-
医学英语中单词颇多
,
但医学英语的学习有个技
巧就是学习前后缀
,
不过医学英语中的前后
缀也说实话也有很多的
.
可还是有一些前后缀是最常用的<
/p>
,
掌握了他们你其实可以猜出大部
分的医
学英语单词的意思
.
下面小辈列出这些最常用的供参考
.
1
.人体主要器官前缀
名称
通用名
前(后)缀
常用形容词
示例
心
heart cardiao- cardial
cardium/carditis/cardiology
脑
brain
encepholo- cerebral
cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology
肺
lung pulmo-
pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology
肝
liver hepato-
hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology
胃
stomach gastro-
gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology
胆
gallbladder
chole- biliary
holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠
intestine
entero- intestinal
enteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾
spleen splen-
splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰
pancreas
pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾
kidney nephro-
renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology
2
.与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀
名称
通用名
前(后)缀
示例
血
blood hemo-/hemato
hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma
血管
vessel vaso-
vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular
静脉
vein veno-
venography/intravenous/venoconstriction
动脉
artery
arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis
肌
muscle myo-
mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓
marrow
myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经
nerve
neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞
cell
cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte
尿
urine uro-/ur-
urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体
body
somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
3
.与数字有关的前缀
数字
前缀
示例
一(单)
mono-/uni-
monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional
二
bi-/di-
bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide
三
tri-
trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve
四
tetra-
tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五
penta-
pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六
hexa-
hexachromic/benzene
hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七
hepta-
heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent
八
octa-
octahedral/octal system
九
nona- nonapeptide/nonagon
十
deca-
decade/decagram/decaliter
注:
十位数的表示一般为:
个位数前缀
+deca
< br>,
如:
hexadecanol
(十六烷醇)
,
tetradecapeptide
gastrin
(十四肽胃泌素)
,
octadecanoic acid
(十八烷酸)
4
.颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色
通用名
前缀
示例
色
color
chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer
红
red erythro-
erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer
白
white leuko-
leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira
黑
black melano-
melena/melanoma/melanoderma
黄
yellow xantho-
xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma
蓝
blue
cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫
violet/purple
绿
green
棕
brown brown
mixture/brown ring
橙
orange Victoria orange/ethyl
orange/orange G
粉红
pink oink frothy sputum
绯红
crimson
青铜
bronzed
bronzed diabetes
注:有些病名的
“
蓝
”“
紫
”“
青
”
为同义,其前缀都为
“
cyano-
”
.
5
.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(1)
含义
前(后)缀
形容词
示例
病
patho-
pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
/-pathy
-pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy
病态
-osis -otic
neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis
增多
leukocytosis/e
rythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少
-penia -penic
leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia
无
a-/an-
atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia
小
/
微
-let droplet/platelet/leaflet
micro-
microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus
大
/
巨
macro-
macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage
-megaly
splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly
复合
/
多
poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia
全
/
泛
pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6
.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(
2)
含义
前(后)缀
示例
相反
dis- disease/disorder/disability
困难
/
障碍
dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea
不良
mal-
malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice
炎症
-it is
appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis
瘤
/
块
-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma
血症
-emia
leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia
痛
-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-
analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer
麻痹
-plegia
hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia
流出
-rrhea
diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死
-necrosis
necro-/necr-
hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia
结石
litho-/-lith
lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes
7
.与方位有关的前缀
含义
通用词
前缀
示例
上
upper/superior
pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal
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