不平的;颠簸的;震摇的
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
gazelle (n.) : any of various small
,
swift
,
gra
ceful antelopes
瞪羚
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
hindquarter (n.) : either of the
two hind legs and the adjoining loin of a carcass
of veal
,
beef
,
lamb
,
etc
.<
/p>
;
[p1.]the hind part of a
four
—
legged
animal(
牛、羊、猪等
的
p>
)
后腿肉;
[
复<
/p>
](
四肢
动物的
)
后躯
-
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
nibble
(v.) : take small
,
cautious
p>
,
or gentle bites
小口地
咬;谨慎地咬
(
啃
)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
butt (v.) : strike or push with
the head or horns
:
ram with
the head(
用头或角
)
撞击;
顶撞
-------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
mid
—
air (n.) :
any point in space
,
not in
contact with the ground or other
surface
空中;上空
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
navvy (n.) : n unskilled
laborer
,
as on canals
< br>,
roads
,
etc
.劳工;无特殊技术的工人
----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
sidle (v.) : move sideways
,<
/p>
esp
.
in a shy or
stealthy manner(
羞怯或偷偷地
)
侧身行走
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
stow (v.) :
pack or store away
;
fill by
packing in an orderly way
装载;
装进;
收藏
municipality n
.
a
city
,
town.
etc
.
having its own
incorporated government for local affairs
自治市
(
或镇
)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
ghetto (n.) : (in certain
European cities)a section to which Jews were
formerly restricted(
某些欧
洲城市中从
前的
)
犹太人居住区
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
sore (adj.) : giving or feeling
physical pain
;
painful
疼痛的;感到疼痛的
--
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
skull
—
cap (n.) :
a light
,
closefitting
< br>,
brimless
cap
,
usually worn indoors(
室内戴的
)
无沿便帽
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
infest (v.) : overrun or inhabit
in large numbers
,
usually so
as to be harmful or
bothersome
;
swarm in or over(
虫害等
)
侵扰;骚扰;蔓延
--------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------
booth (n.) : a stall for
the sale of goods
,
as at
markets or fairs(
市场或集市上的
)
货摊;摊店,摊
棚
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
prehistoric (adj.) : pertaining to
ancient times
,
very old-
fashioned
老式的;古旧的
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
warp (v.) : become bent or twisted out
of shape
变弯曲;变歪
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
frenzied (adj.) : full of uncontrolled
excitement
疯狂的,狂乱的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
clamour (v.) : make a loud
confused noise or shout
;
cry
out
喧嚷,喧嚣,吵闹
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
grope (v.) : feel or search about blind
ly
,
hesitantly
,
or uncertainly
摸索;探索
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
self-contained
(adj.)
:
having
within
oneself
or
itself
all
that
is
necessary
;
self-
sufficient
,
as
a
community
自给自足的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
witchcraft (n.) : the power or
practices of witches: black magic
;
sorcery
巫术;魔法
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
square (adj.[colloq.]) : satisfyi
ng
;
solid
;
< br>substantial[
口
]
令人满意的;充实的
------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
conspicuous
(adj.) : attracting attention by being unexpected<
/p>
,
unusual
,
outstanding
惹人注目的,
显眼的
---------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------
grove (n.) :
orchard
果园
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
legionnaire (n.) : a member of a
legion
军团的成员
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
back
—
breaking
(adj.) : requiring great physical
exertion
;
very
tiring
费劲的;辛苦的,累人的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
desolate (adj.) : uninhabited
;
deserted
荒无人烟的,荒凉的
------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------
lucerne (n.) : a type of
plant whose leaves grow in groups of three and
which is used for feeding
farm
animals
紫花苜蓿
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
fodder (n.) : gorse food for cattle
,
horses
,
sh
eep
,
etc. as
cornstalks
,
hay and straw(
牛、马、
羊的
)
粗饲
料;饲草
-----------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------
yoke (v.) : put a
yoke on
;
join together
;
link
用轭连起;连合;连结
------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------
harrow (n.) : a heavy frame
with spikes or sharp
—
edged
disks
,
drawn by a horse 0r
tractor and
used for breaking up and
leveling plowed
ground
,
covering
seeds
,
rooting up weeds
,
etc
.耙
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
furrow (n.) : a narrow groove
made in the ground by a
plow
沟,畦;犁沟
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
trickle (n.) : the act of
trickling
;
a
slow
,
small
flow
滴,淌;细流
;
---
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------
subsoil
(n.) : the layer of soil beneath the surface
soil
底土,下层土,
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
mummify (v.) : shrivel or dry
up
干瘪;枯干;成木乃伊状
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
hobble (v.) : go unsteadily
,
haltingly
,
etc
.蹒跚
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
leathery
(adj.) : 1ike leather in appearance or texture.
tough and flexible(
外观或质地
)
似皮革的;
坚韧的,粗硬的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
infuriate (v.) : cause to become
very angry
;
enrage(
使
)
发怒,激怒
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
damnably (adv.) :
execrably
该诅咒地;极坏地
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
packsaddle (n.) : a saddle with
fastenings to secure and balance the load carried
by a pack animal
驮鞍
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
bridle (n.) : a head harness for
guiding a horse
马勒
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
halter (n.) : a rope
,<
/p>
cord
,
strap
< br>,
etc
.
,
< br>usually with a headstall
,
for tying or
leading an animal
;
a bitless
headstall
,
with or without a
lead rope
缰绳;
(
马
)
笼头
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
gut (n.[usu
.
in
p1.]) : the bowels
;
entrails[
常用复
]
内脏
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
plight (n.) : condition or state
of affairs
;
esp
,
p>
now, an awkward
.
sad
,
or dangerous situation
情
况;状态;
(
现尤指<
/p>
)
苦境;困境或险境
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
gall (v.) : injure or make sore
by rubbing
;
chafe
擦
伤,擦痛;磨
---------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
stork (n.) :
any of a family of large
,
lon
g
—
legged
,
< br>mostly old
—
world wading
birds
.
having a long
neck and bill
,
and
related to the herons
鹳
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
reach-
me
—
down
(adj
.
[colloq.]) :
second
—
hand or ready
< br>—
made(
衣服
)
用旧的;别人用过的;
现成的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
khaki (adj.) : made of khaki(clot
h)
卡其
(
布
)
制的
-
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
squash
(v.) : force one
’
s way
;
squeeze
挤进,挤入
-------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------
slump (v.) : have a drooping
posture or gait
低头弯腰
(
< br>而行
)
;消沉
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
inquisitive (adj.) : inclined to
ask many questions or seek
information
;
eager to
learn
好询问的;
好奇的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
syphilis (n.) : an infectious
venereal disease
,
caused by a
spirochete and usually transmitted by
sexual intercourse or acquired
congenitally
梅毒
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
garrison (n.) : troops stationed in a
fort or fortified
place
驻军;卫戍部队
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
charger (n.) : a horse ridden in battle
or on parade
战马
,
军马
短语:
square meal:
a complete and satisfying
meal
美餐丰盛的、令人满足
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
in a cloud:
a large number of small things moving
through the air as amass
一团
例:
a
cloud of locusts
一群蝗虫
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
get at:
to approach or
reach
到达,得到
例:
You have to
use a little ladder to get at the jars on the top
shelves
.
你得使用一把
小梯才
可以拿到架子上面的坛子。
---
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------
next door
to:
almost the
same as
几乎
例:
Leaving a man
to die is next door to
murder
.让一个人等死无异于谋杀。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
in this connection:
while speaking of such
things
关于这一点,就此而论
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
it doesn
’
t matter
twopence:
it
doesn
’
t matter a
bit
无关紧要
例:
It
doesn
’
t matter twopence if
he doesn
’
t accept the
invita-
tion
.他接不接受
邀请都不要紧。
Lesson 3 Pub Talk and the
King' s English
词汇
(Vocabulary)
intricate
(adj)
:
hard
to
follow
or
understand
because
full
of
puzzling
parts
,
p>
details
,
or
< br>relationships
错综复杂的;难以理解的,难懂的
< br>
-----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---------
indulge (v.) : give way to
one
’
s own
desire
尽情享受;从事于
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
meander (v.) : wander aimlessly or idly
;
ramble
漫步;闲逛
--------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------
conversationalist
(n.)
:
a
person
who
conver
ses
;
esp
.
,
one
who
enjoys
and
is
skilled
at
conversation
交谈
者;
(
尤指
)
健谈者
------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
anecdote (n.) : a
short
,
entertaining account
of some happening
,
usually
personal or
biographical
轶事,逸事
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
intimate (n.) : a close friend or
companion
密友,知己
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
on the rocks
[colloq
.
] : in or
into a condition of ruin or catastrophe (
婚姻
)
破坏的;失败的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
musketeer (n.) : (formerly)a
soldier armed with a
musket
火枪手
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
delve (v.) : investigate for informatio
n
;
search
发掘;调查
(
研究
)
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
recess (n.) : a secluded
,
withdrawn
,
or inner
place
幽深处
----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
desultorily (adv.) :
aimlessly
;
at
random
随意地;无目的地
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
alchemy (n.) : an early form of
chemistry
,
whose chief aims
were to change baser metals into
gold
:
a method or
power of transmutation; esp. the seemingly
miraculous change of a thing into
something
better
炼金术;变化物质的方法或魔力
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
tart (adj.) : sharp in taste
;
sour
;
acid<
/p>
辛辣的;尖酸的;刻薄的
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
convict (n.) : a person found guilty of
a crime and sentenced by a
court
罪犯
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
churl (n.) : a farm laborer
;
peasant
农民;庄稼人,乡下人
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
rift (n.) : an open break in a
previously friendly
relationship
分裂;失和
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
scamper (v.) : run or go
hurriedly or quickly
急驰,快跑
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
rendering (n.) : a
translation
翻译
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
bilingual (adj.) :
of
,
in or using two languages
(
用
)
两种语言的
------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------
intercept (v.) : seize or stop
on the way
,
before arrival at
the intended place
拦截;截断;截击。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
abuse (v.) : use
wrongly
;
use
insulting
,
coarse or bad
language
;
scold
harshly
滥用;辱骂,口
出恶言
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
coin (v.) : make up
;
p>
devise
;
invent(a new
word
,
phrase
,
etc
.
)
编造;杜撰<
/p>
(
新词、新短语等
)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
tussle (v.) : fight
,
p>
struggle
,
contend
,
etc
.
vigo
rously or vehemently
斗争,搏斗;竞争
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
dandelion (n.) : any of several
plants of the composite
family
,
common lawn weeds
with jagged
leaves
,
often used
as greens
,
and yellow flowers
蒲公英
(
属
)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
pejorative (adj.) : disparaging
or derogatory
轻蔑的;贬低的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
facetious (adj.) : joking or
trying to be jocular
,
esp
.
at an imappropriate time
滑稽的;诙谐的;
(
尤指在不适当的时候
)
开玩笑的
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
underling (n.) : a person in a
subordinate
position
;
inferior disparagin
g(
通常作蔑词
)
下属;
---------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------
edict (n.) : an official
public proclamation or order issued by authority
p>
;
decree
法令;命令;布
告
--------
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------
immune (adj.)
: exempt from or protected against something
disagreeable or
harmful
不受影响
的;可避免的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
ultimatum (n.) : a final offer or
demand
,
esp
.
by one of the parties engaged in
negotiations
,
the
rejection
of
which
usually
leads
to
a
break
in relations
and
unilateral
action
,
the use
of
force
etc
.
by the party
issuing the ultimatum
最后通牒
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
chimpanzee (n.) anthropoid ape of
Africa
,
with black hair and
large
,
outstanding ears(
非洲
)
黑猩
猩
--------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------
短语
(Expressions)
make a point:
explain fully
what one is proposing
充分解释
例:
All fight
,
you
’
ve made your
point
;
now keep quiet and let
the others say what they
think
.好啦,你已经把话说清楚了;那就别说了,让别人谈谈看法。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
in a flash:
suddenly
,
very
quickly
转瞬间,立刻
例:
Just wait here
.
I
’
u
be back in a
flash
.就在这儿等我,我马上就回来。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
on the rocks :
(colloq
.
)in or
into a condition of ruin or catastrophe(
婚姻
)
破坏的,失败的
例:
Tim
’
s marriage is
on the rocks
.提姆的婚姻亮起了红灯。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
get out the bed on the wrong
side:
to be
cross or grouchy
早晨起来便心情不好
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
lay down :
to assert or
declare
声明,颁布
例:
The
regulations lay down a rigid procedure for
checking safety equipment
.法令
规定了一套严格的安检程序。
--
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
on wings
:
in
flight
;
continually moving
about
像飞一样地,飘飘然
例:
The birds are
on wings in the
sky
.鸟儿在空中展翅高飞。
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
turn up one
’
s
nose at :
to
sneer at
,
scorn
嘲笑,
轻蔑
例:
The children turned up their noses at
my home cooking
.孩子们嘲笑我的厨艺。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
in the shoes of :
in
another
’
s
position
站在别人的立场上,设身处地
例:
I
’
m glad
I
’
m not in his shoes with
all those debts to pay off
.我庆幸不用像他
那样去偿还所有的债务。
------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------
come
into one
’
s own :
to receive what properly
belongs to one
,
esp
.
acclaim or recognition
得到自己
该得的东西,如荣誉或世人的口碑
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
sit up
:
(colloq
.
)to
。
become
suddenly alert
;
be surprised
or startled
吃惊,警觉
例:
I called her a
damned hypocrite and that made her sit up
.我骂她惺惺作态,她
马上警觉起来。
Lesson Four Inaugural
Address
词汇:
inaugural (adj.) : of an inauguration
p>
就职
(
典礼
)
p>
的
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
signify
(v.) : be a sign or indication of
;
mean
表明;意味
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
almighty (adj.) : having unlimited powe
r
;
all
—
powerful
有无限权力的;全能的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
forebear (n.) : an ancester
祖先,祖宗
-------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
prescribe (v.) : set down as a rule or
direction
;
order
;<
/p>
ordain
;
direct
命令;指示;规定,订立
------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------
generosity (n.) : the quality of being
generous
慷慨;宽宏大量
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
heir (n.) : person who appears to get
some trait from a predecessor or seems to carry on
in his
tradition
继承者;后嗣
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
foe (n.) : enemy
;
opponent
敌人
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
undoing (n.) : the act of bringing to r
uin
,
disgrace
,
or destruction
毁灭;破坏
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
at odds : in disagreement
< br>;
quarreling
意见不一致;有争执
--------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------
asunder (adv.) : into
parts or pieces
分成碎片;分散
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
prey (n.) : a person or thing
that falls victim to someone or
something
牺牲品;掠夺品
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
subversion (n.) : a subverting or being
subverted
.
ruin
颠覆
(
活动
)
;破
坏
--------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------------
sovereign (adj.) :
independent of all
others
独立自主的
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
outpace (v.) : surpass
;
exceed
在速度上超过;胜过
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
invective (n.) : a violent verbal
attack
.
strong
criticism
,
insults, curses,
etc.; vituperation
抨击;
辱骂,谩骂
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
shield (n.) : any person or thing
that guards
,
protects
< br>,
or defends; protection
保护
人;防护物;
保护
----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
writ (n.) : a formal legal document
ordering or prohibiting some
action
命令;律令;文书;传票
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
adversary (n.) : a person who
opposes or fights against another; opponent
;
enemy
对手,
反对者;
敌手,敌方
-------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
anew
(adv.) : again
重新,再
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
unleash (v.) : release from or as
from a leash(
解开皮带以
)
释放
-----------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------
engulf (v.) :
swallow up
;
overwhelm
吞没,淹没,压倒
----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
civility (n.) :
politeness
.
esp. in a merely
formal way
礼貌,客气
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
belabor (v.) : talk about at
unnecessary length
唠唠叨叨地反复讲
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
formulate (v.) : put together and
express (a theory
.
plan
,etc.)a systematic way
系统地阐述
(
或提
出
)(
理
论、计划等
)
---------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
tap (v.) : draw
upon
;
make use
of
开发、发掘
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
heed (v.) : pay close attention
to
;
take careful notice
of
注意
,
留神,留心
-------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
beachhead (n.) : a position established
by invading troops on an enemy
shore
;
a position gained
as a secare starting point for any acti
on
;
foothold
滩头堡,登陆
场;立足点
----------
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
endeavor (n.) :
an earnest attempt or
effort
努力,尽力
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
testimony (n.) : any form of
evidence
,
indication. etc.
;
proof
证明,证据
------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------
embattle (v.) : [
常用
于被动语态
]prepare
,
arr
ay
,
or set in line for battle
使准备战斗,
使严阵以
待
---------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------
tribulation (n.) : great
misery or distress, as from
oppression
;
deep
sorrow
苦难;困苦;忧伤
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
forge (v.) : move forward
steadily
,
as if against
difficulties; form
;
produce(<
/p>
似乎迎着困难
)
稳步前
< br>进;形成;结成
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
alliance
(n.) : a close association for a common objective
as of nations
,
political part
ies
,
etc
.联
< br>盟,联合,同盟
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
短语:
at issue :
in dispute
;
to be
decided
;
at
variance
;
in
disagreement
意见不一致
例:
What is at issue is the extent to which
exam results reflect a
student
’
s ability.
意
见的分歧之处在于考试对于学生能力的影响程度。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
at odds :
in disagreement
;
q
uarrelling
;
antagonistic
意见不一致,有争执
例:
IHe was at
odds with his
colleagues
.他与同事意见不合。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
east off :
to discard
;
abandon
;
disown
< br>丢弃,摆脱
例:
A haven of
tranquility where you can cast off the strains and
stress of life
.
一个可
以摆脱生活重负的宁静港湾
--
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
beyond
doubt :
certainly
毫无疑问
例:
She was beyond doubt one of the finest
swimmers in the school
.毫无疑问,她
在学校里游泳游得最棒。
Lesson Five Love is a Fallacy
Max Shulman
词汇
(Vocabulary)
fallacy (n.) : a false or mistaken idea
,
opinion
,
< br>etc.
;
error
谬论,谬
见;错误
-----------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------
enterprising
(adj.) :full of energy and
initiative
;
willing to
undertake new projects
有进取心的;
充满首创精神的;有胆量的
---
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------
unfetter
(v.) : free from
fetters
;
free from restraint
of any kind
;
liberate
< br>除掉?的脚镣;解放;
使获得自由
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
limp (adj.) :1acking or having
lost stiffness
;
flaccid
;
drooping
,
wi
lted
柔软的
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
flaccid (adj.) : hanging in loose folds
or wrinkles
:
soft and limp
;
flabby
不结实的;松驰的;松
软的
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
spongy
(adj.) :of or like a
sponge
;
soft and porous
海绵
(
状
)
的;柔软有弹性的
---
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------
pedantic
(adj.) : of or like a
pedant
迂腐的,书呆子气的
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
trauma (n.) :a painful emotional
experience
,
or
shock
.
often producing a
lasting psychic effect and
sometimes a
neurosis(
精神
)
心灵创伤<
/p>
----------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
calculating (adj.) :
shrewd or cunning. esp. in a selfish way
;
scheming
精明的;
(
p>
尤指
)
专为自己
打
算的;有算计的
--------
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------
perspicacious
(adj.) :having keen judgement or
understanding
;
acutely
perceptive
聪颖的;敏锐
的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
astute (adj.) : having or showing
a clever or shrewd mind
:
cunn
ing
;
crafty
;
wily
聪明的,敏锐
的;精明的;狡猾的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
dynamo (n.)
:generator
发动机
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
scale (n.) : either of the shallow
dishes or pans of a
balance
秤盘;天平盘
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
penetrating (adj.) :sharp
;
p>
piercing
锐利的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
scalpel
(n.)
:
a
small
< br>,
light
,
straigh
t
knife
with
a
very
sharp
blade
,
used
by
surgeons
and
m
anatomical
dissections
解剖刀,手术刀
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
faddist (n.) :a person who
follows fads
赶时髦的人
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
fad
(n.) :
a
custom
,
< br>style
,
etc
.
that
many
people
are interested
in
for
a
short
time
;
passing
fashion
;
craze
< br>一度时髦的风尚,风行一时的东西;一时的狂热
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
craze (n.) :something that is currently
the fashion
;
fad
一时
的风尚;风行一时的东西;时髦
-
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
acme
(n.) : the highest
point
;
point of
culmination
顶点,极点
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
appendicitis (n.) :inflammation of the
vermiform appendix
阑尾炎
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
laxative (n.) : any laxative
medicine
;
mild
cathartic
轻泻药;通便剂
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
raccoon (n.) :a small
,
tree
—
climbing, chiefly
flesh
—
eating
mammal
浣熊
----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
mumble (v.) : speak or say indistinctly
and in a low voice
;
mutter
喃喃地说;含糊地说
------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------
temple (n.) :either of the flat
surfaces alongside the
forehead
,
in front of each
ear
太阳穴,鬓角
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
incredulous (adj.) : unwilling or
unable to believe; doubting
;
skeptical
不相信的;怀疑的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
unsanitary (adj.) :not
clean
;
harmful to
health
不卫生的;对健康有害的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
shed (v.) : shed a natural growth
or covering
,
as hair(
< br>毛发等
)
脱落
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
unsightly (adj.) :not
sightly
;
not pleasant to look
at
;
ugly
不美观的;难看的;丑
陋的
-------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
swim (n.) : current
fashion
潮流,时髦/砌
the swim
conforming to the current
fashion
赶时髦
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
gear (n.) :a specific adjustment 0f a
toothed wheel(
汽车等的
)
排挡
-----------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------
narrowly (adv.) :
closely
;
carefully
;
thoroughly
仔细地;严密地
-------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------
attic (n.) :the room or space
just below the roof of a
house
;
garret
顶楼,阁楼
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
covet (v.) : want
ardently
;
long for with
envy
垂涎;觊觎
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
cerebral (adj.) :appealing to the
intellect rather than the emotions
;
intellectural
理智的;
凭理智<
/p>
行事的
--
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
pin
—
up
(adj.[colloq
.
]) :
designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness
makes her a subject for the
kind of
pictures often pinned up on walls[
口
](
女子
)
其照片可供
倾慕者钉在墙上的
-------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------
proportions
(n.) :1ines
;
shape of the
body
线条;身材
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
making (n
.
[often
in p1
.
]) : the material or
qualities needed for the making or development of
something[
常用复
]
素质;内在因素
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
carriage (n.) :conduct
;
behaviour
;
posture
行为;举止;姿态
-
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
bearing
(n.) : way of carrying and conducting oneself
:
carriage
;
m
anner
举止,风度,姿态
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
breeding (n.) :good upbringing or train
ing
良好的教养
(
或培养
)
-------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
exquisite (adj.) : very
beautiful or lovely
,
esp
.
in a delicate or carefully
wrought
way
优美的,高
雅的,精致的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
specialty (n.) :an article
characterized by special
features
,
superior
quality
,
novelty,
etc
.特产;
特制品
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
gravy (adj.) : the juice given
off by meat in cooking
肉汁,调味汁
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
dipper (n.) :a
long
—
handled cup or similar
container for
dipping
长柄杯或类似容器
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
sauerkraut (n.) :chopped cabbage
fermented in a brine of its own juice with
salt
泡菜
------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------
veer
(v.) :change direction
:
shift
;
turn or swing
around
改变方向;转向;变向
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
gamy (adj.) :having a
strong
,
tangy flavor like
that of cooked game
;
strong
in
smell
有猎物气味
的;气味强烈的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
Holy Toledo adj.[colloq.]) :excel
lent[
口
]
好极了
----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------
reverent (adj.) :feeling
。
showing
,
o
r characterized by
reverence
恭敬的;虔诚的
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
greasy (adj.) :smeared with or
containing grease
涂
(
或含
)
有油脂的;油污的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
pelt (n.) :the skin of a
fur
—
bearing
animal
,
esp. after it has
been stripped from the
carcass
毛皮;
生皮
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
canny (adj.) :careful and shrewd
in one
’
s actions and
dealings
;
clever and cautious
谨慎的;机
警的;精明的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
waif (n.) :a person without home
or friends
,
esp
.
p>
a homeless child
流浪汉;无家可归者;
(
尤
指
)
流浪儿
-------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------
swivel (v.)
:turn on
旋转
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
wax (v.) :grow gradually
larger
;
increase in strength<
/p>
,
lntensity
,
volume
.
ere
.渐渐
变大;增加
----------
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
wane (v.)
:become
.
1ess intense
< br>,
strong
,
bright
,
etc
.变弱;减少
----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------
kick (n.[colloq.])
:pleasure
高兴,兴奋
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
loom (v.)
:appear
,
or come in sight
indistinctly
隐约出现
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
dimension (n.) :extent
,
size
,
or degree}scope
p>
体积,容积,面积;范围,规模;方面
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
tryst (n.) :an appointment to meet at a
specified time and place
,
esp
。
one made secretly by
lovers
约会;幽会
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
wince (v.) :shrink or draw back
slightly
,
usually with a
grimace
.
as in
pain
,
embarassment, etc
.
(
因
疼痛、窘迫等
)
畏缩;退缩
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
tug (v.) :pull hard
;
< br>drag
;
haul
用力拉,拖
,拖曳
------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
desist (v.) :cease
;
stop
;
abstain
停止
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
contrite (adj.) :feeling deep sorrow or
remorse for having sinned or done wrong
;
penitent
懊悔
的;忏悔的<
/p>
----------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
premise (n.) :a
previous statement or assertion that serves as the
basis for an argument(
尤指逻
辑
p>
)
前提
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
chirp (v.) :speak in a
lively
,
shrill
way
嘁嘁喳喳地说
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
deposit (v.)
:put
,
lay or set
down
放下,搁下
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
glum (adj.) :feeling or looking gloomy<
/p>
,
sullen
忧郁的,闷闷不乐的
p>
-----------------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------
ember
(n.[usu
.
in p1.]) :the
smoldering remains of a fire[
常用复
]
余烬
,
余火
----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------
smolder (v.) :burn and smoke
without flame
;
be consumed by
slow combustion
闷烧;熏烧
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
fraught (adj.) :filled
,
charged
,
or
loaded
充满?的;蕴含?的
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
blubber (v.) :weep loudly, like a child
(
小孩般
)
大声哭
------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------
analogy (n.) :an explaining of
something by comparing it point by point with
something
similar
类
比
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
brief (n.) :a concise statement
of the main points of a law
case
,
usually filed by
counsel for the
information of the
court
诉讼摘要;辩护状
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
blueprint (n.) :a photographic
reproduction in white on a blue
background
,
as of
architectural or
engineering plans(
建筑或工程设计用的
)
蓝图
------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------
hypothesis
(n.)
:an
unproved
theo
ry
,
proposition
,
p>
supposition
,
etc
.
tentatively
accepted
to
explain certain facts or
to provide a basis for further investigation
,
argument
,
et
c
.假设;前提
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
yummy (adj.) :[echoic of a sound made
in expressing pleasure at a
taste][colloq
.
]very tasty
;
delectable
;
< br>delicious[
表示享受美味的象声词
][
口
]
美味的,可口的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
chunk (n.) :a
short
,
thick
piece
,
as of meat
,
wood
,
etc
.一厚块
(
肉、木头等
)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
pitchblende (n.) :a brown to
black lustrous mineral
,
the
massive variety of
uraninite
沥青铀矿
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
fracture
(v.[Am
.
slang]) :cause to
react with enthusiasm[
美俚
]
使着迷
----
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
gurgle
(v.) :make a bubbling sound in the
throat
,
as a contented baby d
oes(
婴儿高兴时
)
发咯咯
声
-------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------
notorious
(adj.) :widely but unfavorably known or talked
about
声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
indignation
(n.)
:anger
or
scorn
resulting
from
injustice,
ingratitude,
or
meanness;
righteous
anger
愤慨,义愤
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
exultant (v.) :exulting
;
triumphant
;
jubi
lant
狂欢的;欣喜的;兴高采烈的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
hamstring (v.) :disable by
cutting a hamstring
;
lessen
or destroy the power or effectiveness of
割
断?的腿腱以使残废;削弱
(
或破
坏
)
?的力量
(
或功能
)
----------
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
cretin (n.) :a
person suffering from
cretinism
;
a stupid
person
愚侏病者;白痴,傻瓜
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
let
—
up (v.) :a
slackening or lessening
。
as
of effort
;
a stop or pause
放松
(
努力
)
;中止,休止
-
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
chink
(n.) :a narrow opening
;
crack
;
fissure
;
< br>slit
缝隙;裂口
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
grueling (adj.) :extremely tiring
;
exhausting
折磨人的;使人筋疲力竭的
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------
well
—
heeled
(adj.) :[slang]rich
;
prospero
us[
俚
]
有钱的,富有的
--------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------
fashion (v.) :shape
;
mold
塑造;做成
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
constellation (n.) :the part of
the heavens occupied by a number of fixed
stars
星座;星宿
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
languish (v.) :lose vigor and
vitality
;
become
weak
变得萎靡不振;倦怠
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
hollow
—
eyed
(adj.) :having deep
—
set eyes
or dark areas under the
eyes
,
as from sickness or
fatigue(
由于生病或疲倦
)
眼窝凹陷的,有黑眼圈的
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
hulk (n.) :an abandoned wreck or
shell
废船
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
surge (v.) :have a
heavy
,
violent swelling
motion
;
move in or as in a
surge
汹涌澎湃
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
perspiration (n.)
:sweat
汗
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
wag
(v.) :cause something to move rapidly and
repeatedly back and
forth
,
from side to
side
,
or up
and
down
摇摆。摇动
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
bellow (v.) :cry out loudly, as in
anger or pare
。
(
由于
愤怒或疼痛
)
大声叫
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
reel (v.) :give way or fall back<
/p>
;
sway
,
w
aver, or stagger as from being
struck
倒退,退缩;站立
不稳
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
infamy (n.) : very bad
reputation; notoriety; disgrace;
dishonor
臭名昭著;丢脸,耻辱;不名誉
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
turf (n.) :a surface layer of
earth containing grass plants with their matted ro
ots
;
sod
草皮;草地
--------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------
modulate (v.) :vary the
pitch, intensity, etc.(of the voice), to a lower
degree
使(声音)转调,是
声音变低
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
knot-head (n.[slang]) :a
foolish
,
stupid
person
笨蛋,痂汉
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
jitterbug (n.) :a dance for
couples
;
esp. in the early 19
40
’
s
,
i
nvolving fast
,
acrobatic
movements
to swing
music
’
[fig]an emotionally
unstable person(
尤指
20
< br>世纪
40
年代的
)
吉特巴舞;
[
喻
]
变
化无常的人
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
短语
(Expressions)
nothing
upstairs :
(Am
.
slang)empty-
headed
;
a
nitwit
没头脑的,愚笨的
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
in the swinl :
conforming to the current
fashion
赶时髦
例:
She is always
involved in the
swim
.她总是追求时髦。
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
get one
’
s hands
on :
to obtain
sth
.得到,获得
例:
They all want
to get their hands on my
money
.他们都觊觎我的钱。
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
go steady :
to date someone of the opposite sex
regularly and exclu-
sively
.
be sweethearts
约
会,成为关系确定的情侣
例:
When did you
go steady with
her?
你和她是什么时候确定恋爱关系的
?
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
out of the picture :
not considered as involved
in a situation
不相干的,不合适的
例:
“
Is Pam still with Eric?
”
“
No
,
he
’
s out of the pictur
e.
”
“帕姆还在跟埃里克
在一起吗<
/p>
?
”
“没有,他们已经互不相干了。
p>
”
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
get at :
seem to be
saying sth
.
that other people
d0 not completely un-
derstand
暗示
例:
What exactly
are you getting at?
你到底在暗示什么
?
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
have
?
at
one
’
s finger tips :
to be
completely familiar with
;精通
例:
We
have all the facts and figures at our fingers
.我们已经掌握了所有的事实和
数字。
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
go far :
to accomplish
much
:
achieve much success
成功,大有前途
例:
Ginny
’
s a smart
girl
.
and
I
’
m sure
she
’
u go far
.吉尼是个
聪明的姑娘,我
相信她会成功的。
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
knock out :
to elicit enthusiasm or an emotional re
sponse
,
esp
.
deep sympathy or
laughter
使高兴,使情绪激动
例:
The music was just brilliant it really
knocked me out
.这音乐太美妙了——它真
让我
激动。
------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
fire away :
begin;start;
talk or ask questions
开始谈话或提问
例:
“
I
have some
question.
”
“
Fire a
way.
”
“我有问题。
”
“请问。
”
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
hammer away(at) :
t0 keep emphasizing or
talking about
一再强调
例:
He
kept hammering away at his demand for a public inq
uiry
.他一再强调需要进
行公众调查。
------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------
month of Sundays :
(colloq
.
)long
time
很久,很长的时间
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
课文翻译:
查尔斯.兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人,他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和
《梦中的孩子》
无拘无束、自由奔放。实在令人难忘。下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更
加自由
奔放。实际上,用“自由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切,或许用“柔
软”
、
“轻
松”或“轻软而富有弹性”
更为恰如其分。
尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类,
但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。
它提出了论点。
引用了许多
例证,并得出了结论。卡菜尔能写得更好吗
?
罗斯金呢
?
这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、
清新、
富于关感和激情,
并给人以
启迪。诸位不妨一读。
——作者注
我这个
人头脑冷静,逻辑思维能力强。敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是
我的特点。
我的大脑像发电机一样发达,
孳化学家的天平一样精确,像手术
刀一样锋利。一
一你知道吗
?
我才十八
岁呀。
年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。
就拿在明尼苏达大
学跟我同住一个房间的
皮蒂
?
伯奇来说
吧,他跟我年龄相哆’经历一样,可他笨得像头驴。小伙子长得年轻漂亮,
可惜脑子里却
空空如也。
他易于激动,情绪反复无常,容易受别人的影响。
最
糟的是他爱赶
时髦。我认为,赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。见到一
q9
种新鲜的东西就跟着学,以为别
人都在那么干,自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来,简直愚蠢至极,但皮蒂却不以为然。
< br>
一天下午我看见皮蒂躺在床上,脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表
情,我立刻断定他是得
了阑尾炎。
“别动,
”我说,
“别吃泻药,我就请医生来。
”
< br>
“浣熊,
”他咕哝着说。
p>
“浣熊
?
”我停下来问道。
“我要一件浣熊皮大衣,
”他痛苦地哭叫着。
我明白
了,他不是身体不舒服,而是精神上不太正常。
“你为什么要浣熊皮大衣
?
”
“我本早该知道,
”他哭叫着,用拳头捶打着太阳穴,
“我早该知道查尔斯登舞再度流行
时,浣熊皮大衣也会时兴起来的。我真傻,钱都买了课本,可现在不能买浣熊皮大衣了。
”
我带着怀疑的眼神问道:
“你是说人们真的又要穿浣熊皮大衣吗
?
”
p>
“校园里有身分的人哪个不穿
?
p>
你刚从哪儿来
?
”
p>
“图书馆,
”我说了一个有身分的人不常去的地方。
他从床上一跃而起,
在房间里踱来踱
去。
“我一定要弄到一件浣熊皮大衣,
”
他激动地说,
“非弄到不可
!
”
p>
“皮蒂,你怎么啦
?
冷静地想一想吧,浣熊皮大衣不卫生,掉毛,味道难闻,既笨重又
不好看,而且
??
“你不懂,
”他不耐烦地打断我的话
。
“这就叫时髦。难道你不想赶时髦吗
?
”
“不想,
”我坦率地回答。
“好啦
,
我可想着呢
!
”
他肯定地说。
“只要有浣熊皮大衣,
要我什么我都给,
p>
什么都行
!
”
我的大脑一一这件精密的仪器一一即刻运转起来。
我仔细地打量着他,
问道:
“什么都
行
?
”
p>
“什么都行
!
”他斩钉截铁地说。
我若有所思地抚着下巴。
好极了,<
/p>
我知道哪儿能弄到浣熊皮大衣。
我父亲在大学读书时
就穿过一件,
现在还放在家里顶楼的箱子里。
恰好皮
蒂也有我需要的东西。
尽管他还没有弄
到手,但至少他有优先权
。我说的是他的女朋友波利
.
埃斯皮。
我早已
钟情于波利埃斯皮了。
我要特别说明的是,
我想得到这妙龄少女
并不是由于感情
的驱使。
她确实是个易于使人动情的姑娘。
p>
可我不是那种让感情统治理智的人,
我想得到波
利是经过了慎重考虑的,完全是出于理智上的原因。
我是法
学院一年级的学生,过不了几年就要挂牌当律师了。我很清楚,一个合适的妻
子对一个律
师的前途来说是非常重要的。我发现大凡有成就的律师几乎都是和美丽、文雅、
聪明的女
子结婚的。波利只差一条就完全符合这些条件了。
她漂亮。
尽管她的身材还没有挂在墙上的美女照片那么苗条,
但我相信时间会弥补这个
不足。她已经大致不差了。
她温文
尔雅——我这里是指她很有风度。
她婷婷玉立,落落大方,
泰然
自若,
一眼就看
得出她很有教养。她进餐时,动作是那样的优美
。我曾看见过她在“舒适的校园之角”吃名
点——一块夹有几片带汁的炖肉和碎核桃仁的
三明治,
还有一小杯泡菜——手指儿一点儿也
没有沾湿。
她不聪明,
实际上恰好相反。但我相信有我的指导,
她会变得聪明的。
无论如何可以试
一试,使一个漂亮的笨姑娘
变得聪明比使一个聪明的丑姑娘变得漂亮毕竟要容易些。
“皮蒂,
”我说,
“你在跟波利谈恋爱吧
?
”<
/p>
“我觉得她是一个讨人喜欢的姑娘,
”
他回答说,
“但我不知道这是不是就叫做爱情。
你
问这个干吗
?
”
“你和她有什么正式的安排吗
?
p>
我是说你们是不是常有约会,或者有诸如此类的事情
?
”
我问。
“没有,我们常常见面。但我们俩
各自有别的约会。你问这个干嘛
?
”
p>
“还有没有别人使她特别喜欢呢
?
”我问道
。
<
/p>
“那我可不知道。你问这些干吗
?
”
p>
我满意地点点头说:
“这就是说。如
果你不在,场地就是空着的。你说是吗
?
”
“我想是这样。你这话是什么意思
?
”
p>
“没什么,没什么,
”我若无其事地说,接着把手提皮箱从壁橱里拿
了出来。
“你去哪儿
?
”皮蒂问。
“回家
过周末。
”我把几件衣服扔进了提箱。
“听着
,
”他焦急的抓住我的胳膊说,
“你回家后,从你父亲那儿弄点
钱来借给我买一件
浣熊皮大衣,好吗
?
”
“也许不仅只是这样呢。
”我神秘地
眨着眼睛说,随后关上皮箱就走了。
星期一
上午我回到学校时对皮蒂说:
“你瞧
!
”我猛地打开皮箱,那件肥大、毛茸茸、
散发着怪味的东西露了出来,这就是我父亲
p>
1925
年在施图茨比尔凯特汽车里穿过的那一件
< br>浣熊皮大衣。
“太好了
!
”皮蒂恭敬的说。他把两只手插进那件皮大衣,然后把头也埋了进去。
“太好
啦
!
”他不断地重复了一二十遍。
“你喜欢吗
?
”我问道。
p>
“哦,喜欢
!
”他高声叫着,把那满是油腻
的毛皮紧紧地搂在怀里。接着他眼里露出机
警的神色,说着:
“
你要什么换呢
?
”
“你的女朋友,
”我毫不讳言地说。
p>
“波利
?
”他吃惊了,结结巴巴地说,
p>
“你要波利
?
”
“是的。
”
p>
他把皮大衣往旁一扔,毫不妥协的说:
“那可不行。
”
我耸了
耸肩膀说:
“好吧,如果你不想赶时髦,那就随你的便好了。
”
我在一把椅子上坐了下来,假装读
书,暗暗地瞟着皮蒂。他神情不安,用面包店窗前
的流浪儿那种馋涎欲滴的神情望着那件
皮大衣,
接着扭过头去,
坚定地咬紧牙关。
过了一会
儿,他又回过头来把目光投向那件皮大衣,脸上露出更加渴望的神情。
p>
等他再扭过头去,已
经不那么坚决了。
他看
了又看,
越看越爱,
慢慢地决心也就减弱了。
< br>最后他再也不扭过头去,
只是站在那儿,贪婪地盯着那件皮大衣。
“我和波利好像不是在谈恋爱,
”<
/p>
他含含糊糊地说。
“也说不上经常约会或有诸如此类的
事情。
”
“好的,
”我低声地说。
p>
“波利对我算得了什么
?
我对波利又算得了
什么
?
”
“只不
过是一时高兴
-----
不过是说说笑笑罢了,如此而已。
p>
”
“试试大衣吧。
”我说
“他照
办了。衣领蒙住了他的耳朵,
下摆一直拖到脚跟。
他看起
来活像一具浣熊尸体。
他高兴地说:
“挺合身的。
”
p>
“我从椅子上站了起来。
“成交了吗
?
p>
”我说着,把手伸向他。
他轻易
地接受了。
“算数.
”他说,并跟我握了握手。
第二天晚上,我与波利第一次约会了。这一次实际上是我对她
的考察。我想弄清要作
多大的努力才能使她的头脑达到我的要求。我首先请她去吃饭。<
/p>
“哈,这顿饭真够意思,
”离
开餐馆时她
说。然后我请她去看电影。
“嘿,这片子真好看,
”走出影院时
她说。最后我送她
回家。和我道别时她说:
“嘿,今晚玩得真痛
快。
”
我带着
不大痛快的心情回到了房间。我对这任务的艰巨性估计得太低了。这姑娘的知
识少得叫人
吃惊。
只是给她增加知识还不够,
首先得教她学会思考。
这可不是一件容易的事,
当时我真想把她还给皮蒂算了。
但我一想到她那充满魅力的身材,
她那进屋时的模样,
她那
拿刀叉的姿式,我还是决定再作一番努力。
p>
就像做其他的事情一样,我开始有计划地干了起来。我开始给她上辑课。幸好我是一
个学法律的学生,
我自己也正在学逻辑学,
所以
对要教的内容我都很熟悉。
当我接她赴第二
次约会时,我对她说
:
“今晚上咱们去‘小山’谈谈吧”
。
“啊,
好极了,
”她回答道。对这姑娘我要补充一句的是,像她这么好商量的人是不多
见的。
我们去了“小山”
,这是校园里人们
幽会的地方。我们坐在一棵老橡树下,她用期待的
眼神看着我。
“我们谈些什么呢
?
”她问。
她想了
一会儿,觉得不错,便说:
“好极了。
”
“
逻辑学,
”我清了清嗓了,
“就是思维的科学。在我们能正确地
思维之前,首先必须学
会判别逻辑方面的常见谬误。我们今晚就要来谈谈这些。
”
“哇<
/p>
!
”她叫了起来,高兴地拍着手。
我打了
个寒噤,
但还是鼓足勇气讲下去:
“
首
先我们来考究一下被称为绝对判断的谬误。
”
“好呀
!
”她眨了眨眼,催促着。
“绝对判断指的是根据一种无条件的前提推出的论断。譬如说,运动是有益的,因此人
人
都要运动。
”
“不错,
”波利认真地说,
“运动是非常有益的,它能增强体质,好处太多了
!
”
“波利,
”我温和地说,
“这种论点是谬误。运动有益是一种无条件的前提。比方说,假
设你得了心脏病,运动不但无益,反而有害,
有不少人医生就不准他们运
动。你必须给这种
前提加以限制。你应该说,一般来说运动是有益的。或者说,对大多数
人是有益的。否则就
是犯了绝对判断的错误,懂吗
?
”
“不懂,
”她坦率地说。
“这可太有意思了,讲吧
!
往下讲吧
!
”
p>
“你最好别拉我袖子了,
”我对她说。等她松了手,我继续讲:
p>
“下面我们讲一种被称为
草率结论的谬误。你仔细听:你不会讲法语
,我不会讲法语,皮蒂也不会讲法语。因此我就
会断定在明尼苏达大学谁也不会讲法语。
”
“真的
?
”波利好奇的问道,
“谁也不会吗
?<
/p>
”
我压住
火气。
“波利,这是一种谬误,这是一种草率的结论。
能使这种
结论成立的例证
太少了。
”
p>
“你还知道其他的谬误吗
?
”她气喘吁吁地
说:
“这真比跳舞还有意思啦
!
”
p>
我极力地使自己不灰心。我真拿这姑娘没办法,的确是毫无办
法。
可是,
如果我不坚持
下去,我就太
没有用了。因此,我继续讲下去。
“现在听我讲讲‘牵强附会’的谬误。听着:我们不要带比尔
出去野餐。每次带他一起
去,天就下雨。
”
“我就见过这样的人,
”她感叹地说。
“我们家乡有个女孩,名叫尤拉
?
蓓克尔。从没有
例外,每次我们带她去野餐??”
“波利
,
”我严厉地说,
“这是一种谬误。下雨并不是尤拉蓓克尔造成
的,下雨与她没有
任何关系。如果你责怪尤拉
?
蓓克尔,你就是犯了牵强附会的错误。
”
p>
“我再也不这样了,
”她懊悔地保证说。
“
你生我的气了吗
?
”
我深深地叹了一口气:
“不,波利,我没生气。
”
p>
“那么,给我再讲些谬误吧
!
”
“好,让我们来看看矛盾前提吧。
”
p>
“行,行,
”她叽叽喳喳地叫着,两眼闪现出快乐的光芒。
我皱了皱眉头,
但还是接着讲下去。
“这里有一个矛
盾前提的例子:
如果上帝是万能的,
他能造出一块连他自己也搬
不动的大石头吗
?
”
“当然能,
”她毫不犹豫地回答道。
“但是
如果他是万能的,他就能搬动那块石头呀,
”我提醒她。
“是嘛
!
”她若有所思地说,
“嗯,我想他造不出那样的石头。
”
“但他是万能的啊,
”我进一步提醒她。
她用手
抓了抓她那漂亮而又空虚的脑袋。
“我全搞糊涂了,
”她承认说
。
“你确实糊涂了。因为一种论点
的各个前提相互问是矛盾的,
这种论点就不能成立。如
果有一种
不可抗拒的力量.就不可能有一种不可移动的物体;如果有一种不可移动的物体,
就不可
能有一种不可抗拒的力量。懂吗
?
”
“再给
我讲些这类新奇的玩意儿吧,
”她恳切地说。
我看了
看表,说:
“我想今晚就谈到这里。我现在该送你回去了。你把所学的东西复习
一遍,我们明晚上再来上一课吧。
”
p>
我把她送到了女生宿舍,
在那里她向我保证说这个晚上她过得非常痛
快。
我闷闷不乐地
回到了我的房间,
皮
蒂正鼾声如雷地睡在床上。
那件浣熊皮大衣像一头多毛的野兽扒在他的
< br>脚边。我当时真想把他叫醒,告诉他可以把他的女朋友要回去。看来我的计划会要落空了。
这姑娘对逻辑简直是一点儿都不开窍。
但是我回过头一想,既然已经浪费
了一个晚上,不妨还是再花一个晚上看看。天晓得,
说不定她头脑里的死火山口中的什么
地方,
还有些火星会喷射出来呢。
也许我会有办法能把
这些火星扇成熊熊烈焰。当然,成功的希望是不大的,但我还是决定再试一次。
< br>
第二天晚上我们又坐在那棵橡树下,我说:
“今晚上我们要谈的第一种谬误叫做文不对
题。
”
她高兴得都发抖了。
“注意听,
”我说。
“有个人申请工作,当老板问他所具备的条件时,他回答说他家有妻
子和六个孩子。妻子完全残废了,孩子们没吃的,没穿的,睡觉没有床,生火没有煤,眼看
冬天就要到了。
”
两滴眼
泪顺着波利那粉红的面颊往下滚。
“
啊,
这太可怕了
!
太可怕了
!
”
她抽泣着说。
“
p>
是
的,是太可怕了,
”我同意地说。
“但这可不成其为申请工作的理由。
那人根本没有回答老板
提出的关于他的条件的间题,反而祈求老板的同情。他犯了文不对题的错误。你懂吗
!
”
“你带
手帕了没有
?
”她哭着说
我把手
帕递给她。当她擦眼泪时,我极力控制自己的火气。
“下面,
”
我小心地压低声调
说,
“我们要讨论错误类比。这里有一个例子
:应该允许学生考试时看课本。既然外科医生
在做手术时可以看
X
光片,
律师在审案时可以看案由,
木
匠在造房子时可以看蓝图,
为什么
学生在考试时不能看课本呢<
/p>
?
”
“这个
,
”她满怀激情地说,
“可是我多少年来听到的最好的主意。<
/p>
”
“波利,
”我生气地说,
“这种论点全错了。医生、律师和木匠并不是以参加考试的方式
去测验他们所学的东西。
学生们才是这样。
情况
完全不同,
你不能在不同的情况之间进行类
比”
。
“我还是觉得这是个好主意,
p>
”波利说。
“咳
!<
/p>
”
我嘀咕着,
但我还是执意地往下讲,<
/p>
“接下去我们试试与事实相反的假设吧。
”
波
利的反应是:
“倒挺好。
”
“你听着:如果居里夫人不是碰巧
把一张照相底片放在装有一块沥清铀矿石的抽屉里,
那么世人今天就不会知道镭。
”
“对,
对
,
”
波利点头称是。
“你看过那部影片
吗
?
哦,
真好看。
沃尔特
?
皮金演得太好了.
我
p>
是说他让我着迷了。
”
p>
“如果你能暂时忘记皮金先生,
”我冷冰冰地说,
< br>“我会愿意指出这种说法是错误的。
也
许居里夫人以后会
发现镭的,
也许由别人去发现,
也许还会发生其他的事情。
p>
你不能从一个
不实际的假设出发,从中得出任何可站得住脚的结论。
”
“人们真应该让沃尔特皮金多拍些照片,
”
波利说,
“我几乎再也看不到他了。
”
我决定
再试一次,
但只能一次。
一个人的忍耐毕竟是有限度的。
我说
:
“下一个谬误叫做井下放毒。
”
p>
“多聪明啊
!
”她咯咯笑了起来。
“有两个人在进行一场辩论。第一个人站起来说:
‘我的论敌是个劣迹昭彰的
骗子。他
所说的每一句话都不可信。
’??波利,现在你想想,
好好想一想。这句话错在哪里
?
”
p>
她紧锁着眉头,
我凝神地看着她。
突然,<
/p>
一道智慧的光芒——这是我从未看到过的一一
闪现在她的眼中。<
/p>
“这不公平,
”她气愤地说,
“一点都不
公平。如果第一个人不等第二个人
开口就说他是骗子,那么第二个人还有什么可说的呢<
/p>
?
”
“对<
/p>
!
”
我高兴地叫了起来,
“百分之百的对,
是不公平。
第一个人还不等别人喝到
井水,
就在井下放毒了。
他还不等他的对手开口就已经
伤害了他。
??波
利,
我真为你感到骄
傲。
”
她轻轻地“哼”了一声,高兴得脸郡发红了。
“你看
,亲爱的,这些问题并不深奥,只要精力集中,就能对付。思考——分析—一判
断。来,
让我们把所学过的东西再复习一遍吧。
”
“来吧,
”她说着。把手往上一晃。
看到波利并不那么傻,我的劲头上来了。于是,我
便开始把对她
讲过的一切,长时间地、耐心地复习了一遍。我给她一个一个地举出例子,指
出其中的错
误,不停地讲下去。就好比挖掘一条隧道,开始只有劳累、汗水和黑暗,不知道
什么时候
能见到光亮,甚至还不知道能否见到光亮。但我坚持着,凿啊,挖啊,刮啊,终于
得到了
报偿。
我见到了一线光亮,
这光亮越来越大,
< br>终于阳光洒进来了,
一切都豁然开朗了。
我辛辛
苦苦地花了五个晚上,
但总算还是没有白费,
我使波利变成一个
逻辑学家了,
我
教她学会了思考。我的任务完成了,
她最终还是配得上我的。
她会成为我贤慧的妻子,
我那
些豪华公馆里出色的女主人。我那些有良好教养的孩子们的合格的母亲。
不要以为我不爱这姑娘了,
恰恰相反。
正如皮格马利翁
珍爱他自己塑造的完美的少女像
一样,
我也非常地爱我的波利。
我决定下次会面时把自己的感情向她倾吐。
该是把我们师生
p>
式的关系转化为爱情的时候了。
“波利,
”当我们又坐在我们那棵橡树下时,我说。
“今晚我们不再讨论谬误了。
”
“怎么啦
?
”她失望地问道。
“亲爱
的,
”我友好地对她笑了笑,
“我们已经一起度过了五个晚上,
我们相处得很好。
显然我们俩是很相配的。
”
< br>
“草率结论,
”波利伶俐地说。
p>
“你是说?
?
”我问道。
< br>
“草率结论,
”
她重复了一遍。
“你怎么能凭我们仅有的五次约会就说我们俩很相配呢
?
”
我咯咯一笑,觉得挺有意思。这可
爱的小家伙功课学得可真不错。
“亲爱的,
”
< br>我耐心地
拍打着她的手说,
“五次约会就不少了,毕竟你
不必把整个蛋糕吃下去才知道蛋糕的甜味。
”
p>
“错误类比,
”波利敏捷地说。
“我可不是
蛋糕,我是个女孩子。
”我微微一笑,但这次
不感到那么有意思
了。这可爱的孩子功课或许是学得太好了。
我决定改变策略。显然,
最好
的办法就是态度明朗,
直接了当地向她表示爱。
我沉默了一会儿,
用我特别发达的脑袋挑选
着
合适的词句。然后我便开始说:
“波利,我爱你。对我来说,你就
是整个世界,是月亮,是星星,是整个宇宙。我亲爱
的,请说你爱我吧。如果你不这样,
我的生活就失去意义了。我将会萎靡不振,茶不饮,饭
不思,到处游荡,成为一个步履蹒
跚、双眼凹下的躯壳。
”
我交叉着双手站在那里,心想这下子可打动了她。
“文不对题,
”波利说。
我咬咬
牙。我不是皮格马利翁,我是弗兰肯斯坦,我的喉咙似乎一下子让魔鬼卡住了。
我极力地
控制涌上心头的阵阵痛楚。无论怎样,我电要保持冷静。
“好了,波利,
< br>”我强装着笑脸说,
“这些谬误你的确已学到家了。
”<
/p>
“这可说得很对,
”她使劲地点了点
头说道。
“可是波利,这一切是谁教给你的
?
”
“你教的嘛。
”
“是的
,那你得感谢我呀。是吗,亲爱的
?
要是我不和你在一起,你永
远也不会学到这
些谬误的”
。
p>
“与事实相反的假设,
”波利不加思索地说着。
我摔掉了额前的汗珠。
“波利,
”我用嘶哑的声音说道,
“你不要死板地接受这些东西。
我是说那只是课堂上讲的东西。你知道
学校学的东西与现实生活毫不相关。
”
p>
“绝对判断,
”她说道,嬉戏地向我摇摇指头。
这一下可使我恼火了。
我猛地跳了起来,
像公牛似地吼叫着,<
/p>
“你到底想不想跟我相爱
?
”
“我不想,
”她答道。
“为什
么不想
?
”我追问着。
p>
“因为今天下午我答应了皮蒂伯奇,我愿意和他相爱。
”
我被皮蒂这一无耻的行径气得一阵晕眩,
情不自禁地向后退去。
皮蒂答应了我,
跟我成
了交,还跟我握了手呢
!
“这个可耻的家伙
!
”我尖着嗓子大叫,把一块块草皮踢了起来。
“你
不能跟他在一起,波利。他是一个说谎的人,一个骗子,一个可耻的家伙
!
”
“井下
放毒,
”波利说。
“别叫嚷了,我认为大声叫嚷就是一种谬误。
”
我以极大的意志力把语气缓和下来
。
“好吧,
”我说,
“你是一个逻辑学
家。那就让我们
从逻辑上来分析这件事吧。你怎么会看得中皮蒂,而看不起我呢
?
你瞧我一个才华横溢的学
生,
一个了不起的知识分子,
一个前途无量的人;
而皮蒂—
—一个笨蛋,
一个反复无常的人,
一个吃了上顿不知有没有下顿
的家伙。
你能给我一个合乎逻辑的理由来说明你为什么要跟皮
蒂
好吗
?
”
“当然能,
”波利肯定地说。
“他有一件浣熊皮大衣。
”
Lesson Six
DISAPPEARING THR0UGH THE SKYLIGHT
Osborne Bennet Hardison Jr.
词汇
(Vocabulary)
skylight (n.) : a window in
a roof or ceiling
天窗
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
thermodynamics (n.) : the branch
of physics dealing with the reversible
transformation of heat
into
other
forms
or
energy
,
esp.
mechanical
energy
.
and
with
the
laws
governing
such
conversions of
energy
热力学
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
genetics (n.) : the branch of biology
that deals with heredity and variation in similar
or related
animals and plants
遗传学
-
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
mutation (n.) : a
change
,
as in form
,
nature
,
qualities
,
etc.(
在形式、本质等上
)
变化
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
discredit (v.) : reject as untrue
;
disbelieve
不相信;怀疑
---------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------
corollary (n.) : an
inference or deduction
推理,推论
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
homogeneous (adj.) : of the same
race or kind
同类的,同族的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
clarity (n.) : the quality or
condition of being clear
;
cle
arness
明晰;清辙
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
streamline
(v.)
:
design
or
construct
with
a
contour
that
offers
the
least
resistance
in
moving
through air
,
water
,
etc
.把?制成流线型
--
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
asset
(n.) : anything owned that has exchange
value
;
a valuable or
desirable thing to have
财产;
有交
换价值的占有物;有价值的东西
-
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
cylinder (n.) : the chamber in which
the piston moves in a reciprocating engine
汽缸
--
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
carburetor (n.) : an apparatus for
carbureting air or gas
;
eap
p>
.
a device in which air is
mixed with
gasoline spray to make an
explosive mixture in an
internal
—
combustion engine
p>
化油器,
汽化器;
碳化器
< br>
-----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---------
transmission (n.) : the part
of an automobile
,
truck
,
etc
.
that
transmits motive force from the
engine
to the wheels
,
usually by
means of gears or hydraulic
cylinders
传动;变速器
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
mall (n.) : a completely
enclosed
,
airconditioned
shopping center
密闭式空调商场
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
cosmopolitan (adj.) : common to
or representative of all or many parts of the
world
;
not national
or
local
世界主义的,属于世界的;不限于国家或地区范围的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
imperative (n.) : a binding or
compelling rule
,
duty, requir
ement
,
etc
.规则;义务;要
求;必
须履行的责任
---------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
catastrophe (n.) : a disastrous
end
,
bringing overthrow or
ruin
;
any great and sudden
calamity
,
disaster or
misfortune
悲惨的结局;毁灭;骤然而来的大灾难
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
reminisce (v.) : think
,
talk
,
or write
about remembered events or
experiences
追忆往事;怀旧
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
blasphemy (n.) :profane or
contemptuous speech
,
writing<
/p>
。
or action concerning God or
anything
held as
divine
:
any remark or action
held to be irreverent or disrespectful
渎
神,亵渎
(
上帝或圣
物
)
;辱骂,谩骂
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
rehabilitation (n.) : the restoration
to reputation
,
rank
,
etc
.恢复
(
< br>名誉、地位等
)
;雪耻
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
plasticity (n.) : state or
quality of being easily shaped or
moulded
可塑性;适应性
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
insubstantial (adj.) : not
substantial
;
not real
< br>;
imaginary
;
not
solid or firm
非物质的;无实体
的;想象的;不
结实的
------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
undermine (v.) :
wear away at the base or foundation; injure
;
weaken
削弱?的基础;伤害;削
弱
---------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
molecule
(n.)
:
smallest
unit
into
which
a
substance
can
be
divided
without
a
change
in
its
chemical
nature
分子
----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
galaxy
(n.)
:
any
of
innumerable
large
groupings
of
stars
,
typically
containing
millions
to
hundreds of billions of
stars
星系
< br>----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
artifact (n.) : any object made by
human work
人工制品
<
/p>
----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
skepticism (n.) : doubting
attitude
怀疑态度
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
particle (n.) : a piece of matter so
small as to be considered without magnitude though
having
inertia and the force of
attraction
粒子;质点
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
juxtaposition (n.) : the act of
placing
,
or the state of
being placed
,
side by side or
close together
并列,并置
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
collage (n.) : an art form in
which bits of objects
,
as new
spapers
,
cloth
,
pressed flowers
,
etc<
/p>
.
,
are
pasted
together
on
a
surface
in
incongruous
relationship
for
their
symbolic
or
suggestive
effect
美术拼贴
(
在画面上拼贴报纸、布、压平的花等互不相干的碎片
的艺术形式
)
---------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
ad hoc
([Latin]) : for this specific
parpose
;
for a special case
only
,
without general applica
tion
为
此目的;特别,特定
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
static (adj.) : not moving or
progressing
;
at rest
;
inactive
;
stati
onary
静止的;不活动的;固定
的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
virtuosity (n.) : great technical
skill in some fine art
,
esp
p>
.
in the
performance or
music
,
interest
in
or taste for the fine arts
;
e
sp
.
,
a sensitive
but amateur interest(
音乐演奏的
)<
/p>
精湛技艺;
对艺
术的爱好
(
或浅薄涉猎
)
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
lacy (adj.) : of
lace
;
like
lace
有花边的;花边状的
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
etch (v.) : engrave(a metal plate
,
glass
,
etc
p>
.
)by the action of an acid
,
esp
.
by
coating the surface
with wax and
letting acid eat into the lines or areas laid bare
with a special needle
蚀镂,蚀刻
(<
/p>
图
案、图画等
)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
assertive (adj.) : marked by or
expressing forceful statements or
claims
肯定的,断定的,武断的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
bulldozer (n.) : a
large
,
shovellike blade on
the front of a tractor for pushing or moving earth
,
debris
,
etc
.
,
a tractor
with such a blade
推土铲;推土机
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
truss (n.) : an architectural
bracket or modillion
;
a
bundle or pack
构架,托座;束,捆,扎
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
bleary (adj.) : dim or blurred as
the eyes are from lack of rest or when one first a
wakens
睡眼惺忪
的;
(
视力
)
朦胧的
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
malice (n.) : active
川<
/p>
will
;
desire to
harm another or to do
mischief
敌意;怨恨
p>
-----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------
granite (n.) : a very hard
,<
/p>
crystalline
,
pluton
ic rock
,
gray to pink in
color
,
consisting of feldspar
,
quartz
,
and smaller amounts of dark ferromagnesian minerals
花岗岩
-------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
vault (n.) : a secure
room
,
often with individual
safe
—
deposit
boxes
。
for the safe keeping
of
valuables or
money
.
as in a bank(
银行等的
)
保险库;贵重物品储藏处
-------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------
slot
—
machine : a
machine
,
as a vending
machine
,
worked by inserting
a coin in a slot
投入一枚
硬币即自行开动的
机器
(
如自动售货机
)
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
trailer (n.) : a cart
,
wagon
,
or large
van
,
designed to be pulled by
an automobile
,
truck
,
or tractor
,
for
hauling freight
拖车,挂车
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----
transaction (n.) : something tran
sacted
事务
(
尤指交易、协议<
/p>
)
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------
haze (n.) : a thin
vapor of fog
,
smoke
,
dust
,
etc
.
,
in the air that
reduces visibility
阴霾,薄雾
短语
(Expressions)
in
the fullness of time:
at the appropriate or right
time
;
eventually
在
适当的时候,
时机成熟
时,终于
例:
I
’
m sure
he
’
ll tell us
what
’
s bothering him in the
fullness of time.
我肯定他会
在适当的时候
告诉我们他的困扰的。
-----
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
in the
middle distance :
the normal distance for the eye to
observe objects
通常肉眼看到物体
的距离
p>
例:
The building is in the middle
distance
,
so we can see it
clear-Iy.
楼房跟我们距离
适中,我们能很清晰地看到
。
Lesson Seven
The Libido for the Ugly
H.
L. Mencken
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