-
.
英语国家概况课后习题（附答案）
Chapter 1
Ⅰ
.Read
the following statement and decide whether they
are ture(T) or false
(F).
—
F
—
in
different parts of Britain like to use the name
England to
refer to their country.
—
T
—
Severn
River
is
the
longest
river
of
Britain
,which
originates
in
Wales and flows through western
England.
—
F
—
more than half of the people in Wales still speak
the ancient
Welsh language.
—
F
—
terms
of
population
and
area,Northern
Ireland
is
the
second
largest part of Britain.
—
F
—
gh
the climate in Britain is generally mild ,the
temperature in
northern Scotland often
falls bellow-10
℃
in January.
—
T
—
majority of the people in Britain are descendants
of the Anglo-
-Saxons.
—
T
—
Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants
of Britain.
—
F
—
h
evolved into what is now described as Modern
English from
the late
16
th
century.
Ⅱ
.Choose the best answer to
complete each of the following statements.
1.
The two main
islands of the British Isles
are
—
A
—
Britain and Ireland
Britain and
Shcotland
.
.
Britain and
England
Britain and England
2.
—
B
—
is
the capital city of Scotland.
t
rgh
f
3.
Among the four parts of the
United Kingdom,
—
D
—
is
the smallest.
d
nd
rn Ireland
4.
English
belongs
to
the
—
C
—
group
of
the
Indo-European
family
of
languages.
tic
5.
The introduction of Christianity to
Britain added the first element of
—
D
—
words to English.
and Finnish
and German
and Italian
and Greek
6.
The
evolution
of
Middle
English
was
reinforced
by
the
—
A
—
influence.
7.
Samuel
Johnson
’
s
dictionary
was
influential
in
establishing
a
standard form
of
—
C
—
.
8.
At
present,nearly
—
C
—
of
the
world
’
s
populations
communicate
in
.
.
English.
B.a quarter
third
fifth
Ⅲ
.Give brief answers
to the following questions.
1.
Why do tourist
from all over the world like go to Scotland?
2.
How
many
periods
can
the
development
of
the
English
language
be
divided intoand what are they?
3.
Why did English become more important
after the Black Death?
Ⅳ
.State your understanding
of the following questions.
1.
Who are the
British people?
2.
What is Standard English?
Chapter 2
Ⅰ
.Read
the
following
statements
and
decide
whether
they
are
true(T)
or
false(F).
—
T
—
h
history before 55 BC is basically undocumented.
—
T
—
Anglo Saxon came to Britain in the
5
th
century.
—
F
—
chief or king of the Anglo Saxon tribes exercised
power at their
own will.
—
T
—
Viking began to attack the English coast in the
8
th
century.
—
T
—
Ⅱ
built up a
large empire which included England and most
of france.
.
.
—
F
—
Magana
Carta
was
designed
to
protect
the
rights
of
both
the
privileged class and
townspeople.
—
F
—
Hundred
Years
’
War
was
a
series
of
wars
fought
between
the
British and the Vikings for trade and
territory.
—
T
—
an
effort
to
make
a
compromise
between
different
religious
factions,Queen
Elizabeth
Ⅰ
actually
defended
the
fruit
the
Reformation.
Ⅱ
.
Choose the best answer to complete each of the
following statements.
1.
The
—
D
—
attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation
in Britain in
410.
A. Norman
B. Danish
ic
2.
By
the
late
7
th
century,
—
D
—
became
the
dominant
religion
in
England.
A.
Celtic Christianity
B. Anglo Saxons
Christianity
ic Christianity
D. Roman Christianity
3.
The
—
C
—
marked the establishment of
feudualism in England.
invasions
B. signing of the Magna
Carta
Conquest
on of common law
4.
The end of the Wars of the
Roses led to the rule
of
—
C
—
House of
Valois
B.
the House of York
.
.
C. the House of Tudor
D. the House of Lancaster
5.
The
direct
cause
ofor
the
Reformation
was
King
Henry
Ⅷ
’
s
effort
to
—
A
—
.
e his
wife
with Rome
t
the
Protestant
e
his
supreme
power
over
the
church
6.
The English Civil War broke out in1642
between
—
B
—
Protestant
and
the
Puritans
Royalist
and
the
Parliamentarian
nobles and
the peasants
aristocrats and the Christians
7.
—
A
—
was
passed after the Glorious Revolution.
Bill of Rights
Act of
Supremacy
Provisions of
Oxford
Magna Carta
8.
The Industrail Revolution was
accomplished in Britain by the middle
of the
—
C
< br>—
century.
A.17th
B.18th
C.19th
D.20th
Ⅲ
.Give brief answers to the
following questions.
were Queen
Victoria
’
s major
achievements?
were the two camps in
the World War
Ⅰ
?
did Britain cooperate closely with the Uinited
States after World
.
.
War
Ⅱ
?
Ⅳ
.State your understanding
of the following questions.
were the
results of the Industrail revolution in Britain?
n
the rise and fall of the British Empire.
Chapter 3
Ⅰ
.Read
the
following
statements
and
decide
whether
they
are
true(T)
or
false(F).
—
T
—
tions
are
regarded
less
important
than
the
statutory
law
in
the working of the
England government.
—
F
—
British
monarchy
has
never
been
interrupted
throughout
the
history.
—
F
—
reality,the
British
King
or
Queen
is
the
house
of
all
government
powers.
—
F
—
British Parliament is the law making body of the
Commonwealth
of Nations.
—
F
—
members of the House of Commons are appointed
rather than
elected.
—
T
—
British
Prime
Minister
is
the
leader
of
the
minority
party
in
Parliament.
—
F
—
t
members
are
chosen
by
the
Prime
Minister
from
various
political parties in Parliament.
.
.
—
T
—
legal systems in England ,Wales,Scotland and
Northern
Ireland
are much
similar in terms of law,orgalizations and
practice.
Ⅱ
. Choose the best
answer to complete each of the following
statements.
1.
The
British
government
is
characterized
by
a
division
of
powers
between three of the
following branchs EXCEPT the
—
C
—
.
ary
ature
hy
ive
2.
The
importance
of
the
British
monarchy
can
be
seen
in
its
effect
on
—
D
—
.
g bills
ng the
gowernments
cal parties
attitude
3.
As
a
revising
chamber
,the
House
of
Lords
is
expected
to
—
B
—<
/p>
the
House of Commons.
ment
ize
t
4.
—
A
—
is
at the center of the British political system.
Cabinet
House of Lords
House of Commons
Privy Council
5.
The main duty of the
British Privy Council is to
—
B
—
.
decisions
advice
bills
ise
the Cabinet
6.
Generally
speaking,the British Parliament operates on a
—
B
—
system.
party party
party
party
7.
The
politices
of
the
Conservative
Party
are
characterized
by
.
.
pragmatism and
—
D<
/p>
—
.
ment
intervention
alization
of
enterprises
reform
D.a
belief in individualiam
8.
In Britain,the parliamentary general
election is held every
—
C
—
years.
Ⅲ
.Give brief answers to the
following questions.
1.
What are the three functions of the
House of Commons?
2.
What
kind
of
public
image
does
the
Liberal
Democrats
have
in
Britain?
3.
Why
are
independent
candidates
unlikely
towin
in
the
general
elections?
Ⅳ
.State your understanding
of the following questions.
1.
What
do
British
electoral
campaigns
usually
involves
during
the
process of a general election?
2.
What is the
Commonwealth of Nations?
Chapter 4
Ⅰ
.Read
the following statement and decide whether they
are ture(T) or false
(F).
—
T
—
n
was the first industrialized nation in the world.
—
T
—
British
economy
experienced
a
relative
decline
during
the
.
.
postwar period.
—
F
—
d
resources and high unemployment rate were
persistent.
—
F
—
er
’
s revolution
turned out to be agreat success in dealing with
all the British economic and social
problems.
—
T
—
economic
approach
adopted
by
Tony
Blair
was
different
from
that of the old Labor Party and the
Conservetive Party.
—
T
—
made
the
Bank
of
England
independent
in
oder
to
separate
politics from economic policy.
—
F
—
n
is an important oil exporter since its oil
industry
has a long
history.
—
T
—
r
power is one of the major energy sources in
Britain.
Ⅱ
.Choose the best
answer to complete each of the following
statements.
1. The
—
A
—
in
the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant
economy in
Britain.
crisis
inflation rates
imports
oyment problem
2.
Of
the
following
practices,
—
C
—
did
not
belong
to
Thatcher
’
s
social
welfare reform.
ng child benefits
ning the period of unemployment
benefits
ng unemployment
ng
old age pension
.
.
3.
The
Blair
government
was
successful
in
the
following
aspect
EXPECT
—
D
—
.
ng
government
spending
g
inflation
under
control
ng unemployment
ng inequality
4. Britain has devoted abou
t
—
C
—
of
its land area to agriculture.
A.50%
B.60%
C.70%
D.80%
5.
Britain
’
s
important
fishing
areas
include
all
the
following
EXC
EPT
—
D
—
.
North Sea
English
Channel
area around the
Irish coast
sea area
between Britain and Ireland
6. Coal mining
industry in Britain provides
—
B
—
of the energy consumed
in the country.
third
fourth
fifth
thirds
7. The car
industry in Britain is mostly
—
A
—
.
n owned
owned
owned
ely owned
8. Of the following sectors
in Britain,
—
C
—
has
experienced spectacular
.
.
growth since
the end of the World War
Ⅱ
.
lture
energy industry
service sector
manufacturing industry
Ⅲ
.Give brief
answers to the following questions.
was the negative aspect of
Thatcher
’
s reform in the
early 1980s.
are the charactoristics
of Britain
’
sagriculture?
happened to
Britain
’
s beef industry in
the mid 1990s?
Ⅳ
.State your
understanding of the following questions.
were
the
major
causes
of
Britain
’
s
relative
economic
decline
in
the
postwar period?
do developed nations like
Britian encourage the development of
the service industry?
Chapter 5
Ⅰ
.Read the following
statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or
false
(F).
—
F
—
Britain government has been responsible for
education since the
early 1800s.
—
F
—
ion
inBritain is compulsory for all children between
the ages of
6 and 15.
—
F
—
National Curriculum is compulsory in both the
states system and
.
.
the
independent system.
—
T
—
children finish their schooling at 16,they are
required to take a
national GCSE
examination.
—
T
—
tes
from state schools in Britain have a less
favorable chance
to enter famous
universities than those from independent schools.
—
F
—
Times is the world oldest Sunday newspapers.
—
F
—
BBC
World
Service
broadcast
only
in
English
throughout
the
world.
—
T
—
8.
Some British holidays are celebrated to mark
important events in the
Christian
calendar,and some others are related to local
customs and
traditions.
Ⅱ
.Choose the best answer to
complete each of the following statements.
1.
In
Britain,the
division
between
grammer
schools
and
vocational
schools
was
ended
by
the
introduction
of
comprehensive
schools
in
the
—
D
—
.
A.1930s
B.1940s
C.1950s
D.1960s
2. Over
—
< br>C
—
of British children
receive primary and secondary education
through the independent system.
A.5%
B.6%
C.7%
lly funded 8%
.
.
3.
Partially
funded
by
central
government
grants,most
of
the
British
universities
receive
the
remaining
funds
from
all
the
following
sources
EXCEPT
—
B
—
.
n
fees
ons
ate
contributions
4. To be admitted to the Open
University, one needs
—
B
—
.
educational qualificatons
educational qualifications
General Certificate of Education
Advanced level.
D. the General
Certificate of Secondary Education
5.
Among Britain
’
s quality
press,the following newspapers are regarded
as the
“
Big Three
”
EXCEPT
—
C
—
.
Times
Guardian
Observer
Daily Telegraph
6.
Life
On
Earth
is
a
kind
of
—
C
—
program
produced
by
the
BBC
is
popular worldwide.
ntary
opera
7.
—
D
—
is
Britain
’
s top pay television
provider.
8.
The
following
Christmas
traditions
are
particularly
British
.
.
EXCEPT
< br>—
A
—
.
ng the Color
Queen
’
s Christmas message
Day
Christmas pantomime
Ⅲ
.Give brief answers to the
following questions.
used
to
be
the
major
functions
of
grammer
schools
and
vocational schools in Britain.
kind of subjects do British
comprehensive schools provide?
what
ways do British universities enjoy complete
academic freedom?
role does the media
play in Britain leisure culture?
Ⅳ
.State your understanding
of the following questions.
are the
general features of
Britain
’
s independent
schools?
are the
“
Quality
Press
”
and the
“
tabloids
”
in
Britain?
Chapter
6
Ⅰ
.Read the
following statement and decide whether they are
ture(T) or false
(F).
—
F
—
Canterbury Tales is representative work of the old
English period.
—
T
—
Renaissance
is
characterized
by
admiration
of
the
Greek
and
Latin
classic works.
—
T
—
a
great English peot,Alexander Pope also translated
Homer
’
s Iliad.
—
F
—
han
Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in
the English
.
.
language,and Robinson
Crusoe is his masterpiece.
—
F
—
m
Wordsworth
amd
Sumuel
Taylor
Colerdge
brought
the
Romantic Movement to its
height.
—
F
—
Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality
of his short
poems,such as
“
Ode to the West
Winds
”
.
—
F
—
Austen is a well known novelist of the stream of
consciousness
school.
—
T
—
Conrad
is
classified
as
a
forerunner
of
Modernism,which
prevailed
before World War
Ⅱ
.
Ⅱ
.Choose the best answer to
complete each of the following statements.
1. The most significant achievement of
the English Renaissance
is
—
B
—
.
et
2.
—
C
—
is
viewed as Romantic poetry
’
s
“
Declaration of
independence
”
.
A.
“
I Wonder Lonely as a
Cloud
”
Juan
preface to Lyrical Ballads
heus Unbound
Dicken
’
s novels,
—
B
—
is
considered most autobiographical.
A.A
Tale of Two Cities
Copperfied
Twist
Expectations
4.
—
D
—
is
a representative of English Critical Realism in
the turn of the
19
th
century.
Louis
Setevenson
Milton
.
.
Conard
Hardy
5. Of the
following books,
—
C
—
is
NOT written by Thomas Hardy.
the
Obscure
of the
d
’
Urbervilles
Bede
Return of the
Native
6.
—
A
—
is
not included in the modernist group.
Wilde
ia Woolf
m Bulter Yeats
7.
Of the following writers,
—
B
—
is
NOT a Nobel Prize winner.
Beckett
Joyce
m Golding
l
8.
Waiting for Godot is written
by
—
A
—
.
Beckett
Orwell
C. William Golding
ce
Ⅲ
.Give brief answers to the
following questions.
are
the
three
catergries
of
Shakespeare
’
s
plays
and
their
representatives?
is
Critical Realism?
are
the
two
new
literary
trends
prevailing
at
the
end
of
19
th
century?
is the stream of
consciousness?
Ⅳ
.State your
understanding of the following questions.
.
.
is
Romanticism?
are the characteristics of English
literauture in the 20
th
century?
Chapter
7
Ⅰ
.Read the following
statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or
false
(F).
—
F
—
Republic
of
Ireland
occupies
the
entire
area
of
the
island
of
Ireland.
—
F
—
earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes
from Europe.
—
F
—
the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it
became a part of
Britain.
—
T
—
the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic, but
belonged to the
British Commonwealth of
Nations.
—
F
—
d
’
s
economy
wasn
’
t
affected
by
World
War
Ⅱ
because
it
remained neutral during the war.
—
F
—
1949,
Britain
recognized
the
independence
of
the
Irish
Republic
and returned the
six northern counties.
—
F
—
h
is the only official language in Ireland because
the majority of
people speak it as
their mother tongue.
—
T
—
icism in Ireland is more than a
mere matter of private faith, but
of
public identity.
Ⅱ
.Choose
the best answer to complete each of the following
statements.
.
.
1. --B-- established a
unified Irish culture and language in the
6
century
BC.
A.
Hunter-gatherers from Britain
B. Celtic
tribes
C. British invaders
D. The Vikings
2.
Divergent views about --C--resulted in
the Irish Civil War.
A. the Act of
Union
B. the Unilateral
Declaration of Independence
C. the
Anglo-Irish Treaty
D. the Anglo-
Irish Agreement
3. --C---was the first
Irish President to visit Queen Elizabeth
Ⅱ
.
A. Eamon de
Valera
B.
John A. Costello
C. Mary Robinson
D. Albert
Reynolds
4. ---D--brought Anglo-Irish relations
to a new height.
A. The British recognition of the Irish
Republic
B. The signing of the
Downing Street Declaration
C.
The signing of the Belfast Agreement
D. The
IRA
’
s formal declaration of
the disarmament in 2005
5. In Ireland,
the head of state is--B---
A. the Prime Minister
B. the President
C. the British monarch
D. the General
Governor
6.
---C---has
been
the
dominant
party
in
Ireland
since
1930s
and
supports peaceful reunification of the
island of Ireland.
th
.
.
A.
Fine Gael
B.
The Labor Party
C. Fianna Fail
D. The Progressive Democrats
7.
Emigration in Ireland
started since the --A--
A. medieval
period
B.
17
th
century
C.
Great Potato Famine
D. early
18
th
century
8. Ireland now
has a --B-- economy.
A.
agriculture-based
B. knowledge-based
C.
industry-based
D.
foreign investment-based
Ⅲ
.Give brief answers to the
following questions.
1. Why was Cork
given the nickname
“
the
Rebel County
”
?
2.
Who were the first groups of people that came to
Ireland?
3. Why did Ireland remain
neutral in World War
Ⅱ？
Ⅳ
.State your understanding
of the following questions.
1. What is the
significance of the following documents: the Act
of Union,
the
Anglo-Irish
Treaty,
the
Anglo-Irish
Agreement
and
the
Belfast
Agreement?
2. What are the
goals of the main political parties in
Ireland?
Chapter
8
Ⅰ
.Read the
following statement and decide whether they are
ture(T) or false
(F).
.
.
—
F
—
eastern
highlands
formed
by
the
Appalachian
Range
hold
one-third of the
country
’
s continental
territory.
—
T
—
climate in the United States can be classified as
temperate, with
some mild subtropical
and tropical zones.
—
T
—
3.A
50-centimeter rainfall line runs through the
middle of the United
States.
—
T
—
York
is
composed
of
five
boroughs,
including
Manhattan,
Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island and
Queens.
—
F
—
Francisco
is
the
second
largest
city
after
New
York
and
the
world-famous Hollywood is located here.
—
T
—
the 1830s and the 1840s, many Northern Europeans
and Irish
immigrants came to America.
—
T
—
half
of
the
immigrants
coming
to
the
United
States
in
the
1980s were Asians.
—
T
—
American
cultural
values
are
freedom,
equality
and
desire
to
work hard for a higher standard of
living.
Ⅱ
.Choose the best
answer to complete each of the following
statements.
1. The U.S. lies in --B--
North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico
to the south, the Atlantic to its
----and the Pacific to its -----.
A.
northern, east, west
B. central, east, west
C.
southern, west, east
D. western, west, east
2.
The continental United States has--C---states.
.
.
A. 50
B. 49
C. 48
D. 35
3.
The state of --A--- is the largest in area of all
the U.S. states.
A. Alaska
B. Hawaii
C. Texas
D. Florida
4. The longest river in the
U.S. is ---B---
A. the Missouri River
B. the
Mississippi River
C. the Ohio River
D. the Lake Itasca
5.
Some of the
world-famous universities like Harvard, Yale and
MIT are
located in--C--.
A.
the South
B.
the West
C. New England
D. the Midwest
6.
San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all
belong to --D--
A. Montana
B. Utah
C. Maine
D. California
7.
The
Immigration
Act
of
1924
restricted
further
immigration
into
the
United States,
particularly from--A----.
A. Europe
B. Asia
C. Africa
D. South
America
8.
The characteristics of the dominant
American culture are--D-
A.
English-speaking,
Northern
European,
Roman
Catholic
and
.
.
middle-class
B.
English-
speaking,
Western
European,
Roman
Catholic
and
upper-class
C. English-speaking, Northern European,
Protestant and upper-class
D. English-speaking,
Western European, Protestant and middle-class
Ⅲ
.Give brief
answers to the following questions.
1.
How is the American population distributed?
2. Why was the Immigration Act of 1924
instituted?
Ⅳ
.State your understanding
of the following questions.
1.
Why
is
the
United
States
regarded
as
a
“
melting
pot
”
and
a
“
salad
bowl
”
?
2.
What
do
you
think
is
the
best
way
to
help
assimilation
in
a
multicultural society?
Chapter 9
Ⅰ
.Read the following
statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or
false
(F).
—
T
—
an
was
named
after
Amerigo
Vespucci,who
arrived
on
the
new continent after Columbus.
—
F
—
Second
Continental
Congress
was
held
in
Phiadelphia,and
the
.
.
Continental Army and Navy
was established under the command of
Thomas Jerfferson.
—
T
—
Amemrican
Civil
War
not
only
put
an
end
to
slavery,but
also
make American a
single,indivisible nation.
—
F
—
American people approved of the Vietnam War.
—
T
—
1990,Ame
rican troops and the troops from allied nations
took joint
military action in order to
drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.
—
F
—
ing
to the American government,Saddam Hussein and
Osama
bin
Laden
were
responsible
for
the
terrorist
event
on
Septemble11,2001.
—
T
—
Bush administration regarded Iraq a nation among
the
“
axis of
the evil
”
.
—
F
—
March
20,2003,American
and
United
Nations
’
troops,
supposed
by several other
countries,began an invasion of Iraq.
Ⅱ
.Choose the best answer to
complete each of the following statements.
1.
The
first
successful
English
conoly
in
North
America
was
founded
at
—
C
—
in
——
.
own,Louisiana
, Massachusetts
own,Virginia
th,Gergia
2.
The Seven Years
’
War occurred
between
—
C
—
.
French and the American Indians
French and the Spanish
.
.
French and the British
D. the British and the
American Indians
3.
“
No taxation without
representation
”
was the
rallying slogan
of
—
D
—
.
settlers of Virginia
people of Pennsylvania
colonists in New England
people of the 13 colonies
4. In May 1775,
—
B
—
was
held in Phiadelphia and began to assume the
functions of a provisional government.
First
Continental
Congress
Second
Continental
Congress
Boston Tea
Party
Congress of Confederation
5. Abraham
Lincoln issued the
—
C
—
to
grant freedom to all slaves.
ation of
Independence
tution
pation Proclamation
of Rights
6. The policy
of the United States was
—
A
—
at
the beginning of the two
World Wars.
lity
involvement
l involvement
ement
7. President
—
C
—
introduced the N
Ⅱ
ew Deal to
deal with the problems
of the Great
Depression.
elt
y
8.
The
Vietanam
War
was
a
long
time
suffering
for
Americans,and
its
.
.
continued throughout the terms of presi
dent
—
D
—
.
n,Nixon and Ford
,Eisenhower and Kennedy
y,Johnson and Nixon
ower,kennedy and Johnson
Ⅲ
.Give brief answers to the
following questions.
did American
change its policy and enter World War
Ⅱ
?
were
Nixon
’
s well known
contributions during his presidency?
were the measures of
Reagan
’
s economic program?
Ⅳ
.State your understanding
of the following questions.
was the course
of the American Civil War?
made the United States a
powerful country by the end of World
War
Ⅱ
?
Chapter 10
Ⅰ
.Read the following
statement and decide whether they are true(T) or
false
(F).
—
F
—
Bill of Right was written into the Constitution in
1787.
—
T
—
form
of
the
American
government
is
based
on
three
main
principles:
federalism,
the
separation
of
powers
and
respect
for
the
Constitution and rule of law.
—
F
—
US
Congress consists of two houses: the House of
Commons and
the House of Lords.
—
T
—
judicial branch of the US federal government
consists of a series
.