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第二军医大学医学英语的顶级人物张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀
这是第二军医大学医学英语的顶级人物张顺兴教授总结的医
学英语前后缀
医学英语中单词颇多
,
但医学英语的学习有个技巧就是学习前后缀
,
< br>不过医学英语中的前后
缀也说实话也有很多的
.
可还是有一些前后缀是最常用的
,
掌握了他们你
其实可以猜出大部
分的医学英语单词的意思
.
< br>下面小辈列出这些最常用的供参考
.
1
.人体主要器官前缀
名称
通用名
前(后)缀
常用形容词
示例
心
heart
cardiao-
cardial
cardium/carditis/cardiology
脑
brain
encepholo-
cerebral
cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology
肺
lung
pulmo-
pulmonary
pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology
肝
liver
hepato-
hepatic
hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology
胃
stomach
gastro-
gastric
gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology
胆
gallbladder
chole-
biliary
ho
lecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠
intestine
entero-
intestinal
enteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾
spleen
splen-
splenic
splenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰
pancreas
pancreato-
pancreatic
pancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾
kidney
nephro-
renal/nephric
nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology
2
.与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀
名称
通用名
前(后)缀
示例
血
blood
hemo-/hemato
hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma
血管
vessel
vaso-
vasopressor/cardiovaso
logy/verebrovascular
静脉
vein
veno-
venography/intravenous/venoconstriction
动脉
artery
arterio-
arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis
肌
muscle
myo-
mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓
marrow
myel-/myelo-
myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经
nerve
neur-/neyro-
neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞
cell
cyto-/-cyte
cytology/cytoma/leukocyte
尿
urine
uro-/ur-
urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体
body
somato-/some
somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
3
.与数字有关的前缀
数字
前缀
示例
一(单)
mono-/uni-
monomer/monoclone/carbon
monoxide/unidirectional
二
bi-/di-
bilateral/biphasiccarbon
dioxide/dipeptide
三
tri-
trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal
nerve
四
tetra-
tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五
penta-
pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六
hexa-
hexachromic/benzene
hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七
hepta-
heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent
八
octa-
octahedral/octal
system
九
nona-
nonapeptide/nonagon
十
deca-
decade/decagram/decaliter
注:
十位数的表示一般为:个位数前缀
+deca
,如:
hexadecanol
(十六烷醇),
tetr
adeca
peptide
gastrin
< br>(十四肽胃泌素),
octadecanoic
acid
(十八烷酸)
4
.颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色
通用名
前缀
示例
色
color
chrom-/chromo-
chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer
红
red
erythro-
erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer
白
white
leuko-
leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira
黑
black
melano-
melena/melanoma/melanoderma
黄
yellow
xantho-
xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma
蓝
blue
cyan-/cyano
cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫
violet/purple
绿
green
棕
brown
brown
mixture/brown
ring
橙
orange
Victoria
orange/ethyl
orange/orange
G
粉红
pink
oink
frothy
sputum
绯红
crimson
青铜
bronzed
bronzed
diabetes
注:有些病名的
“
蓝
”“
紫
”“
青
”
为同义,其前缀都为
“cyano
-
”.
p>
5
.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(1)
含义
前(后)缀
形容词
示例
病
patho-
pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
/-pathy
-pathic
neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy
病态
-osis
-otic
neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis
增多
leukocytosis/e
rythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少
-penia
-penic
leukocytopenia/erythr
ocytopenia/granulocytopenia
无
a-/an-
atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia
小
/
微
-let
droplet/platelet/leaflet
micro-
microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus
大
/
巨
macro-
macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage
-megaly
splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly
复合
/
多
poly-
polyuria/polymer/polyopia
全
/
泛
pan-
pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6
.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(2)
含义
前(后)缀
示例
相反
dis-
disease/disorder/disability
困难
/
障碍
dys-
dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea
不良
mal-
malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice
炎症
-it
is
appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis
瘤
/
块
-oma
lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma
血症
-emia
leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia
痛
-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-
analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer
麻痹
-plegia
hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia
流出
-rrhea
diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死
-necrosis
necro-/necr-
hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia
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