托福听力十大必背模板

托福听力十大必背模板

托福听力的题材有一定的重复性，

只 要掌握好一篇典型的，

就可以以此类推听好一大类

题材。本文从 文科、理科、生活三个方面分类，整理收集了经典的听力题材。考生可以反复

阅读背诵， 对口语考试亦有帮助。

1.

文科段子：艺术类音乐

It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production in this

class,

music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to

be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music

we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu

chants of South Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and

America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one

another's cultures. And this production's director intentionally included both western and

non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, and harmonies typical of

non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to

audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show

tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from

the show

between typical western music and the non-western music that we've been studying. Now

the African influence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Africa. So the director

got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs

even include words from African languages. But we'll get back to the African influence

later. First let's turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in

Lion King

that region

2.

理科段子：天文学

In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000

years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments

proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both

these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was

between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses, the earth's

shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the

earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses would not

be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was

based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or

Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions,

the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from

this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the

approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient

documents says 400.000 stadium, that's the plural of the world stadium. Today, it's not

known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let's say it was about 200 meters,

the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice

the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the

first telescope was invented.

3.

文科段子：文学名着

Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let's take a look now at Harriet Beecher

Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that details the

harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United

States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle

Tom's Cabin, it's far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the

south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe's best

writing is about village life in the New England's states in the 19th century. In recording to

the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect

the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often

described accurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the

realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first

writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30

years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe

would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young

woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published

work, a geography book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her

support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books,

biographical sketches and children's books, as well as novels for adults.

4.

生活段子：噪音影响

I'm grad to see so many of you here. We've become really alarmed over the health

center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First,

I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school

environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading

cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long

time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness

is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average

person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren't harmful. That's noise like

traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous

exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels,

that's like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are

sure sign that your hearing's at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close

range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful

levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some

common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football

games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let's try to generate a

list of damaging noises

5.

文科段子：电影艺术

To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you

background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more

familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the

United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7

o'clock in Jennings Auditorium. That's our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we'll

discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this

course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in

1927. The next week, we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very

representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the

films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra's Why We Fight.

Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James

Deane, or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However, I hope you see even

familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films

from the 1980s and you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique.

We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.

6.

文科段子：历史发展

Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the

political management of the war on both sides: the north under Abraham Lincoln and the south

under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their

citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861, on July 4th, Lincoln gave his first major

speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was, he said, to preserve

democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noble crusade that would determine the

future of democracy through out the world. For him the issue was whether or not this

government of the people, by the people could maintain its integrity, could it remain complete

and survive its domestic foes. In other words, could a few discontented individuals and by that

he meant those who led the southern rebellion, could they arbitrarily break up the government

and put an end to free government on earth? The only way for the nation to survive was to

crush the rebellion. At the time, he was hopeful that the war wouldn't last long and the slave

owners would be put down forever, but he underestimated how difficult the war would be. It

would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since, largely because the

north had to break the will of the southern people, not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied

northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of

democratic crusade against southern society.

7.

文科段子：传媒变迁

Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine

was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like

the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it was much different. Newspapers

were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic

issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time,

people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is

what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the review. Defoe actually

wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his

writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king.

After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear

on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn't take long for other magazines

to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new

magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.

8.

理科段子：远程教育

Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing

in a long line.

Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.

Distance learning? Never heard of it.

Well, it's new this semester. It's only open to psychology majors. But I bet it'll catch on else

where. Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.

Well, what is it?

It's an experimental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is watch

a twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them seven different times a

day and in seven different locations.

Don't you ever have to meet with professor?

Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the

phone, you know, about our ideas. Then we'll meet on campus three times for reviews and

exams.

It sounds pretty non-traditional to me. But I guess it makes sense, considering how many

students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut down

on traffic.

You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all

psychology majors were employed. That's why they came up with the program.

Look, I'll be working three days a week next semester and it was either cut back on my

classes or try this out.

The only thing is: doesn't it seem impersonal though? I mean, I miss having class

discussions and hearing what other people think.

Well, I guess that's why phone contact's important. Any way, it's an experiment.

Maybe I'll end up hating it.

Maybe. But I'll be curious to see how it works up.

9.

生活段子：游览沼泽地公园

Welcome to Everglade's National Park. The Everglade is a watery plain covered with saw

grass that's the home to numerous species of plants and wild life. And one and half million

acre is too big to see it all today. But this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will

stop first at Tailor Slue. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants

and animals typically associated with the everglade. You'll see many exotic birds and of

course a world famous alligators. Don't worry. There's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh,

so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high

enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head at some other

marshy and even jungle-like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you

who'd like a close view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider running a canoe sometime

during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction

and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We hate to have to come looking for you. You

have a good fortune of being here in the winter, the best time of the year to visit. During the

spring and summer the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive. Right now, they are not so

bothersome, but you'll soon want to use an insect repellent.

10.

理科段子：地理冒险

Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of

you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert

E. Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the

controversy around Peary's pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national

geographical society examined Commodore Peary's claim to have reached the North Pole on