英语国家概况学习心得与体会

《英语国家概况》学习心得与体会

英语国家概 况（英美概况）

，雨婷认为是所有科目中最难的一科了！英概的出题范围很广，书中的每 一句话都可能成为考题，

尤其是选择题、填空题、改错题。

< /p>

从历年考题上看，英、美两国概况所占分值比较大，其他几国相对少些。其中以英、美两国 的

政治、经济、历史、教育、文化等方面为主，地理次之。

大家首先一定要把教材看透，如果感觉生词太多，可以先通读全文，然后把生词的释义及音标标注出来，再通读全 文；若有

英汉对照本，那学起来就更方便了！

（呵呵，雨婷当时 考的时候可没买到这本小册子。

）然后把以下几方面单独整理出来，常看常

记，雨婷觉得考题中会常出现的。当然这并不是雨婷在押题，而只是总结自己的考试经验而已，各位不 要想偏了噢！

！

！

^v^1

界之最（国家之最、城市之最）

；

、名作家作品；

3

、著 名城市的地理位置；

4

、世界著名大学所在地及概况；

5

、各国历史（年代

表）

；

6

、历界总结；

7

、各国首都。

这几天雨婷将英、美两国的“之最 ”

（世界之最、国家之最、城市之最等等）整理了一下，会贴出来的。至于其他方面，因 为

最近实在抽不出时间来，过阵子时间充足了，再好好整理整理！

快考试了，加油噢！

以下是英国 之最（世界、国家、城市之最）

及少部分英国作家作品等。

< /p>

声明：并非押题！

！

！

< br>

这可是雨婷花了整整一天的时间、一个字母一个字母打出来的，呵呵，雨婷还是

第一次打这么多的英文呢，感觉比打汉字费时多了！因为时间比较仓促，难免会有错误之 处，望多涵噢！

下次会打出美国 之最（世界、国家、城市之最）及少部分美国作家作品等。

1

、

England is the most important part of the Kingdom in wealth, size, and population.

2

、

Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain. It is 1343 meters.

3

、

The North Sea is the first high quality petroleum.

4

、

Britain is one of the world?s most advanced manufacturing and trading nations.

5

、

The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized.

6

、

The cotton industry, the largest branch, has undergone a severe contraction.

7

、

The British agricultural industry is one of the most efficient in Europe.

8

、

The earliest invasion is that by the dark-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.

9

、

Birmingham is the second largest city in England.

10

、

Liverpool is the second largest port of England.

11

、

Before the great Ice Age, Great Britain was joined to the continent of Europe. It was then that men first came to Britain.

12

、

Alfred was considered the first national hero.

13

、

Normandy was the most highly organized state in Europe at that time.

14

、

There were a number of lords, but the most important class was the knights.

15

、

The Normans were the finest fighting horsemen.

16

、

At the end of the century, the most well-known company, the East India Company was formed.

17

、

The English Renaissance?s finest exponents were Christopher Malovve, Ben Johnson, and William Shakespeare. The greatest drama

tist

of the age was Shakespeare.

18

、

The early 17th century was a period of the most acute class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the feudalists with the King as their

head.

19

、

Economic recovery was the most difficult task for the Commonwealth. In 1651 Parliament passed the first Navigation Act.

20

、

The most notoriously comipt of the Whig statesmen in that half century was Robert Walpole.

21

、

In 1761 the first extensive canal was opened. In1814 George Stephenson constructed the first successful steam locomotive.

22

、

The economic boom which began in 1824 collapsed in 1825,causing the first of many periodic economic crises in the world.

23

、

In1840 under the pretext of protecting her trade, Britain launched an aggressive war against China. This was the Opium War.

24

、

From the mid-19th century onward a number of British colonies were organized into dominion of Canada was the first

British dominion to be so organized.

1

25

、

The Third Reform Bill of 1884 and the Redistribution Act of 1885 was the most important of reforms.

26

、

The Irish question one of the oldest issues created the greatest difficulties.

27

、

In foreign policy the most important achievement was the Locarno Treaty of 1926.

28

、

In the early 1950?s,Britain?s first atomic bomb was tested, joining her to the US and the USSR as a nuclear power.

29

、

Margaret Thatcher

was the first female Prime Minister in the nation?s history.

30

、

In 1981,the Humber Bridge was completed at 4626 feet the world?s longest Suspension world?s longest high

-speed opitical

fiber link connected Birmingham with London.

31

、

The longest ministry of the century,it had glorified the Victorian values of self-help and nationalism.

32

、

John Major became the first Western leader to visit liberated Kuwait.

33

、

The European Union is the world?s largest trading bloc.

34

、

The world famous universities Oxford and Cambridge,are the oldest ones dating from 1167 and 1284.

35

、

Durham University came into being in1832,the oldest university in this group and the first English university after Oxford and

Cambridge.

36

、

A large group of nineteenth and twentieth century universities were founded in most of the biggest industrial towns and in a few other

centres. They started as “university colleges”.

37

、

The earlist known printed newspaper in Britain was published in was called Trewe Encountre.

38

、

The Times is the most famous of all British papers and the oldest at that.

39

、

The most important Periodicals are the Economist, New Statesman,Spectator,New Society,Private Eye and New Scientist.

40

、

British radio and television play an important part in daily life,social activities,cultural and educational are chiefly run by

three companies:the British Broadcasting Corporation(B.B.C),the Independent Television Commission(I.T.C),and the Radio

Authority,though there are many commercial,companies.

41

、

The Press Association was founded by provincial newspapers on a co-operative basis in 1868 is the oldest and largest news

agency operating exclusively in Britain.

42

、

Association football (or soccer) claims the highest popular attendance in the country.

43

、

Golf is probably the most attractive of British sports.

44

、

Stephenson?s ?Rocket? is the most famous of all steam locomotives.

45

、

John Dalton was an English chemist and physicist, who is best known for developing an atomic theory in which the elements are

characterized by different sizes and weights.

46

、

The best-

known scientific achievement in the nineteenth century was Charles Robert Darwin?s development of a theory of evolution.

47

、

The number of the British Noble Prize winners in science before World War

Ⅱ

is the largest in the world.

48

、

Fables which are about animals or supernatural persons or incidents and whose purpose is teaching a moral are pro bably the earliest

form of story-telling.

49

、

The best-loved story is about Robin Hood who was a popular hero living under the greenwood with his men, taking from the rich and

giving to the poor and waging war against bishops and the time we get to the Middle Ages,we find the first great English

poet,Chaucer.

50

、

In the sixteeth century Thomas More issued his masterpiece Utopia in two books,the first of which contains a long conversiation on the

social condition of England.

51

、

During the Puritan period (or in the seventeeth century) John Bunyan was a commanding prosewriter and John Milton was an

outstanding poet. Bunyan wrote other works, such as the Holy War, Grace Abounding to the Chief of sinners.

52

、

Daniel Defoe and his Robinson Crusoe and Jonathan Swift and his Gulliver?s Travels belong to this period.

53

、

Samuel Richardson is another novelist ren

owned as a storyteller. He chose the epistolatary from and wrote“ the first modern novel.”

2

54

、

The nineteenth century was the golden age of the novel. There were a lot of novelists, the greatest of whom was Charles Dickens. He is

looked upon as one of the greatest creative writers who ever lived.

55

、

The comic masterpiece of which Dickens was the proudest, is Picwick Papers. David Copperfield, which is largly based on himself, is

perhaps his best novel. Other well- known novels include. The Old Curiosity Shop,Hard Times, Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Lities

and Dombey and Son.

56

、

Walter Scott was a poet and famous Scottish historical novelist, who wrote much. Among his novels and Waverley, Guy Mannering,

Kenilworth, Woodstock and Quent in Durward. His bestknown novel is Ivanhoe, his best novel is The Heart of Midlothian.

57

、

William Makepeace Tackeray, who largely wrote about middle-class society. He wrote The History of Pen Dennis, The History of

Henry Esmond, The Newcomers the Virginians.

58

、

Nineteenth- century England also produced many great women novelists, the earliest of whom was perhaps Jane Austen. Her most

widely-read novel is Pride and Prejudice, though three others, Sense and Sensibility, Emma and Manse field Park, have slowly won their

way to the front rank of fiction.

59

、

Joseph Rudyard Kipling was the first British novelist to win the Nobel Prize, which he did in 1907.

60

、

David Herbert Lawrence was an innovator of psychological fiction and one of the most controversial writers of the early 20th century,

surpassed only by James Joyce in the amount of opposition which was caused by his works. His major works are Sons and Lovers, the

Rainbow, Women In Love, Kangaroo, the Plumed Serpent and Lady Chatterley?s Lover.

61

、

James Joyce was considered in the West and the most important and influential novelist writing in English.

62

、

The name of Herbert George Wells is closely associated with science fiction. The Time Machine, The Island of Pr. Moreau, The

Invisible Man, When the Sleeper Wakes and The Shape of Things to come are his best works about science.

63

、

John Galsworthy was one of the most prominent British novelists and dramatists of the twentieth century. His maiden work is From the

Four Winds.

64

、

Another Nobel Prize winner was Bertrand Russell, who was a philosopher, mathematician, logician and novelist. He got his Noble Prize

in 1950.

65

、

Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English poetry, describes a party of pilgrims going to Canterbury in his masterpiece The Canterbury

Tales.

66

、

The greatest English revolutionary poet of the seventeenth century was John Milton, whom we remember chiefly for his long epic in

twelve books Paradise Lost, which mainly tells the story of Adam and Ere in the Garden of Eden.

67

、

Two of the greatest names in the poetry of this century are William Butler Yeats and Thomas Steams Eliot. The Second Coming, one of

the Yeats?s most famous poems, his most famous works are The wind Among the weeds, Responsibilities, The Tower, The Winding s

tairs

and The land of Heart?s Desire (a play of 191

4).

68

、

Eliot was born in American but he became a British subject in 1927. His best known work, The Waste Land, caused an uproar because

of its originality and of the severity of its attack on English and American society, when it was published with Pound?

s help in 1922.

69

、

English drama is completely dominated by William Shakespeare. He is the great playwright and poet of the Renaissance, widely

regarded by the people of the world as one of the greatest writers who ever lived Karl Marx takes Shakespeare and Aeschylus as the two

greatest geniuses of whole theatre. He wrote thirty-seven plays, mostly in verse, many of which are still frequently acted. They include

comedies. As You Like It, A Midsummer Night?s Dream, A Winter?s Tale, The Merchant of Venice, Th

e Tempest and Twelfth Night; the

great tragedies: Rome and Juliet, Macbeth, King Lear and Othello.

70

、

Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the

“

university wits whose three best plays are Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta and The

Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.

71

、

In the eighteenth century the most outstanding dramatist of the realistic school was Richard Brinsley Sheridan whose first comedy The

Rivals was staged when he was 24.

3

72

、

The British Museum Library is one of the largest and richest in the world.

73

、

At the northeast end are Marble Arch which is famous for its lovely plants and the world-

famous Speakers? Corner, where outdoor

orators make their eloquent free speeches on wooden soap boxes.

74

、

In Tower of London, the first prisoner was Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham, one of the original builders of the White Tower.

75

、

St. Paul?s Cathedral, the biggest and most well

-known church in London, is a typical example of the architecture of the Renaissance.

76

、

The old buildings of the Observatory are on the highest hill in Greenwich Park, which was beautifully laid out by Le Notre for Charles

Ⅱ

, but now the Royal Observatory has moved to Herstmonceux Castle in Sussex on account of the London pollution.

77

、

The best-known quality of the British people and, in particular, of the English people is their exclusiveness.

78

、

The British Parliament, is the oldest parliament in Europe.

79

、

In speaking of John Bull, an image immediately appears in our mind. He is short and fat, with a tall hat on his head and a pair of boots

on his feet. It is the nickname for Britain.

80

、

“Ladies First” is also a British custom, though it is less observed today than it used to be.

81

、

In British, “Three Don?t” :

(1)The British have the habit of queuing. They don?t jump of the queue.

(2)In England, you shouldn?t ask a woman her age.

(3)Don?t try to bargain in Britain when you do the shopping.

82

、

Three “INGS” refer to betting, drinking and tipping, ending for each of which is ING

.

83

、

Christmas Day is on December 25, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating as it does the birth of Jesus Christ.

84

、

New Year?s Day (January 1st) is part of the Scottish ?Hogmanay? festival which is more important than Christmas to Scots.

85

、

April Fool?s Day is hardly a festival, but on

that day you may find that someone has given you a false message or your shoe-laces have

been tied together, or some other ingenious tricks have been played on you to make you an “April Fool”.

86

、

There are three main world religious Buddhism, Islam and Christianity.

87

、

The most important denomination is the Anglican Church.

88

、

The British Parliament consists of three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

89

、

The House of Lords is the oldest part of Parliament.

90

、

There are two major parties in Britain today. They are the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.

91

、

In terms of the nature of cases, we can also divide the courts into two systems: the Civil Courts and the Criminal Courts.

英语国家概况学习要领

关于《英语国家概况》课程方面的辅导材料很少。现在又面临课程改革，薄薄的旧版本换 成了

700

多页的厚本，实在是让人

挠 头。在这种情况下，我总结了自己的学习思路与具体的学习方法。思路共分三步：

第一步：粗读。先看大纲，然后把课本翻看一遍，大纲没涉及的内容也要看。

第二步：精读。要面面俱到，读完每一章后，要做练习册上的题，除此之外， 把自己总结的题也要掌握，然后重读这一章。历史

要一字不漏地看，其它的内容可参阅大 纲，只抓重点部分看。

第三步：记重点。在熟悉习题的基础上 ，要通读全文，要看重点，依据题型去套书中的内容。

具体的学习方法如下：

一、

通读全文，掌握框架：读书也要 讲大将风范，有了具体的思路之后，还要在头脑中形成清晰的框架，从整体入手，然后，再

把具体的重点加上去，这样，掌握起来，就不至凌乱。

二、 找准重点，理清线索：熟悉课文内容是任何一科都必不可少的。

《英语国家概况》比其它 课要难，英国与美国的历史部分占很

大篇幅，要作为重点去掌握，但这部分内容看起来又 是那么宠杂，因此理清线索，摸清脉络之后，我们理解起来就轻松多了。

如

：

英

国

< br>历

史

部

分

可

整

理

成

这

样

一

条

线

索

：

early

settlers

——

Roman

invations

——

Anglo- Saxons

——

the

Viking

and

Danish

Invations

——

the

Norman

Conquest

——William?s

Rule——

the

Great

Charter

——the

Hundred

Year?s

War——

the

English

4

Reformation

——

the English Renaissance

——

the Civil War

——

the Glorius Revolution

——

the Industrial Revolution

——

in the two World

Wars

美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索：

the

war

of

Independence

——

the

War

of

1812

——

territorial

expansion

and

Westward

Movement

——

the Civil War

——

in the two World Wars

——

the Cold War

——

the Berlin Blockade

——

the Civil Rights Movement in the

1950s

——

the Vietname War

每个要点之后都分别有重点，尤其每次战争的背景、时间、 起因、结果都需要全面了解。

三、对比分析，找出差别：在自 学过程中，我对这种方法应用最多。可以说对比无处不在。例如，每个国家的政体有共同点，也

< br>有差别，差别就需要记住。因为这往往是选择题里要出的内容。

下面就把这个政体的比较列表呈现给大家

:

Country

Britain

Party system

The conservative Party,

The Labour Party

The U.S.

The Democrats,

The Republic

Ireland

Fianna Fail,

Fine Gael

Australia

The Labour Party,

the Liberal and National Party

New Zealand

The National Party

，

The Labour Party

Canada

The Liberal Party,

the Progressive Conservative Party

The Senate,

The House of Representatives

Houses

The House of Commons

The House of Lorbs

The Senate,

The House of Representatives

The Senate,

The House of Representatives

The Senate,

The House of Representatives

The House of Representatives

四、依据大纲，做好习题：习题既包括练习册上的题 ，又包括在精读课文时自己总结的题。要从出题老师的角度去分析，依据大

纲会在哪一细 节上命题。

例如，

依据上面提到的对 比分析可出这样的题：

Canada?s politic

al party system is not____? party rule party rule and a

half party rule party rule.

经济方面的内容也不容忽视，容易出综合性试题，例如：

New Zealand is the world leader in ____.

r industry industry industries ilding industry.

又如：

Whic

h is faulse in the following kinds of saying about Britain?s agricultural?g is one of Britains most important industr

ies.

?s highly mechanized. engaged in farming have increased lightely over recent years. ?s the source of most of

the food and

many of the raw materials of the country.

如果没有经过认真看书，就不能总结出类 似的试题。因此，自学过程中要不断积累总结知识点，自己给自己出题，加之练习册上

的 习题，经这样反复演练，对付考试就易如反掌了。

一

.

自然资源

英国

:

Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of British coal mining is called a

Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.

Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel deposits of iron ore were found in central England.

As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.

5