-
1993
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I
Structure and
Vocabulary
In
each
sentence,
decide
which
of
the
four
choices
given
will
most
suitably
complete
the
sentence
if
inserted
at
the
place
marked.
Put
your
choices
in
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(15 points)
1.
The board deemed it urgent that these
files ________ right away.
[A] had to
be printed
[B] should have been printed
[C] must be printed
[D] should be printed
2.
The
local
health
organization
is
reported
________
twenty-five
years
ago
when
Dr.
Audon became its first president.
[A]
to be set up
[B] being set up
[C] to have been set up
[D] having been set up
3.
The
school
board
listened
quietly
as
John
read
the
demands
that
his
followers
________ for.
[A] be
demonstrating
[B] demonstrate
[C] had been demonstrating
[D] have demonstrated
4.
Ted
has
told
me
that
he
always
escapes
________
as
he
has
got
a
very
fast
sports
car.
[A] to fine
[B] to be fined
[C] being
fined
[D] having been fined
5.
More than one third of
the Chinese in the United States live in
California,
________ in San Francisco.
[A] previously
[B]
predominantly
[C]
practically
[D] permanently
6.
Prof. Lee’s book will show you ________
can be used in other contexts.
[A] that you have observed
[B] that how you have observed
[C] how that you have
observed
[D] how what you
have observed
7.
All flights
________ because of the snowstorm, we decided to
take the train.
[A] were canceled
[B] had been canceled
[C]
having canceled
[D] having
been canceled
8.
The
new
secretary
has
written
a
remarkably
________
report
only
in
a
few
pages
but with all the details.
[A] concise
[B] clear
[C] precise
[D]
elaborate
9.
With prices
________ so much, it’s hard for the company to
plan a budget.
[A]
fluctuating
[B] waving
[C]
swinging
[D] vibrating
10. Experts say walking is one of the
best ways for a person to ________ healthy.
[A] preserve
[B] stay
[C] maintain
[D]
reserve
11. Expected noises are usually
more ________ than unexpected ones of the like
magnitude.
[A] manageable
[B] controllable
[C] tolerable
[D]
perceivable
12.
It isn’t so much whether he works hard;
the question is whether he works
________.
[A] above all
[B] in all
[C] at
all
[D] after all
13. There is an incorrect assumption
among scientists and medical people that
everyone agrees ________ what
constitutes a benefit to an individual.
[A] on
[B] with
[C] to
[D] in
14. All the information we have
collected in relation to that case ________ very
little.
[A] makes up for
[B] adds up to
[C] comes up
with
[D] puts up with
15. A
really
powerful
speaker
can
________
the
feelings
of
the
audience
to
the
fever
of excitement.
[A] work out
[B] work over
[C] work at
[D]
work up
16. Before
the
students
set
off,
they
spent
much
time
setting
a
limit
________
the
expenses of the trip.
[A] to
[B] about
[C] in
[D] for
17. According to the psychoanalyst
Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ________
of maturity.
[A] fulfillment
[B] achievement
[C]
establishment
[D]
accomplishment
18.
From the
tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that
s
omething sad ________.
[A]
must have occurred
[B] would have
occurred
[C] might be
occurring
[D] should occur
19.
You can arrive in
Beijing earlier for the meeting ________ you don’t
mind
taking the night train.
[A] provided
[B] unless
[C] though
[D]
until
20. Hardly
a
month
goes
by
without
________
of
another
survey
revealing
new
depths
of scientific
illiteracy among U.S. citizens.
[A]
words
[B] a word
[C] the
word
[D] word
21.
If
you
________
Jerry
Brown
until
recently,
you’d
think
the
photograph
on
the
right was strange.
[A] shouldn’t contact
[B] didn’t contact
[C] weren’t to contact
[D] hadn’t contacted
22. Some
teenagers
harbor
a
generalized
resentment
against
society,
which
________
them
the
rights
and
privileges
of
adults,
although
physically
they
are
mature.
[A]
deprives
[B] restricts
[C]
rejects
[D]
denies
23.
I must go now. ________, if you want
that book I’ll bring it next time.
[A] Incidentally
[B]
Accidentally
[C]
Occasionally
[D]
Subsequently
24. There is
no
reason they
should limit
how
much vitamin you take, ________ they
can limit how much water you drink.
[A] much more than
[B] no
more than
[C] no less than
[D] any more than
25. Though
________
in
San
Francisco,
Dave
Mitchell
had
always
preferred
to
record
the
plain facts of small-town life.
[A]
raised
[B] grown
[C]
developed
[D] cultivated
26. Most
electronic
devices
of
this
kind,
________
manufactured
for
such
purposes,
are tightly packed.
[A] that
are
[B] as are
[C] which
is
[D] it is
27.
As
for
the
winter,
it
is
inconvenient
to
be
cold,
with
most
of
________
furnace
fuel is allowed
saved for the dawn.
[A] what
[B] that
[C]
which
[D] such
28. Achieving
a
high
degree
of
proficiency
in
English
as
a
foreign
language
is
not
a
mysterious ________ without scientific basic.
[A] process
[B]
practice
[C] procedure
[D] program
29. We
cannot
always
________
the
wind,
so
new
windmills
should
be
so
designed
that
they can also be driven by water.
[A] hang on
[B] count on
[C] hold on
[D]
come on
30. The storm sweeping over
this
area now is
sure to cause ________ of vegetables
in the coming days.
[A]
rarity
[B] scarcity
[C]
invalidity
[D] variety
Section II
Reading
Comprehension
Each
of the
passages
below is followed by some
questions. For each question there
are
four answers marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Read
the passages carefully and
choose
the
best
answer
to
each
of
the
questions.
Then
mark
your
answer
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET by blackening
the corresponding letter in the brackets. (30
points)
Text 1
Is
language,
like
food,
a
basic
human
need
without
which
a
child
at
a
critical
period of life can
be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic
experiment of
Frederick
II
in
the
thirteenth
century,
it
may
be.
Hoping
to
discover
what
language
a
child
would
speak
if
he
heard
no
mother
tongue,
he
told
the
nurses
to
keep
silent.
All the infants died before the first
year. But clearly there was more than
lack
of
language
here.
What
was
missing
was
good
mothering.
Without
good
mothering,
in
the
first
year
of
life
especially,
the
capacity
to
survive
is
seriously
affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as
that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless,
some children are still backward in
speaking. Most often the reason for this is
that the mother is insensitive to the
signals of the infant, whose brain is
programmed to learn language rapidly.
If these sensitive periods are neglected,
the
ideal
time
for
acquiring
skills
passes
and
they
might
never
be
learned
so
easily
again.
A
bird
learns
to
sing
and
to
fly
rapidly
at
the
right
time,
but
the
process
is slow and hard once the critical
stage has passed.
Experts suggest that
speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and
at a
constant age, but there are cases where
speech has started late in a child who
eventually turns out to be of high IQ.
At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes
vowel-like
sounds;
at
twelve
months
he
can
speak
simple
words
and
understand
simple
commands;
at
eighteen
months
he
has
a
vocabulary
of
three
to
fifty
words.
At
three
he
knows
about
1,000
words
which
he
can
put
into
sentences,
and
at
four
his
language
differs from that of his parents in
style rather than grammar.
Recent
evidence suggests that an infant is born with the
capacity to speak.
What
is
special
about
man’s
brain,
compare
d
with
that
of
the
monkey,
is
the
complex
system
which
enables
a
child
to
connect
the
sight
and
feel
of,
say,
a
toy-bear
with
the sound pattern
“toy
-
bear.”
And
even more incredible is
the young brain’s
ability to pick out
an order in language from the mixture of sound
around him, to
analyze, to combine and
recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But
speech
has
to
be
induced,
and
this
depends
on
interaction
between
the
mother
and the child, where
the mother recognizes the signals in the
child
’s
babbling
(
咿呀学语
),
grasping
and
smiling,
and
responds
to
them.
Insensitivity
of
the
mother
to
these
signals
dulls
the
interaction
because
the
child
gets
discouraged
and
sends
out only the obvious
signals. Sensitivity to the
child’s
non
-verbal signals is
essential to the growth and development
of language.
31.
The purpose
of Frederick II’s experiment was
________.
[A] to prove that
children are born with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what language a child
would speak without hearing any human
speech
[C] to find out what
role careful nursing would play in teaching a
child to
speak
[D] to prove that a child could be
damaged without learning a language
32.
The
reason
some
children
are
backward
in
speaking
is
most
probably
that
________.
[A] they are
incapable of learning language rapidly
[B] they are exposed to too much
language at once
[C] their mothers
respond inadequately to their attempts to
speak
[D] their mothers are
not intelligent enough to help them
33.
What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is
that ________.
[A] he is born with the
capacity to speak
[B] he has a brain
more complex than an animal’s
[C] he can produce his own
sentences
[D] he owes his
speech ability to good nursing
34.
Which of the following can NOT be inferred from
the passage?
[A] The faculty of speech
is inborn in man.
[B] Encouragement
is anything
but
essential to
a child in
language
learning.
[C] The
child’s brain is highly selective.
[D] Most children learn their language
in definite stages.
35. If a child
starts to speak later than others, he will in
future ________.
[A] have a high IQ
[B] be less intelligent
[C]
be insensitive to verbal signals
[D] not necessarily be backward
Text 2
In general, our
society is becoming one of giant enterprises
directed by a
bureaucratic
(
官僚主义的
)
management
in
which
man
becomes
a
small,
well-
oiled
cog
in
the
machinery.
The
oiling
is
done
with
higher
wages,
well-ventilated
factories
and
piped
music,
and
by
psychologists
and
“human
-
relations”
experts;
yet
all
this
oiling does not alter
the fact that man has become powerless, that he
does not
wholeheartedly participate in
his work and that he is bored with it. In fact,
the
blue- and the white-collar workers
have become economic puppets who dance to the
tune of automated machines and
bureaucratic management.
The
worker
and
employee
are
anxious,
not
only
because
they
might
find
themselves
out of a job;
they are anxious also because they are unable to
acquire any real
satisfaction
or
interest
in
life.
They
live
and
die
without
ever
having
confronted
the fundamental
realities of human existence as emotionally and
intellectually
independent and
productive human beings.
Those higher
up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their
lives are no
less empty than those of
their subordinates. They are even more insecure in
some
respects. They are in a highly
competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind
is not a matter of salary but even more
a matter of self-respect. When they apply
for their first job, they are tested
for intelligence as well as for the tight
mixture of submissiveness and
independence. From that moment on they are tested
again and again -- by the
psychologists, for whom testing is a big business,
and
by
their
superiors,
who
judge
their
behavior,
sociability,
capacity
to
get
along,
etc. This constant
need to prove that
one is as good as or
better than one’s
fellow-competitor
creates
constant
anxiety
and
stress,
the
very
causes
of
unhappiness and illness.
Am
I
suggesting
that
we
should
return
to
the
preindustrial
mode
of
production
or
to
nineteenth-
century
“free
enterprise”
capitalism?
Certainly
not.
Problems
are
never
solved
by
returning
to
a
stage
which
one
has
already
outgrown.
I
suggest
transforming our
social system from a bureaucratically managed
industrialism in
which maximal production
and consumption are ends in themselves into a
humanist
industrialism
in
which
man
and
full
development
of
his
potentialities
--
those
of
love and
of reason -- are the aims of all social
arrangements. Production and
consumption should serve only as means
to this end, and should be prevented from
ruling man.
36.
By
“a
well
-
oiled
cog
in
the
machinery”
the
author
intends
to
render
the
idea
that man is ________.
[A]
a necessary part of the society though
each individual’s function is
negligible
[B] working in
complete harmony with the rest of the society
[C] an unimportant part in comparison
with the rest of the society, though
functioning smoothly
[D] a humble component of the society,
especially when working smoothly
37.
The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and
employees is that ________.
[A] they
are likely to lose their jobs
[B] they
have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
[C] they are faced with the fundamental
realities of human existence
[D] they are deprived of their
individuality and independence
38. From
the passage we can infer that real happiness of
life belongs to those
________.
[A] who are at the bottom of the
society
[B] who are higher up in their
social status
[C] who prove better than
their fellow-competitors
[D]
who could keep far away from this competitive
world
39. To
solve
the
present
social
problems
the
author
suggests
that
we
should
________.
[A] resort to the production mode of
our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to
the workers and employees
[C] enable
man to fully develop his potentialities
[D] take the fundamental realities for
granted
40.
The author’s
attitude towards industrialism might best be
summarized as one
of ________.
[A] approval
[B]
dissatisfaction
[C]
suspicion