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英语法案Brown V. Broad of Education of Topeka Kansa

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2021-02-28 02:31
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2021年2月28日发(作者:碱性)


Brown V. Broad of Education of Topeka Kansas(1954)




Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) became the judicial cornerstone of racial discrimination throughout the


United States. The case established the


separate-but-equal doctrine


. This doctrine was used to


Justify segregation in many areas of American life for the next fifty


years. A little more than a


decade


later,


in


1909,


the


National


Association



for


the


Advancement


of


Colored


People


(NAACP) was found to take up the battle against the racial segregation and discriminations In the


1930s,


its


legal


arm


developed


a


careful,


long-term


strategy


to


demolish


the


separate-but-equal


doctrine. Rather than a head-on assault of Jim Crow(


黑人)


, which the Court was likely to rebuff,


NAACB lawyers would chip away at segregation in the area of education! showing in case after


case


that


separate


facilities


could


not


possibly


bl


equal.


A


successful


attack


on


the


separate- but-equal


doctrine


begat!


with


a


series


of


lawsuits


in


the


1930s


to


admit


African


Americans to! state professional schools. Beginning in the late 1930s, the Supreme Court began to


move


away


from


the


separate-but-equal


doctrine.


B


1950,


the


Supreme


Court


had


ruled


that


African


Americans


who


were


admitted


to


a


state


university


could


not


be


assigned


to


separate


sections of classrooms, libraries, and cafeterias. The Court was taking the position that segregated


facilities


for


black


students


at


universities


violate


the


equal


protection


clause.


The


major


breakthrough, however did not come until 1 95 1. The case involved an African American who


lived in Topeka, Kansas.



In 1951' Oliver Brown decided that his eight-year-old daughter,


it?


da Carol Brown, should not have to go to an all-nonwhite elementary-


school twenty-one blocks away from her home, when there was a white



school only seven blocks away. So Linda Brown's parents had sued the school hoard of Topeka,


Kansas, for not allowing their daughter to at lend an all-white school, miles closer to their home


than


the


separated


elementary


school


she


was


assigned


to


attend.


The


National




Association




for




the




Advancement




of




Colored People


(NAACP).


formed


in


1909, decided


to


help


Oliver


Brown.


Thurgood


Marshall


,


the


NAACP's


leading


lawyer,


wanted


the


Court


to


strike


down


state


laws


that


required


racial


segregation


in


public


schools.


He


argued


that


African


American


children


were


not


getting


the


same


quality


of


education


as


white


children.


In


his


argument, Marshall appealed to meet the Plessy doctrine head on and declare that it is erroneous.



stands


mirrored


today


as


a


legal


aberration,


the


faulty


conception


of


an


era


dominated


by


provincialism, by intense emotionalism in race relations... and by the preaching of a doctrine of


racial


superiority


that


contradicted


the


basic


concept


upon


which


our


society


was


founded.


Twentieth century American, fighting racism at home and abroad, had rejected the race views of


Plessy


V.


Ferguson


because


we


have


come


to


the


realization


that


such


views


obviously


tend


to


preserve


not


the


strength


but


the


weakness


of


our


heritage.



By


the


time


Marshall


made


this


argument, black intellectuals, scholars, and activists



and their progressive white allies had closed


ranks in support of integration. To suggest alternatives as the goal for African Americans was to


find oneself swimming against the current.




However, the NAACP campaign finally made great


achievements in Brown V Broad of Education of Topeka, probably the most significant Supreme


Court decision of the twentieth century. The results were monumental in their impact on American


society.


During


late


1953


and


early


1954,


Chief


Justice


Earl


Warren


brought


the


court


in


support


of

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