英国文学选读课后答案

英国文学选读

Poems:

Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86)

生

存或毁灭

,

这是个必答之问题

是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击

,

还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌

,

并将其克服。死即睡眠

,

它不过如此

!

倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患

,

那么

,

此结局是可盼的

!

死去

,

睡去

...

但在睡眠中可能有梦

,

啊

,

这就是个阻碍

:

当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊

,

在死之长眠中会有何梦来临

?

它令我们踌躇

,

使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾

,

否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨

,

如暴君之政、骄者之傲

失恋之痛、法章之慢

贪官之侮、或庸民之辱

假如他能简单的一刃了之

?

还有谁会肯去做牛做马

,

终生疲於操劳

默默的忍受其苦其难

,

而不远走高飞

,

飘於渺茫之境

倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前

?

此境乃无人知晓之邦

,

自古无返者

进入我们无法知晓的地域

所以

,< /p>

「理智」能使我们成为懦夫

而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光

,

像个病夫

再之

,

这些更能坏大事

,

乱大谋

,

使它们失

去魄力。

Hamlet P8

1.

Why

is

sleep

so

frightening,

according

to

Hamlet,

since

it

can

“end”

the

heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?

Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the

end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback

. If he dies,

Hamlet’s

can't

realize

his

will.

Though

―sleep‖

can

end

the

heartache

and

the

thousand

natural

shocks,

it

is

a

state

of

mind.

Hamlet

didn’t

know

at

all.

He

is

frightened

by

the

possible

suffering

in

the

long

―dream‖.

He

can’t

predict

what

will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.

2.

Why

would

people

rather

bear

all

the

sufferings

of

the

world

instead

of

choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?

Death

is

so

mysterious

that

nobody

knows

what

death

will

bring

to

us.

Maybe

bitter

sufferings,

great

pains,

heartbreaking

stories…

Because

people

hold

the

same

idea

grunt

and

sweat

under

a

weary

life,

but

that

the

dread

of

something

after

death-the

undiscovered

country,

form

whose

bourn

no

traveler

returns-puzzle

the

will,

and

make

us

rather

bear

those

ills

we

have

than

fly

to

others that we know not of?‖

People also are frightened by the myths in another

world after death.

3.

What,

after

all,

makes

people

lose

their

determination

to

take

action?

Please explain in relation to the so- called hesitation of Hamlet.

Conscience and over-

considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how.

He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to

commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s

ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking

the

action.

Such

as

Ham

let,

he

doesn’t

know

what

would

happen

if

he

kills

his

uncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.

Sonnet 18 P15

我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：

狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：

天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：

被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。

但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，

或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。

只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。

1.

How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?

The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved,

thee to a summer's day?

ing ―thee‖ to the summer time of

the

year.

It

is

during

this

time

when

the

flowers

are

blooming,

trees

are

full

of

leaves, the weather is warm, and it is

generally considered as an enjoyable time

during

the

year.

The

following

eleven

lines

in

the

poem

are

also

dedicated

to

similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days.

2.

What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer

and immortal?

At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question: ―Shall I compare thee to a

summer’s

day?‖

Then

he

gives

an

answer:

―Thou

art

lovelier

and

more

temperate.‖

On

the

one

hand,

―Rough

winds

do

shake

the

darling

buds

of

May,

and summer’s lease hath all too short a date;‖ on the other hand, ―Sometime too

hot

the

heaven

shines,

and

often

is

his

g

old

complexion

dimmed.‖

So

from

the

above two aspects the poet thinks that ―thou‖ can be more beautiful than summer.

In addition, ―And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or nature’s

changing course untrimmed.‖ Compared with immortal, ―But t

hy eternal summer

shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, nor shall death brag thou

wand’ rest

in his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow’st.‖ Therefore,

the poet draws a conclusion: ―So long as men can breathe or eyes can

see, so long

lives this, and this gives life to thee.‖ In this poem, the poet makes ―thou‖ more

beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case,

―thou‖ in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal

. Or

―thou‖ can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting. Even

―thou‖ can

be abstract ―love‖ or ―beauty‖ which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.

< br>莎士比亚诗歌的两个主题：时光不饶人，青春和美丽是短暂的；只有诗歌才有力量使美

丽与爱情永存。

(theme:

只有文学可与时间抗衡

)

Change, Fate, and Eternity

However much it might look he’s praising a beloved, this poet is definitely more

concerned with tooting his own horn. Really, you could sum up the poem like this:

you

eternal

by

writing

about

you.

Love,

Shakespeare.

That

message

is

why

images and symbols of time, decay, and eternity are all over this poem. Whether or

not we think the beloved is actually made immortal (or just more immortal than

the summer’s day) is up in the air, but it’s certainly what the speaker wants you to

think.

Line 4: This is where the speaker starts pointing to how short summer feels. Using

personification

and

metaphor,

the

speaker

suggests

that

summer

has

taken

out

a

lease on the weather, which must be returned at the end of the summer. Summer is

treated like a home-renter, while the weather is treated like a real-estate property.

Lines 7-

8: These lines give us the problem (everything’s going to fade away) that

the poet is going to work against.

Lines 9-12: These lines are full of all sorts of figurative language, all pointing to

how the speaker is going to save the beloved from the fate of fading away. The

beloved’s life is described in a metaphor as a

is

described

in

another

metaphor

as

a

commodity

than

can

be

owned

or

owed.

Death

is

then personified, as the overseer of the shade

(a metaphor itself for

an

afterlife).

Finally

the

to

time

are

a

metaphor

for

poetry,

which

will

ultimately save the beloved, and

line 9.

Lines 13-

14: What’s so interesting about these lines is that it’s hard to tell whether

the

speaker

is

using

figurative

language

or

not.

Does

he

actually

mean

that

the

poem is alive, and that it will keep the beloved alive? Well, it depends what we

mean by

then

alive

is

definitely

a

metaphor.

But

if

we

read

it

as

describing

a

continued

existence of some kind, well then maybe he does mean it literally, since surely the

poem and the beloved exist for us in some sense.

Sonnet

18

deals

with

the

conventional

theme

that

natural

beauty

will

surely

be

knocked out with the passing of time and that only art (poetry) can bring eternity

to the one the poet loves and eulogizes.

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud P61

我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，

突然我看见一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放，

它们开在湖畔，开在树下，它们随风嬉舞，随风波荡。

它们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹，

它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通往远方仿佛无穷无尽；

一眼看去就有千朵万朵，万花摇首舞得多么高兴。

粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，却不如这水仙舞得轻俏；

诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴，又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃；

我久久凝视－－却未领悟

这景象所给我的精神至宝。

后来多少次我郁郁独卧，感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；

这景象便在脑海中闪现，多少次安慰过我的寂寞；

我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，我的心又重新充满了欢乐。

1. What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem?

Theme

of

Man

and

the

Natural

World:

Wordsworth

is

the

granddaddy of

all nature poets,

and he’s

in

top

form

in

Cloud.

In

her

journal

entry

about

the

day

in

question,

Wordsworth's

sister

Dorothy wrote about their surprise at finding so many daffodils in such a strange

place, next to a lake and under some trees.

even guessing that maybe the seeds floated across the lake. The event is one of the

minor

miracles

that

nature

produces

all

the

time,

as

anyone

who

has

seen

the

documentary

Planet

Earth

or

the

Disney

movie

Earth

knows.

Wordsworth’s

nature is full of life and vitality. He appreciates its wildness and unpredictability,

but he humanizes the landscape and fits it to his own mind.

Theme of Happiness

you feel good about life. It says that even when you are by yourself and lonely and

missing

your

friends,

you

can

use

your

imagination

to

fine

new

friends

in

the

world around you. As John Milton famously wrote,

and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven.

poem makes a heaven out of a windy day and a bunch of daffodils. His happiness

does not last forever

–

he’s not that unrealistic –

but the daffodils give him a little

boost of joy whenever he needs it, like recharging his batteries.

Theme

of

Spirituality

The 19th

century Scottish

writer

Thomas

Carlyle coined

the

phrase

supernaturalism,

which

has

been

used

by

later

critics

to

describe how the Romantic poets, and especially Wordsworth, viewed the natural

world

as

a

spiritual

realm.

The

idea

is

that

Heaven

comes

down

to

earth

and

is

viewed

as

part

of

the

world.

This

poem

illustrates

the

principle

of

natural

supernaturalism. The daffodils are like angels and twinkling stars, and the

of heaven occurs in speaker’s imagination. He uses Christian ideas and imag

es to

make an ode to nature without any reference to God.

Theme of Memory and the Past

simpler

version

of

Tintern

Abbey

,

one

of

Wordsworth’s

other

most

f

amous

works. In both poems, the memory of beautiful things serves as a comfort to the

speaker even after the experience of viewing them has ended. He can always draw

on his imagination to reproduce the joy of the event and to remember the spiritual

wisdom that it provided. In the case of

realize

just

how

far

in

the

future

the

speaker’s

perspective

is

located

until

the

fourth stanza, when he describes just how often the daffodils have comforted him.

2. Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?

I

think

nature

can

have

healing

effect

on

mind,

but

the

precondition

is

that

the

nature

should

be

peaceful

and

earthly.

Let’s

imagine

a

scene.

At

the

very

beginning, we felt a little sad. Then, we place ourselves at a peaceful and clean

lake. We sit on the comfortable and green grass. There are several wild flowers on

the

grass.

Some

little

birds

are

walking

near

us

with

chirp.

We

can

breathe

the

smell of the earth. When we are watching it glistening in the sunshine, there may

be a smile on our face again. Nobody will be not touched in this condition unless

there is something wrong with his mind. It is just like a picture. Or it is just like a

clean bracing and ethereal melody. We can close our eyes to listen to it without