英语法案Brown V. Broad of Education of Topeka Kansa

Brown V. Broad of Education of Topeka Kansas(1954)

Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) became the judicial cornerstone of racial discrimination throughout the

United States. The case established the

separate-but-equal doctrine

. This doctrine was used to

Justify segregation in many areas of American life for the next fifty

years. A little more than a

decade

later,

in

1909,

the

National

Association

for

the

Advancement

of

Colored

People

(NAACP) was found to take up the battle against the racial segregation and discriminations In the

1930s,

its

legal

arm

developed

a

careful,

long-term

strategy

to

demolish

the

separate-but-equal

doctrine. Rather than a head-on assault of Jim Crow(

黑人）

, which the Court was likely to rebuff,

NAACB lawyers would chip away at segregation in the area of education! showing in case after

case

that

separate

facilities

could

not

possibly

bl

equal.

A

successful

attack

on

the

separate- but-equal

doctrine

begat!

with

a

series

of

lawsuits

in

the

1930s

to

admit

African

Americans to! state professional schools. Beginning in the late 1930s, the Supreme Court began to

move

away

from

the

separate-but-equal

doctrine.

B

1950,

the

Supreme

Court

had

ruled

that

African

Americans

who

were

admitted

to

a

state

university

could

not

be

assigned

to

separate

sections of classrooms, libraries, and cafeterias. The Court was taking the position that segregated

facilities

for

black

students

at

universities

violate

the

equal

protection

clause.

The

major

breakthrough, however did not come until 1 95 1. The case involved an African American who

lived in Topeka, Kansas.

In 1951' Oliver Brown decided that his eight-year-old daughter,

it?

da Carol Brown, should not have to go to an all-nonwhite elementary-

school twenty-one blocks away from her home, when there was a white

school only seven blocks away. So Linda Brown's parents had sued the school hoard of Topeka,

Kansas, for not allowing their daughter to at lend an all-white school, miles closer to their home

than

the

separated

elementary

school

she

was

assigned

to

attend.

The

National

Association

for

the

Advancement

of

Colored People

(NAACP).

formed

in

1909, decided

to

help

Oliver

Brown.

Thurgood

Marshall

,

the

NAACP's

leading

lawyer,

wanted

the

Court

to

strike

down

state

laws

that

required

racial

segregation

in

public

schools.

He

argued

that

African

American

children

were

not

getting

the

same

quality

of

education

as

white

children.

In

his

argument, Marshall appealed to meet the Plessy doctrine head on and declare that it is erroneous.

stands

mirrored

today

as

a

legal

aberration,

the

faulty

conception

of

an

era

dominated

by

provincialism, by intense emotionalism in race relations... and by the preaching of a doctrine of

racial

superiority

that

contradicted

the

basic

concept

upon

which

our

society

was

founded.

Twentieth century American, fighting racism at home and abroad, had rejected the race views of

Plessy

V.

Ferguson

because

we

have

come

to

the

realization

that

such

views

obviously

tend

to

preserve

not

the

strength

but

the

weakness

of

our

heritage.

By

the

time

Marshall

made

this

argument, black intellectuals, scholars, and activists

and their progressive white allies had closed

ranks in support of integration. To suggest alternatives as the goal for African Americans was to

find oneself swimming against the current.

However, the NAACP campaign finally made great

achievements in Brown V Broad of Education of Topeka, probably the most significant Supreme

Court decision of the twentieth century. The results were monumental in their impact on American

society.

During

late

1953

and

early

1954,

Chief

Justice

Earl

Warren

brought

the

court

in

support

of