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高中英语人教版
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必修
5
重点词汇、
短语、句型、语法全汇总
Unit1 Great scientists
【重点词汇、短语】
1. put
forward
提出
2.
conclude
结束,结论
3.
draw a conclusion
得出结论
4. defeat
打败
5. attend
照顾,护理,出席
6.
expose to
使显露
7.
cure
治愈,治疗
8.
challenge
挑战
9.
suspect
怀疑,被怀疑者
10. blame
责备
11. handle
柄,把手,处理,掌控
12.
link
联系,连接
13.
link to
将…和…连接
14. announce
宣布
15. contribute
捐献,贡献
16. apart
from
除了
17. be
strict with
对…严格
18. make sense
讲的通,有意义
19. spin
使旋转
20. reject
拒绝,抛弃
【重点句型】
1. What do
you know about infectious diseases?
你对传染性疾病了解多少
?
2.
John Snow was a famous doctor in London
–
so expert,
indeed, that
he attended Queen Victoria
as her personal physician.
约翰?斯诺是伦敦一位著名
的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为维多利亚女王
的私人大夫。
3. But he became inspired when he
thought about helping ordinary
people
exposed to cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助患了霍乱的普通老百姓,他就感到很振奋。
4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was
understood.
人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
5. He knew that cholera would never be
controlled until its cause was
found.
他知道,在找到病源之前,霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
6. The second suggested that people
absorbed this disease into their
bodies
with their meals.
第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。
7. John Snow suspected that the second
theory was correct but he
needed
evidence.
约翰?斯诺猜想第二个理论是正确的,但他需要证据。
8. It seemed that the water was to
blame.
看来要归罪于饮用水了。
9. He immediately told the astonished
people in Broad Street to remove
the
handle from the pump so that it could not be used.
约翰?斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成
了。
10. In another
part of London, he found supporting evidence from
two
other deaths that were linked to
the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区,
p>
他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了
有力证据。
【语法总结】
过去分词作定语和表语
一
.
过去分词作表语
作表语用的过去分词
表示主语的特点或所处的状态,
相当于形容词,
强调主谓关
p>
系;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系
,
绝
大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可
以用
by
< br>短语来表示。
1.
过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异
:
The store is now
closed.(
系表
)
The
library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m.
(
被动
)
2.
某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化
,
其主
语主要是人。
这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词
: delighted,
devoted, discouraged ,
astonished,
frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged,
interested,
contented, pleased,
puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
二
.
过去分词作定语
作定语的过去分词相
当于形容词,
其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。
及物动词的
p>
过去分词作定语,
既表被动又表完成;
不及
物动词的过去分词作定语,
只表完成。
1.
过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the
changed conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2.
过去分词短语用作定语时,置于其所修饰的名词之后,其
意义相当于一个定
语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was
a success.
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
3.
过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。
The
meeting
,
attended by over
five thousand
people
,
welcomed the
great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。
Unit2 The United Kingdom
【重点词汇、短语】
1.
consist
组成,在于,一致
2. consist of
由…组成
3.
divide
…
into
把…分成
4. break
away from
脱离
5.
to one
’
s credit
在…的名下,为…带来荣誉
6.
attract
吸引,引起注意
7. leave out
省去,遗漏,不考虑
8. plus
加上,和,正的
9. take
the place of
代替
10. break down
损坏,破坏
11. arrange
安排
12. fold
折叠,对折
13. delight
快乐,高兴,喜悦
【重点句型】
1. How
many countries does the UK consist of?
联合王国由几个国家组成
?
2.
You can easily clarify this question if you study
British history.
如果你学习了英国历史,很容易就能弄清楚这个问题。
3. Happily this was accomplished
without conflict when King James of
Scotland became King of England and
Wales as well.
令人高兴的是,
这件事没有引
起冲突就完成了,
那时候苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成
为了英格兰和
威尔士的国王。
4. However, the
southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke
away to
form its own government.
然而,爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去了,并建立了自己的政府。
5. To their credit the four countries
do work together in some areas.
值得表扬的是,这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作。
6. England is the largest of the four
countries, and for convenience it is
divided roughly into three zones.
在这四个国家中,英格兰最大,为了方便起见,它大致被分为了三个地区。
7. You must keep your eyes open if you
are going to make your trip to
the
United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你想要使你的英国之旅愉快又有意义,你就必须留心观察。
8. Worried about the time available,
Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the
sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够,张萍玉早就把她想在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。
9. It looked splendid when first built.
刚建成的时候,它看起来真是金碧辉煌。
10. What interested her most was the
longitude line.
她最感兴趣的是那条经线。
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【语法总结】
过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾语补足
语,
说明宾语的状态或性质,
过去分词所表示的动作和宾语
p>
有逻辑上的动宾关系。
一
.
能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有三类:
1.
表示感觉或心理状态的动词,如:
see, hear,
feel, watch, notice
;
think
(认为)
, consider,
find
等。
We saw the
thief caught by the police.
我看见小偷被警察抓住了。
We
thought the game lost.
我们认为球赛输了。
2.
表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词,如:
make,
get, have, keep,
leave
等。
Don
’
t leave such
an important thing undone.
不要让这么重要的事没有人做。
He
had his hat blown away on his way home.
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
3.
表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词,如:
want,
wish, like, expect, order
等。
I want the house white-washed before we
move in.
我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。
He won
’
t like
such questions discussed at the meeting.
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