-
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a
separat
e subject.
Ma
nipulator appli
cation
bega
n to filter int
o
welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get
people's attenti
on
began
t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronics
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology makes a g
ood
optimizati
on of product
ive
ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
ood
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mechani
cal harve
sting large
areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high-speed
l
ine that use
s a robotic
arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation
combi
ned wit
h
restricti
ons
on
t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
several
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n dete
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the
mec
hani
cal arm is to use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that t
he robot
bega
nd
“十二五”国家信息化规划
?
出处：赛迪顾问
日期：
2010-06-03
2.1
政策环境
2.1.1
《
2006
～
2020
年国家信息化发展战略》推进日渐深入，
信息化建设指标更加清晰
中共中央办公厅、
< br>国务院办公厅印发
《
2006
～
2020
年国家信息化发展战略》
，<
/p>
提出大力推
进信息化，是覆盖我国现代化建设全局的战略举措，是
贯彻落实科学发展观、全面建设小康
社会、构建社会主义和谐社会和建设创新型国家的迫
切需要和必然选择。战略确定四个信息
化发展目标和六大战略计划，并提出九点相应的信
息化发展保障措施。到
2020
年，我国信息
< br>化发展的战略目标是，综合信息基础设施基本普及，信息技术自主创新能力显著增强，信息
产业结构全面优化，
国家信息安全保障水平大幅提高，
国民经济和社会信息化取得明显成效，
新型工业化发展模式初步确立，国家信息化发展的
制度环境和政策体系基本完善，国民信息
技术应用能力显著提高，为迈向信息社会奠定坚
实基础。
2.1.2
十七大首次提
出信息化与工业化融合发展命题，赋予信息化建设全新的命题
2007
年
10
< br>月，
中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会在北京胜利召开，
十七大强调必须
“
全
面认识工业化、信
息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展的新形势新任务，深刻把握中国
发展面临的新课
题新矛盾，
更加自觉地走科学发展道路
”
。
十七大首次鲜明地提出信息化与工
业化融合发展的崭新命题
，赋予了信息化建设全新的历史使命，信息化发展必将有新的、重
大的突破。同时还再度
明确了信息化战略地位，为信息化的长远发展提供了目标与方向。相
信在未来几年必将兴
起新一轮的信息化建设高潮。
2.1.3
七大领域开展信息化试点工作，明确重点任务，推进深入应用
2008
年
3
月，
国家发展和改革委员会办公厅发
出《国家发改委关于组织开展信息化试
点工作的通知》
，提出为
贯彻党的十七大精神，落实国民经济和社会发展信息化
“
十一五
”
规划
m
an
ipulat
or control m
ode
a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common. Ma
inly
these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you ca
n meet the
ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial
equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o
contr
ol mode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he complex
l
ogic
control, (2) only for
the
current
project,
t
he lack
of
com
patibi
lity and (3) not
reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
impr
ovements. S
pring for
t
he development of China's modern
i
ndustrial a
utomation
technology the s
ubsta
ntial
increase i
n the
level of
industrial aut
omation,
com
pleted t
he perfect relay
of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of
controlling t
he
computer showed
his
tw
o great advantage
s: (1)
each of the
hardw
are
ca
n be
installe
d
on one
or more
micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control
System (DCS for short), and (3) the
Programmable
Logi
cal
Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC
a
nd t
he IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1, ea
ch of
the three technologi
es of
origi
ns a
nd
development requirement
s for
fast data processing makes it inve
nted
the com
puter. The me
n
brought i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s,
is a ri
ch
software resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt use
d
to
contr
ol, whereas now it
is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC
is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the micr
oprocessor
i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged,
micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate
subject. Ma
nipulator
appli
cation bega
n to filter
int
o welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of t
his
robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronic
s
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology makes a g
ood
optimizati
on of productive
ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
oo
d
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mechani
cal harve
sting large
areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed
l
ine that use
s a robotic
arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation
combi
ned wit
h
restricti
ons
on
t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success
of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
sever
al
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n dete
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that
he robot
bega
nd
及电子商务发展
“
十一五
”
规划提出的重点任务，在大型骨干
企业信息系统外包服务、中小企
业电子商务服务、移动电子商务、电子认证服务、信用信
息服务、新农村综合信息服务、无
线射频技术应用等
7
个领域开展信息化试点工作。国家发展和改革委员会发出的《国家发改
委关于组织开展信息化试点工作的通知》
，表达了国家意志，
传
递了明确信息：信息化政策将
持续深入扎实贯彻；信息化推进重在应用。
2.1.4
组建工业和信息化部成为第
6
次国务院机构改革的一大热点
2008
年
3
月
11
日，
国务委员兼国务院秘书长华建敏在十一届全
国人大一次会议第四次全体
会议上作了关于国务院机构改革方案的说明。
组建工业和信息化部，
是新时期以来第
6
次国务
院机构改革的一大热点，是中国信息化进程中的大事。中国正处于工业
化加速发展的重要阶
段，新组建的工业和信息化部面临着
“
走新型工业化道路，推进信息化和工业化融合，推进高
新技术与传统
工业改造结合，促进工业由大变强
”
的重任。
< br>
2.1.5
地方政策环境日益完善
各个地方的信
息化政策也随时得到了更新与完善。例如，北京市根据市委、市政府关于
制定国民经济和
社会发展第十一个五年规划的总体部署，
依据
《国家信息化发展
战略
（
2006
－
2020
年）
》
、
《北京城市总体规划（
2004
－
2020
年）
》和《北京市国民经济
和社会发展第十
一个五年规划纲要》
，出台了《北京市
“
十一五
”
时期国民经
济和社会信息化发展规划》
。本规
划是
“
十一五
”
时期北京市信息化发展的指
导性文件，规划期限为
2006?
－
2010
年；广东省
出台了
“
广东省信息化发
展纲要（
2005
－
2020
年）
”
。该纲要的总体目标是，到
2010
年，全
省形成信息技术普遍适用、信
息资源合理利用、覆盖国民经济和社会各领域的较为完善的信
息化体系，提高信息产业化
水平，建成信息产业强省。到
2020
年，全省信息产业发展
、信息
技术研究、信息环境建设及信息资源利用等方面主要指标达到中等发达国家以上水
平，实现
产业信息化，建成
“
数字广东
”
。
2.2
经济形势
2.2.1
后危机时代世界范围内经济结构大调整时代的到来
m
anipulat
or
control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common. Ma
inly
these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you ca
n meet the
ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial
equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o
contr
ol mode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he complex
l
ogic
control, (2) only for
the
current
project,
t
he lack
of
com
patibi
lity and
(3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
impr
ovements. S
pring for
t
he development of China's modern
i
ndustrial a
utomation
technology the substa
ntial increase
i
n the
level of industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt
use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC
is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the micr
oprocessor
i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged,
micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n
indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject.
Ma
nipulator appli
cation
bega
n to filter int
o
welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get
people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under
s
pe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronics
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology m
akes a
g
ood optimizati
on of
productive ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
ood
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mec
hani
cal
harve
sting large areas
of
farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine
that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd
so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned
wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he
mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n
the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
several
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n det
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
国际金融危机及其引发的世界范围内经济的严重衰退，必将产生全球性经
济格局和经济
结构的重大变化，由此对我国产生长期、深刻的影响。后危机时代背景下外
需的萎缩，全球
都将进入需求不足的时代。与此同时，经历萎缩后必然伴随着结构的重大
调整，我国的经济
在此轮调整中是否还能持续保持高速增长仍然是政府当局面临的最主要
问题之一。即便外需
在水平和结构上都重新恢复，作为一个大国，我国不能把经济增长的
基础长期建立在外部市
场的过度需求上。
后危机时代经济全球化
的基本走势，
使我国发展的外部环境更加严峻复杂。
在这个特定
背景下，我们长期坚持的
“
大进大出
”
的增长方式应当终结。
2.2.2
发展型新阶段需求结构的战略性升级
经过
30
年的发展，
我国实现了经济的
长期快速增长，
社会发展阶段也发生了历史性变化，
由生存型阶
段跨入发展型阶段。在发展型新阶段，消费结构、经济结构和社会结构与生存型
阶段相比
有了重大变化，经济、社会与政府体制需要全面创新，使之与新阶段的经济社会发
展相适
应。进入发展型新阶段，需求结构开始进入战略性升级的阶段，重点表现在三个方面：
2 . 2 . 2 . 1
从日用消费品向耐用消费品的升
级。
我国城镇居民恩格尔系数在
1996
年降到
50%
以下，
2000
年农村居民恩格尔系数也降到
50%
以下，到
2008
年，城镇恩格尔系数进一步
降
到
36.3%
，农村恩格尔系数则降到
43.1%
。在食物支出比例大幅度降低的同时，耐用消费品
的
需求大幅度增加，主要表现在城乡居民对住房、汽车、电脑、高档电器等消费品的需求更
加普遍，大额消费支出持续攀升。
2 . 2 . 2 .
2
从私人产品需求到公共产品需求的升级。
由生存型阶段进入
发展型阶段，突
出地反映在城乡居民的发展型消费支出比例明显超过生存型消费支出比例
。近几年来，全社
会公共需求增长速度相当快，
个人用于公共产
品的年均支出，
大概是
90
年代中期以
前
5
年的支
出规模。以城乡居民在医疗
保健和教育等方面的支出为例，
1990
年至
< br>2006
年，这些满足公共
需求的支出在个人消费总支出
中的比重呈现明显上升的趋势。从全国来看，私人产品的需求
基本得到解决，而公共产品
供给不足的矛盾突出出来。
2 . 2 . 2 . 3 <
/p>
从物的追求到人的自身发展的追求。
从总体上说，在广大社会成员
生存问题
m
anipulat
or
control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common.
Ma
inly
these tw
o
relatively chea
p and you ca
n
meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple)
i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them
now,
however t
hese
tw
o contr
ol mode
s
(relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he
complex
ogic
control, (2)
only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity
and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
im
pr
ovements.
S
pring for t
he development
of China's modern i
ndustrial
a
utomation technology the
substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of
industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his
tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt use
d
to
contr
ol, whereas now it
is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
mean
s of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol.
Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the
micr
oprocessor i
n the early
1970 of the 20th
cent
ury
emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate
subject. Ma
nipulator
appli
cation bega
n to filter
int
o welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of t
his
robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronic
s
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology makes a g
ood
optimizati
on of productive
ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
oo
d
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mechani
cal harve
sting large
areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed
l
ine that use
s a robotic
arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation
combi
ned wit
h
restricti
ons
on
t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success
of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
sever
al
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n dete
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that
he robot
bega
nd
解决以后，人的自身发展的需求开始全面凸显。
为此，社会政策导向应当优先投资于人的发
展。生存型阶段，社会政策注重将资源用于减
轻人们的不幸和困境，保障其基本生活不受影
响。发展型社会政策重点是投资于人力资本
，投资于就业和创业计划，提高人们应对风险的
能力，促进人的自身发展。
2.2.3 “
十一五
”
转变经济增长方式的目标尚未彻底实现
在内外发展条件变化的情况下，
“
十二五
”
发展方式转型与变革的任务十分艰巨。并且从
近
4
年的实践看，
“
十一
五
”
确定的经济增长方式目标在多方面进展不大。应当说，
“
十一五
”
关
于转变经济增长方式的政策导向是相当好的。例如：把扩大国内需求特别是消费需求作为基<
/p>
本立足点；把调整经济结构作为主线；把促进增长方式根本转变作为着力点；把增强自主创
新能力作为国家战略；把改革开放作为动力；把提高人民生活作为根本出发点等。
从这几年的情况看，
尽管
“
十一五
”
< br>转变经济增长方式有某些新的进展，但总体说，主要
依靠投资和出口拉动的经济增
长方式尚未有实质性改变，
“
十一五
”
关于转变经济增长方式的
基本政策目标任务艰巨。
（
1
）
投资率居高不下。由
2 0 0
0
年的
3 5 . 3
%
提高到
2 0 0 8
年的
43.5%
。
2009
年情况
特殊，可能投资率还会高些。
（
2
）消费
率逐步下降。
2005
年为
51.8%
，
2008
年进一步下降为
48.6%
。
（
3
）外贸
依存度大幅上升。
2000
年是
39.
6%
，
2005
年为
< br>63.8%
，
2007
年进一步
上升到
64.8%
。
（
4
）
能源消费总量持续攀升。
2 0 0
0
年为
1 3 .
8
亿吨标准煤，
2 0 0
5
年上升到
2 2 . 5
亿吨标准煤
，
2008
年则进一步上升到
28.5
亿吨标准煤。
2.2.4
政府主导型经济增长方式的特点仍然比较突出
“
十一五
”
好的政策导向难以
全部落实，发展理念、相关体制改革滞后，但重要的在于地
方政府主导型经济增长方式的
特点仍很突出，
在应对国际金融危机中还有进一步强化的趋势。
其主要特点是以追求
GDP
为主要目标；
以扩大投资规模为主要任务；
以上重化工业项目和热
m
anipulat
or control
m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common. Ma
inly
these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you ca
n meet the
ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial
equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o
contr
ol mode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he complex
l
ogic
control, (2) only for
the
current
project,
t
he lack
of
com
patibi
lity and
(3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
impr
ovements. S
pring for
t
he development of China's modern
i
ndustrial a
utomation
technology the substa
ntial increase
i
n the
level of industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt
use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC
is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the micr
oprocessor
i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged,
micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n
indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject.
Ma
nipulator appli
cation
bega
n to filter int
o
welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get
people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under
s
pe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronics
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology m
akes a
g
ood optimizati
on of
productive ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
ood
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mec
hani
cal
harve
sting large areas
of
farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine
that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd
so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned
wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he
mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n
the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
several
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n det
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
衷批租土地为主要特点；以行政推动和行政与干预为主要手段。由此可见
，我国发展方式转
型的更大挑战不是经济本身，而是政府转型与政府决策。
“
十二五
”
经济社会体制改革能否取得实质性进展，很大程度上取决于公共服务型政府建
设能否有重大突破。
2.3
社会环境
国民经济和社会发展信息化
需要具备一定的社会环境才能够顺利进行，这主要包括人才
环境、产业环境等。这些社会
环境对中国城市信息化建设起着至关重要的作用。
2.3.1
人才环境
人才是国民经济和社会发展
信息化的第一要素，是国民经济和社会发展信息化建设形成
长效机制的关键条件。中国已
基本形成了以高等院校为主体，政府、企业和社会多渠道培养
信息化人才的格局，对改善
中国信息化人才的现状起到了很大的促进作用。
高等院校作为
培养人才的主力军为社会培养了大量的信息化专业人才。目前信息学科已
成为中国综合大
学和专业院校的必设学科，涵盖信息与通信工程、控制科学与工程、计算机
科学与技术以
及电子科学与技术等。中等职业技术学校信息化人才培养不断加强。在职培训
是目前中国
信息化人才培养的重要途径之一。
全国信息技术人才培养工程建立了软件工程师、
硬件工程师、网页设计师、网络工程师、
IT
职业英语五个大的职业教育项目，培养了大批信
息技术应用人才，同时还加强了信息化建
设人员的继续教育和岗位培训。
此外，
中国的人才政策不断完善。大
力引进人才，聘请国内外专家、学者、企业家等组
成
“
智囊团
”
，参与国民经济和社会发展信息化发展
战略制订、重大关键技术攻关、重点工程
项目方案评审和建设成果鉴定等工作。中国已经
基本创建了一个有利于信息技术人才发展和
创业的良好环境。
2.3.2
产业环境
信息产业是国民经济的基础产业、先导产业和支柱产业，在中国全面建设小康社会和现
代化建设中起着举足轻重的作用。信息产业的发展和壮大直接影响国民经济和社会发展信息
m
anipulat
or control
m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common.
Ma
inly
these tw
o
relatively chea
p and you ca
n
meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple)
i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them
now,
however t
hese
tw
o contr
ol mode
s
(relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he
complex
ogic
control, (2)
only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity
and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
im
pr
ovements.
S
pring for t
he development
of China's modern i
ndustrial
a
utomation technology the
substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of
industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his
tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt use
d
to
contr
ol, whereas now it
is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
mean
s of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol.
Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the
micr
oprocessor i
n the early
1970 of the 20th
cent
ury
emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate
subject. Ma
nipulator
appli
cation bega
n to filter
int
o welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of t
his
robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronic
s
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology makes a g
ood
optimizati
on of productive
ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
oo
d
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mechani
cal harve
sting large
areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed
l
ine that use
s a robotic
arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation
combi
ned wit
h
restricti
ons
on
t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success
of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
sever
al
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n dete
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that
he robot
bega
nd
化发展进程。
“
十一五
”
期间，
中国信息产业服务经济社会发
展和信息化建设的能力显著增强。随着
“
十五
< br>”
计划的全面完成以及
“
十一五
”
计划的深入开展，中国电信网络和用户规模位居世界第
一位，电子信息产业规模位居世界前列，信息产业增加值占
GDP
比例
“
十一五
”<
/p>
期间提高
2.2
个百分点；通信业转型与
发展成效显著，通信业务总量
“
十一五
”
期间年均增长
28.5%
，
5
年增
长
2.5
倍；电子信息产业发展与结构调整成效显著，电子信息产业销售收入年均增长
< br>27%
，规
模
5
年扩大
3.3
倍。此外，在信息化推进等方面也取得重
大进展。
2008
年信息产业增加值完成
2.18
万亿元。国家关于加强宏观调控、优先发展高新技术产业和现代服务业的举措
在信息产
业取得了明显成效。
2.3.3
城市化进程
中国城市化的进程不断加速，已经并将持续成为中国经济增长的基本动力。城市化以工
业化为前提，工业化的发展又推动着城市化的进程。同时，我国城市又面临信息化问题。城
市信息化是中国城市发展的新主题与新动力，是解决目前我国城市发展中面临的诸多难题的
重要途径。
城市化与城市信息化要同步进行。
城市化是解决
“
三农问题
”
问题的根本出路，利用信息
化手段突破城乡地理界限，填平城市与农村之间
的数字鸿沟，促进城乡在经济、社会各个领
域的互动。实现城市现代化，必须走科技含量
高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、
人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道
路。这就要坚持
“
信息化与工业化融合
”
。城市化
有利于第三产业的发展。城市信息化过程需要大量的
软件产品、硬件设备、咨询监理、技术
支持、信息服务等，这都会为城市增加大量的就业
机会，缓解当前城市就业难题。
综上所述，城市化有利于开展
城市信息化，城市信息化也有利于城市化进程。因此，城
市化与城市信息化要同步进行。
2.4
技术环境
2.4.1
物联网物联网是在互联网基础上的
m
anipulat
or
control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common. Ma
inly
these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you ca
n meet the
ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial
equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o
contr
ol mode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he complex
l
ogic
control, (2) only for
the
current
project,
t
he lack
of
com
patibi
lity and
(3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
impr
ovements. S
pring for
t
he development of China's modern
i
ndustrial a
utomation
technology the substa
ntial increase
i
n the
level of industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt
use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC
is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the micr
oprocessor
i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged,
micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n
indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject.
Ma
nipulator appli
cation
bega
n to filter int
o
welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get
people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under
s
pe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronics
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology m
akes a
g
ood optimizati
on of
productive ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
ood
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mec
hani
cal
harve
sting large areas
of
farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine
that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd
so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned
wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he
mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n
the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
several
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n det
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
延伸和扩展的网络；物联网将网络终端从普通
P
C
延伸和扩展到了任何物品与物品之间，
进行信息交换和通讯。
通过射频识别（
RFID
）
、红外感应
器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等
信息传感设备，按约定的协议，把任何物品与互联网连
接起来，进行信息交换和通讯，进而
实现各种网络终端设施的智能化识别、定位、跟踪、
实时监控和动态管理。
2.4.2
云计算
云计算是虚拟化
（
Virtualization
）
、
效用计算
（
Utility
Computing
）
、
IaaS
（基础设施即服务）
、
PaaS
（平台即服务）
、
SaaS
（软件即服务）
等技术的组合体。
云计算是分布式计算技术的
一种。
是指通过网络将庞大的计算处理程序自动分拆成无数个较小的子程序，再交由多部
服务器所
组成的庞大系统经搜寻、计算分析之后将处理结果回传给用户。通过这项技术，
网络服务提
供者可以在数秒之内，达成处理数以千万计甚至亿计的信息，达到和
“
超级计算机
”
同样强
大
效能的网络服务。
2.4.3
三网融合
三网融合并不仅仅意味着电
信网、计算机网和有线电视网三大网络的物理合一，还包括
高层业务应用的融合。其表现
为技术上趋向一致，网络层上可以实现互联互通，形成无缝覆
盖，业务层上互相渗透和交
叉，应用层上趋向使用统一的
IP
协议，在经营上互相竞争、互
相
合作，朝着向人类提供多样化、多媒体化、个性化服务的同一目标逐渐交汇在一起，行
业管
制和政策方面也逐渐趋向统一。三大网络通过技术改造，能够提供包括语音、数据、
图像等
综合多媒体的通信业务。这样可以有效降低成本，促进业务流程的集成，简化运行
并提高生
产率和利润。
2.4.4
移动互联网
移动互联网是一个全国性的、以宽带
IP
为技术核心的，可同时提供话音、传真、数据、
图像、多媒体等高品质电信服务的新
一代开放的电信基础网络，是国家信息化建设的重要组
成部分。简单的说，能让用户在移
动中通过移动设备随时、随地访问
Internet
，获取信息
、进
行商务、娱乐等各种网络服务，就是移动
Internet
。它是将移动通信和互联网这两大技术的融
m
< br>anipulat
or control m
ode
a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common.
Ma
inly
these tw
o
relatively chea
p and you ca
n
meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple)
i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them
now,
however t
hese
tw
o contr
ol mode
s
(relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he
complex
ogic
control, (2)
only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity
and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
im
pr
ovements.
S
pring for t
he development
of China's modern i
ndustrial
a
utomation technology the
substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of
industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his
tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt use
d
to
contr
ol, whereas now it
is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
mean
s of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol.
Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the
micr
oprocessor i
n the early
1970 of the 20th
cent
ury
emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate
subject. Ma
nipulator
appli
cation bega
n to filter
int
o welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of t
his
robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronic
s
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology makes a g
ood
optimizati
on of productive
ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
oo
d
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mechani
cal harve
sting large
areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed
l
ine that use
s a robotic
arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation
combi
ned wit
h
restricti
ons
on
t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success
of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
sever
al
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n dete
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that
he robot
bega
nd
合而产生的，已经成为当今世界发展最快、市场
潜力最大、前景最诱人的业务。目前，移动
互联网正逐渐渗透到人们生活、工作的各个领
域，短信、铃图下载、移动音乐、手机游戏、
视频应用、手机支付、位置服务等丰富多彩
的移动互联网应用迅猛发展，正在深刻改变信息
时代的社会生活，移动互联网经过几年的
曲折前行，终于迎来了新的发展高潮。
以国家、省、市
“
十二五
”
发展战略为指导，牢固树立科学发展观，贯彻落实党的十七大
两化融合方针，从信息化实际情况出发，以信息化试点地区和重点项目为契机，全面分析信
息化发展的现状和形势，统筹兼顾长远利益和当前利益、全局利益和局部利益，突出规划的
前瞻性、战略性和专业性，发挥规划的引导和规范作用，使
“
十二五
”
信息化规划成为政府部
门履行职责、推进全社会信息化的重要依据，结合地区社会、政治、文化、经济、产业的特
点，
结合信息化建设的先进理念和实证研究，
构建地
区国民经济与社会信息化发展战略体系，
为信息化建设提供指导依据。规划实施过程中，
要坚持市场导向与政府推进相结合、联合建
设与有序竞争相结合、自主创新与引进技术相
结合、全面发展与重点推进相结合的原则，着
力优化经济结构。
赛迪顾问认为，
信息化规划因素综合
考虑区域总体经济发展实力
（基于信息化成熟度模
型考虑国民经
济和社会发展现状）
、
政府管理、建设内容用与影响因素。在信
息化建设的不同
阶段和发展的不同时期，
这些要素的影响作用及
影响程度各不相同。
在信息化发展初级阶段，
城市总体经济发展
实力和经济效益是影响信息化发展的决定因素，没有一定的经济基础和强
烈的市场需求，
难以从根本上推动整个信息化的发展。而在信息化建设的过程中，一个城市
的科技、教育
水平以及信息化人才的匮乏又将成为城市信息化建设的瓶颈，这些问题不能得
到有效地解
决，必将对信息化建设以及可持续发展产生重大的影响，所以信息化规划思路应
该综合考
虑以上问题。
3.1 “
十二五
”
信息化规划指导思想与建设原则
3.1.1 “
十二五
”
信息化规划的指导思想
工业和信息化部
2 0 1 0
年初印
发的
《关于做好工业通信业和信息化
“
十二五
”
规划工作的意
m
anipulat
or control m
ode
a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common. Ma
inly
these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you ca
n meet the
ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial
equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o
contr
ol mode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he complex
l
ogic
control, (2) only for
the
current
project,
t
he lack
of
com
patibi
lity and
(3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
impr
ovements. S
pring for
t
he development of China's modern
i
ndustrial a
utomation
technology the substa
ntial increase
i
n the
level of industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt
use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC
is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the micr
oprocessor
i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged,
micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n
indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject.
Ma
nipulator appli
cation
bega
n to filter int
o
welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get
people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under
s
pe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronics
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology m
akes a
g
ood optimizati
on of
productive ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
ood
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mec
hani
cal
harve
sting large areas
of
farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine
that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd
so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned
wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he
mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n
the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
several
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n det
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
见》指出
“
十二五
”
规划的指导思想要以邓小平理论、
“
三个代表
”
重要思想为指导，全面贯彻
落实科学发展观，坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，以加快发展方式根本性转变为主线，以<
/p>
自主创新、深化改革、扩大开放为基本动力，从调整要素投入结构、供给结构和需求结构入
手，着力推进工业转型升级，着力推进现代产业体系发展，着力推进信息化与工业化深度
融
合，着力推进军民融合式发展，显著提高发展的稳定性、协调性和可持续性，显著增强
产业
国际竞争力和抗风险能力，为建设工业强国、构建信息社会打下坚实基础。
以我国
“
十一五
”
信息化发展现状和问题为出
发点，结合国家对
“
十二五
”
信息化的发展
思路，赛迪顾问认为国民经济和社会发展信息化
“
十二五
”
规划的思路为
：以邓小平理论、
“
三
个代表
”
重要思想为指导，全面贯彻落实科学发展观，以两化融合为主线，以信
息产业发展为
基础，以信息化应用为重点，以体制创新和技术创新为动力，加强信息基础
设施建设，优化
信息化发展环境，为建设工业强国、构建信息社会打下坚实基础。两化融
合是
“
十二五
”
< br>信
息化规划的主线。
“
两化融合
”
是生产力发展的必然结果，是中国特色新型工业化道路的本质
特征，是科学发展的内在需求。
“
两化
融合
”
是指信息化与工业化互相依存、互相促进、共生
共荣的历史进程。
“
十二五
”
信息化必须全面借鉴
30
年来国内外历史经验教训，全面分析中国经济社会发展
面临的一系列
新问题基础上，在对
“
两化融合
”
的发展战略深入研究基础上，制定
“
两化融
合
”
的目标、内容、策略等，切实推进工业转型升级，同时通过
大力推进
“
两化融合
”
进程，带动
信息产业和其他领域的信息化发展。
信息产业是
“
十二五
”
信息化发展的基础。信息产
业和信息化的关系是互为因果和相互
促进的关系，信息产业以信息技术的发展为基础，是
信息化发展的基础和前提，而信息化则
是信息技术的普及和应用，它为信息产业的发展创
造市场，提供需求，从而也是信息产业发
展的基础和前提。通过大力推进信息化应用，拉
动产业发展和经济增长，改变以资源消耗为
代价的粗放型经济增长方式，促进经济结构战
略性调整。
加大国民经济和社会发展各方面的信息化应用深度
是
“
十二五
”
信息化的重点。以改善人
m
anipulat
< br>or control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common.
Ma
inly
these tw
o
relatively chea
p and you ca
n
meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple)
i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them
now,
however t
hese
tw
o contr
ol mode
s
(relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he
complex
ogic
control, (2)
only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity
and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
im
pr
ovements.
S
pring for t
he development
of China's modern i
ndustrial
a
utomation technology the
substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of
industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his
tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt use
d
to
contr
ol, whereas now it
is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
mean
s of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol.
Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the
micr
oprocessor i
n the early
1970 of the 20th
cent
ury
emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate
subject. Ma
nipulator
appli
cation bega
n to filter
int
o welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of t
his
robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronic
s
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology makes a g
ood
optimizati
on of productive
ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
oo
d
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mechani
cal harve
sting large
areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed
l
ine that use
s a robotic
arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation
combi
ned wit
h
restricti
ons
on
t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success
of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
sever
al
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n dete
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that
he robot
bega
nd
民生活质量、提高政府服务水平和增强企业竞争
力为出发点，深化信息化在社会公共服务领
域的应用，建设电子政务公共服务体系，提升
信息化对区域、行业和企业发展的支撑力度。
体制创新和技术创新是
“
十二五
”
信息化发展动力。信息
化管理体制和信息技术是影响信息化
发展的两个关键因素，通过体制创新理顺信息化发展
环境，促进信息化健康有序发展，同时
提高自主创新能力，鼓励信息技术的研发，为信息
化发展奠定基础。
为建设工业强国、构建信息社会打下坚实基
础是
“
十二五
”
信息化发展的宏观目标。信息
化可以国民经济发展和社会发展两个层面进行有效支撑。
通过
“
两化融合
”
可以有效提升传统
产业的竞争力、孕育新兴产业，为工业强国目标提供有力支撑；通
过政府和社会的信息化应
用，提高政府管理和服务能力，提升社会服务水平，为构建信息
化社会提供支撑。
3.1.2 “
十
二五
”
信息化规划原则
“
十二五
”
期间，国民经济
与社会发展信息化应该本着一定的原则，例如：统筹协调，资
源共享；立足需求，注重效
益；面向市场，开拓创新；以民为本，服务发展。
（
1
）发挥政府在政策引导、制度保障等方面的作用，综合平衡各行业、领
域、产业间的
信息化发展，处理好各方面的问题和矛盾，充分整合网络基础设施、业务系
统和信息资源，
促进资源的共享共用。面向某地区的关键角色梳理关键需求，通过信息化
提升区县的服务能
力和管理水平，创造良好的投资创业环境以提升吸引力。
（
2
）
< br>从解决经济和社会发展的实际问题入手，从政府、
企业和公众的迫切需求出发组织
信息化建设，把经济效益和社会效益作为衡量信息化建设的重要标准，不搞没有效益的信
息
化，走低成本、高效益的信息化发展之路。统一规划，对业务系统和数据进行综合梳理
，实
现业务信息和数据共享和交换，解决信息孤岛，实现资源共享，避免重复建设。信息
化建设
任务重，周期长，投资大，宜采取分步实施的策略，聚焦各阶段重点问题，以点带
面、逐步
深入，在实施中不断审视，及时调整，增强实施及应用效果。
< br>
（
3
）
强化信息化建设过程中市场机制的主导作用和企业的主体地位，
调动社会各方面参
与信息化建设的主动性和积极性，鼓励企业参与建设、运营、筹资和管理；创新体制和机制，
m
anipulat
or
control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common. Ma
inly
these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you ca
n meet the
ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial
equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o
contr
ol mode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he complex
l
ogic
control, (2) only for
the
current
project,
t
he lack
of
com
patibi
lity and
(3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
impr
ovements. S
pring for
t
he development of China's modern
i
ndustrial a
utomation
technology the substa
ntial increase
i
n the
level of industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt
use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC
is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the micr
oprocessor
i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged,
micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n
indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject.
Ma
nipulator appli
cation
bega
n to filter int
o
welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get
people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under
s
pe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronics
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology m
akes a
g
ood optimizati
on of
productive ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
ood
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mec
hani
cal
harve
sting large areas
of
farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine
that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd
so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned
wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he
mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n
the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
several
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n det
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
促进信息技术与管理创新的有机结合，大力提高信息技术自主创新能力，
激活信息化发展动
力。适度超前规划，地区信息化规划需要在资金和能力范围内，在功能
设计、技术选择、设
备选用等方面做到适度超前，同时，制定统一的系统规范和接口标准
，满足功能扩展需求。
（
4
）以便民利民为宗旨，把信息化建设的着力点放在满足市民需求和城市发展全局上，
增强城市综合竞争力和服务功能，提高市民生活质量。
3.2“
十二五
”
信息化规划目标
“
十二五
”
信息化规划要通过
“
两化融合
”
提升传统
产业竞争力，大力发展信息产业等新
兴产业，
提高政府和社会大
众的信息化应用水平，
全面支撑工业强国和信息社会的发展目标。
《国家信息化的战略目标（
2006-2020
）
》明确制定了我国到
2020
< br>年应该达到的一系列重
要目标为：
●
综合信息基础设施基本普及；
●
信息技术自主创新能力显著增强；
●
信息产业结构全面优化；
●
国家信息安全保障水平大幅提高；
●
国民经济和社会信息化取得明显成效；
●
新型工业化发展模式初步确立；
●
国家信息化发展的制度环境和政策体系基本完善；
●
国民信息技术应用能力显著提高；
●
为迈向信息社会奠定坚实基础。
4.1 “
十二五
”
< br>信息化规划主要任务
信息化是充分利用信息技术，开发
利用信息资源，促进信息交流和知识共享，提高经济
增长质量，推动经济社会发展转型的
历史进程。信息化发展对中国经济、社会具有十分重大
的影响。我国信息化的五大应用领
域如下：经济领域的信息化，
包括农业信息化、服务业信
息化、两化融合、信息产业等；社会领域的信息化，
包括民生、公共卫生、劳动保障等；政
m
anipu
lat
or control m
ode
a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common.
Ma
inly
these tw
o
relatively chea
p and you ca
n
meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple)
i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them
now,
however t
hese
tw
o contr
ol mode
s
(relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he
complex
ogic
control, (2)
only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity
and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
im
pr
ovements.
S
pring for t
he development
of China's modern i
ndustrial
a
utomation technology the
substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of
industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his
tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt use
d
to
contr
ol, whereas now it
is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
mean
s of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol.
Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the
micr
oprocessor i
n the early
1970 of the 20th
cent
ury
emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate
subject. Ma
nipulator
appli
cation bega
n to filter
int
o welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of t
his
robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronic
s
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology makes a g
ood
optimizati
on of productive
ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
oo
d
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mechani
cal harve
sting large
areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed
l
ine that use
s a robotic
arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation
combi
ned wit
h
restricti
ons
on
t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success
of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
sever
al
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n dete
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that
he robot
bega
nd
务领域的信息化，包括政府办公、对外服务等；
文化领域的信息化，包括图书、档案、文博、
广电、网络治理等；军事领域的信息化，<
/p>
包括装备、情报、指挥、后勤等。国民经济和社会
发展信息化
“
十二五
”
规划主要关注经济、社会和政务领域的信息化，部分地区包含文化领域
信息化。
4.1.1
经济领域信息化
4.1.1.1
农业信息化
农业信息化是指充分运用
信息技术的最新成果，全面实现农业生产管理、农产品营销农
业科技信息和知识的获取、
处理、传播和合理利用，加速传统农业改造，大幅度地提高农业
生产效率管理和经营决策
水平，促进农业持续、稳定、高效发展过程。农业信息化建设重点
为完善信息网络基础设
施，建设农业信息平台，增强农业信息服务功能，基本实现信息体系
网络化、自动化，信
息采集制度化、规范化，信息领域综合化、一体化，信息质量定量化、
数字化，信息服务
要多样化、社会化。信息引导成为政府对农业和农村经济运行发展进行调
控的重要手段，
信息的有效利用率对促进农民增收起到显著作用，农业基本实现信息化。
4.1.1.2
服务业信息化
服务业信息化主要是通过信息技术改造传统服务业，打造现代服务业。现代服务业是指
信息和知识相对密集的服务业，它依托现代化的新技术、新业态和新的服务方式，向社会提
供高附加值、高层次、知识型的生产服务和生活服务，主要包括金融、信息咨询、电子商务<
/p>
等行业。相对于传统服务业而言，现代服务业能更准确、快捷地配置社会资源，更大程度地
降低能耗。它具有三大特征：
以网络和信息技术为主要依托，知
识和技术密集程度不断提高，
服务的市场和提供服务的主体呈全球化的趋势。信息化是现
代服务业发展的加速器，通过信
息化手段可以使信息资源直接变现为收益，服务业功能更
加丰富，服务业管理方式从粗放型
向精确化转变；信息化能够大大提高服务业的服务能力
，可以大大节约交易成本，从整体上
提高运营效率。
4.1.1.3
信息化与工业化融合
m
anipulat
or
control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common. Ma
inly
these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you ca
n meet the
ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial
equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o
contr
ol mode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he complex
l
ogic
control, (2) only for
the
current
project,
t
he lack
of
com
patibi
lity and
(3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
impr
ovements. S
pring for
t
he development of China's modern
i
ndustrial a
utomation
technology the substa
ntial increase
i
n the
level of industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt
use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC
is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the micr
oprocessor
i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged,
micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
Manipulator i
s now used
a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control
obje
ctives often
appear
often i
n industrial
automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as
mat
ure a technology li
ne
ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n
indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject.
Ma
nipulator appli
cation
bega
n to filter int
o
welding, l
ogistics,
mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd
ot
her i
ndustries.
E
spe
cially at
high
or very low
tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar
cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great
conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get
people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of
devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor
inte
nsive a
spe
cts
of
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd
a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various
special cir
cumstances a
nd
under
s
pe
cial
conditions
set for
mechani
cal devi
ces. Now
tur
ned
on the
devel
opme
nt of the
mi
croele
ctronics
automati
c control
technology
a
nd t
he rapi
d
devel
opme
nt of the trains,
the success of PLC har
dware software
and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful
development, now
conti
nue
s to
develop as a factory a
utomation
standards. Beca
use robots are
g
ood devel
opme
nt
of the technology m
akes a
g
ood optimizati
on of
productive ca
pital, and robot shows
t
his
uni
que
a
dvantages,
such as: has
g
ood
com
patibi
lity,
wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete,
a
nd
programming that can be
mastered in
a short time, so
i
n the
context of industrial
PLC applications be
came ubiquitous.
Ma
nipulator i
n many
devel
ope
d country
agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of
mec
hani
cal
harve
sting large areas
of
farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine
that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd
so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned
wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he
mani
pulator
devel
opment level
i
s slightly low
er
tha
n the inter
national.
T
he de
sign is
mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of
design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of
consolidati
on,
understand
has
some usually
didn't
opport
unitie
s
awarene
ss i
n
worl
d range within some
leadi
ng level of knowle
dge
has
has must awarene
ss, hope
desig
ners
can i
n
yihou of design i
n the
can
success of usi
ng in this
de
sign i
n
the
pr
ocee
ds
of
experience 1.2 manipulator i
n
bot
h at home and
abroa
d of
resear
ch pr
ofile
aut
omation
me
cha
nical arm
rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury
medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and
aut
omation
te
chnol
ogy of
devel
opme
nt, Makes
me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial
aut
omation a
nd shine,
gradually be
came an
i
ndustrial evaluati
on
sta
ndar
ds, a
nd
its im
portance can be see
n.
Now origi
nal roboti
c arm
spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As
the first generation
of manipulator
position control
systems main features,
althoug
h not back
several
generati
ons t
hat
ca
n det
ct the external
e
nvironment, but ca
n
still
successf
ully
com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng,
del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts.
Se
cond generation
me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors
a
nd ma
nipulators
hav
e the
envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to
use the
program as a ba
sis.
Difference is that t
he robot
bega
nd
近年来，
党和国家对信息化的认识逐步深入，从
“
十六大
”
的
“
以信息化带
动工业化、以
工业化促进信息化
”
论断
，到党的
“
十七大
”
< br>进一步上升为
“
促进信息化与工业化融合，走新型
工业化道路
”
。
信息
化与工业化融合是党中央、
国务院在我国经济社会发展新的历史起点上所
做出的重大战略部署，是时代发展的必然要求。两化融合是工业化与信息化双赢的战略，就
是通过信息化我们可以对我们的传统制造业进行信息化的改造，实现传统产业的升级换代，
达到带动工业化创新、发展、升级的目的。另外一方面，工业化的发展，又可以提高我们先
进制造业的水平，反过来促进我们信息化的核心技术和产业的发展，也为信息化的深入发展
提供技术和产业的支撑。还有，两化融合也会催生一批信息化的新兴产业，推动信息时代新
的经济体系和产业结构的形成。
4.1.1.4
信息产业
作为信息化发展的基础，
信息产业作
为新兴产业受到极大的关注，
“
十一五
”
期间取得了
很大成绩。
“
十二五
”
期间将以提高计算机企业创新能力为着力
点，积极实施自主创新的标准
化战略，及时跟踪国际信息产业技术标准的发展动态，支持
计算机企业通过重大项目和市场
化利益共享机制建立组成技术创新联盟。同时利用社会集
中力量的优势，进行若干重大科研
项目的攻关，在
“
十二五
”
规划期间实现在重点前沿科技领域中逐渐
缩小与国际先进研发水平
的差距，提高计算机产业的整体水平和竞争力。
4.1.2
社会领域信息化
4.1.2.1
城市管理信息化
城市管理信息化指在
城市管理活动中，通过将城市管理对象的地域特征，形象特征，属
性特征数字化，并将这
些数字化后的特征数据采用计算机、
网络等信息技术手段，进行存储、
< br>传输、整合、分析，最终以声音、图像、图形、文字等形式输出，作为城市管理的重要技术
依据，以提高城市管理效率、质量和整体水平，维护和拓展城市综合功能的整个过程。利用
信息化技术进行城市管理，可以将法制、行政的定性管理方法加以量化，其存储、传输、处
理信息的数量、速率，是传统人工方式难以达到的，城市管理的效率将成倍提高，整个城市
m
anipulat
or control
m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e
controller
s introduction 2.1
S
elect
discussion with
ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1
cl
assificati
on
of
control relays
and discrete
ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old
i
ndustrial
e
qui
pment,
but
also more
common.
Ma
inly
these tw
o
relatively chea
p and you ca
n
meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple)
i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them
now,
however t
hese
tw
o contr
ol mode
s
(relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1)
cannot a
dapt to t
he
complex
ogic
control, (2)
only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity
and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with
e
qui
pment
im
pr
ovements.
S
pring for t
he development
of China's modern i
ndustrial
a
utomation technology the
substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of
industrial
aut
omation, com
pleted
t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of controlling
t
he
computer showed
his
tw
o great
advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2)
the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content
control is all a
bout. Now in several
ways in t
he context of industrial
a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three
ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l
Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2)
Distri
bute
d Control System
(DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for
short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he
IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
ea
ch of the three
technologi
es of origi
ns
a
nd
development
requirement
s for fast data processing
makes it inve
nted the
com
puter. The me
n brought
i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h
level of standardi
zation,
ca
n use m
ore compatibility
tool
s, is a ri
ch software
resources, especially t
he
ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the
com
puter can effectively control
i
s used to
control and meet
its spee
d, on the virtua
l
model
, real-time a
nd
i
n computational
re
quireme
nts.
Distri
bute
d system started
wit
h a contr
ol system for
industrial a
utomatic
i
nstrume
nt use
d
to
contr
ol, whereas now it
is
successfully deve
loped
int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction
a
nd
distri
bution
system and transiti
on
of
distributed
contr
ol
system
in
a
nalog
ue
ha
ndli
ng, l
oop
control,
has beg
un
t
o reflect the use of a huge
adva
ntage. Thoug
h
distri
bute
d system has great
adva
ntages in l
oop
regulati
on,
but only as a
mean
s of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol.
Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay
nee
ds wa
s bor
n,
its main
use i
n the
w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay
this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the
runni
ng order of functi
ons.
Marked
by the
micr
oprocessor i
n the early
1970 of the 20th
cent
ury
emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics
technol
ogy ha
s
devel
ope
d
rapi
dly,
people soon
microel
ectronics processing technology
w
ill be
used i
n
the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that
is
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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