2019考研英语二阅读理解真题

2019

考研英语二阅读理解真题

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考研英语二阅读理解真题，

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Text1

Unlike

so-called

basic

emotions

such

as

sadness,

fear,

and

anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a

child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children

aren't

born

knowing

how

to

say

sorry

”

;

rather,

they

learn

over time that such statements appease parents and friends -

and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally

regard

so-called

moral

guilt,

in

the

right

amount,

to

be

a

good

thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets

a bad rap. It is deeply unfortable - it's the emotional

equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this

understanding is outdated.

or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can

serve,

University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a

larger recognition

that

emotions

aren't

binary -feelings that

may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.

Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us

to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be

destructive.

And

guilt,

by

prompting

us

to

think

more

deeply

about

our

goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix

relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a

cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed

in

this

light,

guilt

is

an

opportunity.

Work

by

Tina

Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,

suggests that guilt may pensate for an emotional deficiency.

In

a number

of studies,

Malti

and

others

have

shown

that

guilt

and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation

and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for

that shorfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in

their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can

substitute for low guilt.

In a xx study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children

Using caregiver assessments and the children's

self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy

level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after

moral

transgressions.

Then

the

kids

were

handed

chocolate

coins,

and given

a

chance to

shared them

with

an

anonymous

child.

For

the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn

on

how

inclined

they

were

to

feel

guilty.

The

guilt-prone

ones

shared more, even though they hadn't magically bee more

sympathetic to the other child's deprivation

because we caused harm and we feel regret,

”

英语二阅读题

chers

think

that

guit

can

be

a

good

thing

because

it may help____

A) foster a child`s moral development

B) regulate a child`s basic emontions

C) improve a child`s intellectual ability

D) intensity a child`s positive feelings

g to paragraph 2, many people still consider

guilt to be____

A) inexcusable

B) deception

C) addictive

D) burdensome

hold that the rethinking about guilt es from an

awareness that

A)emotions air context-independent

B)an emotion can playopposing roles

C)emotion are socially constructive

D)emotional stability can benefit health

Text 2

Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder

challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we

humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon

dioxide

we

produce,

we

are

threatening

their

ability

to

do

so.

The

climate

change

we

are

hastening

could

one

day

leave

us

with

forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.

Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap

—

but it

involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish

as valuable

reducing

their

capacity

to

sequester

carbon

now.

California

is

leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in

figuring out the details.

The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double

efforts

to

thin

out

young

trees

and

clear

brush

in

parts

of

the

forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily

lowers carbon-carrying

capacity.

But

the remaining

trees draw

a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and

thrive,

restoring

the

forest's

capacity

to

pull

carbon

from

the

air.

Healthy

trees

are

also

better

able

to

fend

off

bark

beetles.

The landscape is rendered less bustible. Even in the event of

a fire, fewer trees are consumed.

The

need

for

such

planning

is

increasingly

urgent.

Already,

since

xx,

drought

and

beetles

have

killed

more

than

100

million

trees in California, most of them in xx alone, and wildfires

have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.

California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of

forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030

—

financed from the

proceeds

of

the

state's

emissions-permit

auctions.

That's

only

a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an

estimated half

a million acres

in

all,

so

it

will

be

important

to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.

The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody

material removed from the forests is locked away in the form

of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would

otherwise run on fossil

fuels,

or

used

in

post or

animal

feed.

New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the

state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest

lands.

In

future

the

state

proposes

to

take

an

inventory

of

its

forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.

State

governments

are

well austomed

to managing

forests,

including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but

traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and

opportunities

for

recreation.

Only

recently

have

they

e

to

see

the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.

California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the

governor early next year, should serve as a model.

26.

“

One of the harder challenges

”

implies ___

A. global climate change may get out of control

B. forests may bee a potential threat

C. people may misunderstand global warming

D. extreme weather conditions may arise

27.

To

maintain

forests

as

valuable

sinks

we

may

need to _

ve diversity of species

B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity

C. aelerate the growth of young trees

D. strike a balance among different plants

rnia's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___

A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.

B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.

C. find more effective ways to kill insects

D. reduce the density of some of its forests

29.

What

is

essential

to

California's

plan

aording

to

para.

5?

A. To obtain enough financial support

B. To carry it out before 2020

C. To handle the areas in the serious danger first

D. To perfect the emission-permit auctions

author's attitude

toward

California's plan

can be

best described as ____

A. supportive

B. ambiguous

C. tolerant

D. cautious

Text 3

American

farmers

have

been

plaining

of

labor

shortages

for

several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal

immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job

market, the plaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul

of immigration rules for farm workers.

Efforts to create a more straightforward

agricultural-workers

visa

that

would

enable

foreign

workers

to

stay

longer

in

the

U.S.

and

change

jobs

within

the

industry

have

so far failed in Congress. If this doesn

’

t change, American

businesses, munities and consumers will be the losers.

Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented

immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the

characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.

Today

’

s

farm

laborers,

while

still

predominantly

born

in

Mexico,

are

more

likely

to

be

settled,

rather

than

migrating,

and

more

likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the

start

of

this

century,

about

one-third

of

crop

workers

were

over

the

age

of

35.

Now,

more

than

half

are.

And

crop

picking

is

hard

on older bodies.

One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as

implausible

as

it

has

been

all

along:

Native

U.S.

workers

won

’

t be returning to the farm.

In a study published in xx, economist Michael Clemens

analyzed

15

years

of

data

on

North

Carolina

’

s

farm-labor

market

and

concluded,

“

There

is

virtually

no

supply

of

native

manual

farm

laborers

”

in

the

state.

This

was

true

even

in

the

depths

of a severe recession.

Mechanization

is

not

the

answer

either

—

not

yet

at

least.

Production

of

corn,

cotton,

rice,

soybeans

and

wheat

have

been

largely

mechanized,

but

many

high-value,

labor-intensive

crops,