-
short story:a short story is relatively a
brief fictional narrative in prose.
fiction: a narrative told in prose.
openending:
in
contrast
to
closed
ending
which
close
the
story
with
a
real
end,
open-
ended
stories can provide excellent
creative writing motivation, leaving room and
space for readers to
imagine and
create.
point of view: it is the
vantage point (
有利位置
) from
which events are presented.
Setting:it
refers
to
the
geographic
location
and
the
historical
period
in
which
a
literary
work
is
g>background theme>subject
character:character means the features
and trait that form the individual nature of a
person, and
by extension, refers to one
who typifies some definite quality.
flatcharacter:it is constructed around
a single idea or quality.
methods of
characterization:Directly; Indirectly;
The presentation of character’s
mind
.
Story: it is a
narrative following a series of happening in time
order.
Plot: it is a narrative with an
emphasis on falling on causality.
Flashback(
倒叙
):The
writer
may
not
present
the
story’s
event
in
strict
time
may
plunge readers into back
into the middle of the things, or choose to begin
from the ending part
and then move back
into the past to reconstruct the events that lead
up to the final outcome.
Style: It is
the typical way a writer presents his language,
the individual personality in the work.
Tone: The notion of speaking voice in
which we express attitude.
Romanticism:
A source of illumination of the
world
；
Heart over
Head
；
Imagination/emotion
over
logic and reason.
Irony(
反讽
):Irony
is created by what is said and what readers
believe to be true.
Is
“setting” the same as “background”
?
No. “Background” just refers to the
time and the place.
“setting” can mean more than
“background”.
Can we readers
trust the narrator all the time ? Why or why not?
No. Because a narrator of a
story
may
be
reliable
or
unreliable,
objective
or
subjective,
fair
or
partial,
sympathetic
or
detached(
超脱的）
,
simple or
sophisticated
（老练的）
, ignorant
or insightful
（富有洞察力的）
.
The
Gilded
Age:
镀金时代
In
American
history,
the
Gilded
Age
refers
to
the
era
of
rapid
economic
and
population
growth
in
the
United
States
during
the
post-Civil
War
and
post-Reconstruction eras
of the late 19th century. But to open lands west
of the Mississippi River
to
white
settlers,
the
Plains
Indians
were
pushed
in
a
series
of
Indian
wars
onto
restricted
reservations.
The Victorian Age:it is of the United
Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign
from 20
June 1837 until her death on 22
January 1901. It was a long period of prosperity
for the British
people.
the
characteristics
of
the
Victorian
Age
is
Rural
Decline;
Railway
Mania(
狂热
);
Time
Is
events
:The
Industrial
Revolution,
The
development
of
Science
and
Technology,
Charles
Darwin’
s
the
theory of evolution.
THE
EARLY AUTMN:
?
This
story is
mostly told through
A.
flashback (
倒叙）
B.
foreshadowing
(
预示）
C.
dialogue
D.
description
?
The
tone of the story revealed by the characters’
conversations, which is
A.
humorous
B.
sad
C.
relaxed
D.
angry
1)
What was probably the untrue of Mary?
A.
She missed the
days of the past.
B.
She still loved Bill
C.
She worked to
keep a family of three children.
D.
She was
satisfied with her life and job in New York.
2) Which of the following adjectives
can probably best describe Bill’s
attitude?
A.
Emotional.
B.
Indifferent.
C.
Puzzled.
D.
Hopeful.
3) Mary didn’t say
anything when she got on the bus. Why ?
A.
She had
nothing to say.
B.
She was disappointed in Bill.
C.
She was too
emotional.
D.
She knew the situation was hopeless.
4)
The
last
sentence
of
the
story
“
she
forgotten…to
tell
him
that
her
youngest
boy
was
named Bill, too.” shows
that
A.
Mary knew she would meet Bill again
some day.
B.
“Bill” is a very common
name.
C.
Mary had been thinking about Bill and
still loved him.
D.
Mary was proud of her youngest son.
5) The tit
le of the short
story “Early Autumn” may suggest to the reader
that
A.
the bitterness of an emotional long
winter was ahead.
B.
it was still the bright time of one’s
life, like early autumn.
C.
both Mary and
Bill were now middle-aged people.
D.
the love
between them w
as not as “hot” as summer
days.
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