-
2005
级高级英语试题
I
．
Paraphrase:
(30%)
1.
The
microelectronic
revolution
promises
to
ease,
enhance
and
simplify
life
in
ways undreamed of even by the utopians.
2. The cast of characters set before
him in his new profession was rich and varied
–
a cosmos.
3.
All
would
resurface
in
his
books,
together
with
the
colorful
language
that
he
soaked up with a memory that seemed
phonographic.
4. Shipping
conferences make it harder to make a big killing
in good times.
5. The estuaries of the
world became jammed with the steadily increasing
numbers
of moth-ball tankers.
6. As an Indian, Piquette was a dead
loss.
7.
Her
attendance
had
always
been
sporadic
and
her
interest
in
schoolwork
negligible.
8.
It cannot
be
described in
terms
of
any other
language, or even
in
terms
of its
own past.
9.
Lexicography, like God, is no respecter of
persons.
10. Modern
linguistics gets its charter from Leonard
Bloomfield’s
Language
.
II. Please identify the figures of
speech used in the following sentences. (10%)
1.
But for making
money, his pen would prove mightier than his
pickax.
2.
Mark
Twain is considered as the father of
Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise through
eternal boyhood.
3.
There was a
short, thoughtful silence.
4.
She read the
long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.
5.
This time
fate was smiling to him.
6.
Or
what
of
those
sheets
and
jets
of
air
that
are
now
being
used,
in
place
of
old-
fashioned oak and
hinges…
7.
Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was
assisted.
8.
― The Christian
believes that man came from above. The
e
volutionist believes
that
he must have come from below.‖
9.
Then the
court broke into a storm of applause that
surpassed that for Bryan.
10
He commented with a
crushing sense of despair on man’s final release
from
earthly struggle.
III.
Replace
the
underlined
words
and
phrases
with
the
following
words
or
expressions: (10%)
A. on
hand
B. teemed
C. set
about
D. rampant
E obsessed
F. at hand
G
. the
lion
’
s share
H. every bit
I. respective J. succumbed
K. cash in on
L. the
name of the game
M.
set down
N.
weathered
O.
respectable
Example:
Indeed,
this
nation’s
best
-loved
author
was
entirely
as
adventurous
as
1
anyone had ever imagined.
( H )
1.
In the end,
the president yielded to the pressure of his
opponents.
2.
More than 100 reporters were present to
broadcast a jury trial for the first time
in history.
3.
He asked me
how to begin learning a second foreign language.
4.
The company expects to get profit from
the new oilfields.
5.
Mark
Twain
was
a
man
who
became
preoccupied
with
the
frailties
of
the
human race.
6.
Before being
polluted, that river was filled with fish and
shrimps.
7.
In pop music essence is originality.
8.
The party
ended and we all went off to our own rooms.
9.
Nixon was
considered a tough guy, having
passed
through six political crises
safely.
10.
Meningitis is widespread especially
during early spring.
IV
.
Reading comprehension (30%)
Passage one:
RUSSIA
’S NEW REVOLUTION IN
CONSERV
A
TION
When naturalist Sergei
Smirenski set out to create Russia’s first private
nature
reserve since the
Bolshevik revolution, he knew that the greatest
obstacle would be
overcoming
bureaucratic resistance.
The Moscow State University professor
has charted a steep uphill course through
a
variety
of
foes,
from
local
wildlife
service
officials
who
covet
his
funding
to
government
officials
who
saw
more
value
in
development
than
conservation.
But
with incredible dedication, and the
support of a wide range of international donors
from Japan to the United States, the
Murovyovka Nature Park has finally come into
being.
Founded
at
a
small
ceremony
last
summer,
the
private
reserve
covers
11,000
acres of pristine wetlands along the
banks of the Amur River in the Russia Far East.
Here, amid forests and marshes
encompassing a variety of microhabitats, nest some
of
the
world’s
rarest
birds—
tall,
elegant
cranes
whose
numbers
are
counted
in
the
mere hundreds.
The creation of the park marks a new
approach to nature conservation in Russia,
one that combines traditional methods
of protection with an attempt to adapt to the
changing economic and political
circumstances of the new Russia.
―There must be a thousand ways to save
a wetland. It is time for vision and risk,
and
also
hard
practicality,‖
wrote
Jim
Harris,
deputy
director
of
the
International
Crane
Foundation,
a
Wisconsin-based
organization
dedicated
to
the
study
and
preservation of cranes, which has been
a major supporter of the Murovyovka project.
Dr. Smirenski’s vision has
been eminently down to earth. At every step, he
has
tried to involve local officials,
businessmen and collective farms in the project,
giving
them a practical, economic stake
in its success. And with international support, he
is
trying to introduce new methods of
organize farming that will be more compatible
with preserving the wetlands.
1.
The Murovyovka Nature
Reserve came into being because of_______.
2
[A] Russian government officials.
[B] the International Crane Foundation.
[C] the determination of
one man.
[D] an unrealistic dream.
2.
If one ―charts a steep
uphill course‖
(paragraph 2),
one_______.
[A] expects an
arduous journey.
[B] maps out a
mountain trip.
[C] assumes
that life will be uneventful.
[D] sets
himself a difficult goal.
3.
The preserved ―pristine wetlands‖
mentioned in paragraph 3 are
_____.
[A] unspoiled.
[B] precious.
[C] perfect
[D] uncontaminated.
4.
The passage states that the Nature
Reserve is_______.
[A] an arid,
uninhabited area.
[B] the only reserve
in Russia.
[C] home to many different
birds.
[D] economically beneficial to
local inhabitants.
5.
The
passage implies that the preservation of
wetlands______.
[A] can only be
accomplished with traditional methods.
[B] requires imagination, daring and
pragmatism.
[
C]
is usually a popular concern of politicians.
[D]
limits an area’s development.
Passage 2
THE
DEA
TH OF A SPOUSE
For much of the world, the death of
Richard Nixon was the end of a complex
public life. But researchers who study
bereavement wondered if it didn’t also signify
the end of a private grief. Had the
former president merely run his allotted fourscore
and one, or had he fallen victim to a
pattern that seems to afflict longtime married
couples: one spouse quickly following
the other to the grave?
Pat, Nixon’s wife of 53 years, died
last June after a long illness. No one knows
for
sure
whether
her
death
contributed
to
his.
After
all,
he
was
elderly
and
had
a
history of serious heart disease.
Researchers have long observed that the death of a
spouse
particularly
a
wife
is
sometimes
followed
by
the
untimely
death
of
the
grieving survivor. Historian Will
Durant died 13 days after his wife and
collaborator,
Ariel;
Bickminster
Fuller
and
his
wife
died
just
36
hours
apart.
Is
this
more
than
coincidence?
―Part of the story, I suspect, is that
we men are so used to ladies feeding us and
taking
care of us,‖ says
Knud Helsing, an epidemiologist at the Johns
Hopkins School
of Public Health, ―that
when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We don’t know
how to
take
care
of
ourselves.‖
In
one
of
several
studies
Helsing
has
conducted
on
bereavement,
he
found
that
widowed
men
had
higher
mortality
rates
than
married
men
in
every
age
group.
But,
he
found
that
widowers
who
remarried
enjoyed
the
same lower mortality
rate as men who’d never been widowed.
Women’s health and
resilience may also suffer after the
los
s of a spouse. In a
1987
study of widows, researchers form the University
of California, Los Angeles,
and
UC, San
Diego,
found
that they
had
a
dramatic
decline
in
levels
of important
immune-system
cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies
showed reduced immunity
in widowers.
For
both
men
and
women,
the
stress
of
losing
a
spouse
can
have
a
profound
effect.
―All
sorts
of
potentially
harmful
medical
problems
can
be
worsened,‖
says
Gerald
Davison,
professor
of
psychology
at
the
University
of
Southern
California.
People
with
high
blood
pressure,
for
example,
may
see
it
rise.
In
Nixon’s
case,
3
Davison
speculates,
―the
stroke,
although
not
caused
directly
by
the
stress,
was
probably hastened by it.‖ Depression
can affect the surviving spouse’s will to live;
suicide rates are elevated in the
bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars.
Involvement in life helps
prolong it. Mortality, says Duke University
psychiatrist
Daniel Balzer, is higher
in older people without a good social-support
system, who
don’t feel they’re part of
a group or a family, that they ―fit in‖ somewhere.
And that’s
a
common
problem
for
men,
who
tend
not
to
have
as
many
close
friendships
as
women. The sudden absence of routines
can also be a health hazard, says Blazer. ―A
person
who
loses
a
spouse
shows
deterioration
in
normal
habits
like
sleeping
and
eating,‖ he says. ―They don’t have that
other person to orient them, like when do you
go to bed, when do you wake up, when do
you eat, when do you take your medication,
when do you go out to take a walk? Your
pattern is no longer locked into someone
else’s pattern, so it
deteriorates.‖
While earlier studies suggested that
the first six months to a
year
—
or even the
first week
—
were
times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some
newer studies find
no special
vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and
women, of course do
not
die as a result of the loss of a
spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A
strong sense of separate identity and
lack of over-dependency during the marriage are
helpful. Adult sons and daughters,
siblings and friends need to pay special attention
to
a newly widowed parent. They can
make sure that he or she is socializing, getting
proper nutrition and medical care,
expressing emotion and, above all, feeling needed
and appreciated.
6.
According to researchers, Richard
Nixon’s death was
______
[A] caused by his heart problems.
[B] indirectly linked to his wife’s
death.
[C] the
inevitable result of old age.
[D] an
unexplainable accident.
7.
The research reviewed in the passage
suggests that______
[A] remarried men
live healthier lives. [B] unmarried men have the
longest life spans.
[C] widowers have
the shortest life spans.
[D] widows are
unaffected by their mates’ death.
8.
One of the results of
grief mentioned in the article is_____
[A] loss of friendships.
[B] diminished socializing.
[C] vulnerability to disease.
[D] loss of appetite.
9.
The passage states that while married
couples can prepare for grieving by____
[A] being self-reliant.
[B] evading intimacy.
[C] developing habits.
[D] avoiding independence.
10.
Helsing speculates that
husbands suffer from the death of a spouse because
they
are_______.
[A] unprepared for independence.
[B] incapable of cooking.
[C] unwilling to talk.
[D]
dissatisfied with themselves.
Passage 3
We live in southern
California growing grapes, a first generation of
vintners, our
home adjacent to the
vineyards and the winery. It’s a very pretty
place, and in order to
earn the money
to realize our dream of making wine, we worked for
many years in a
business that demanded
several household moves, an incredible amount of
risk-taking
and long absences from my
husband. When it was time, we traded in our old
life,
4