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翻译
常见错误分析
英汉翻译常见问题与错误分析
一、不要忽视简单字眼的翻译
我们在
平常的学习过程中,对英语词汇的理解不要停留在表面的字词
对应关系,而是要抓住其实
质特征,只有这样,才能从根本上把握词义。
请看下面几个常用词。
Well
在以下各例中,
wel
l
都不宜译作
“
好
”
。
1. The
bridge was so well built that it lasted for 100
years.
2. The demand for electricity
may get well below the average level.
3.
Radar waves
go
through clouds
or
fog
quite well,
whereas
light
waves
do
not.
4. This paper is well written except
for a little miscalculation.
5. The
temperature is well above the set value.
6. The house is well
situated.
7. Shake the
bottle well before experiment.
8. It
may well be true.
9. Plants can’t
gro
w well in the absence of water.
10. Examine the account well before you
pay it.
11.
桥建得很牢,至少能用
100
年。
12.
电的需求量可能远远低于平均水平。
13.
雷达波能非常容易地穿过云和雾,而光波却不行。
14.
这篇论文写得不错,不过有一点儿计算失误。
15.
温度大大高于定值。
16.
房屋的地理位置十分优越。
17.
实验之前将瓶内液体摇晃均匀。
18.
这很可能是真的。
19.
没有水植物就不能茁壮生长。
20.
付款之前须仔细核实账目。
Last:
在以下各例中,
last
都不宜译作
“
最后
”
。
1. He is the last man to accept a
bribe.
2. He is the last man for such a
job.
3. He is the last man to consult.
4. Bikini was the last thing she’d like
to wear.
5. He should be the
last man to blame.
6. This is the last
place where I expected to meet you.
7.
Money is the last thing he wants, an
d
you won’t succeed by offering it.
8. This would be the last place the
colonialists would leave, for in it lay riches
and natural resources.
1.
他决不会受贿。
2.
他最不适合这项工作。
3.
他根本不值得请教。
4.
她最不喜欢穿比基尼泳装。
5.
怎么也不应该责备他。
6.
怎么也没想到我会在这个地方见到你。
7.
他决不想要你的钱,你给他钱也白搭。
8.
这是殖民主义者最不愿意离开的地方,因为这里的自然资
源极为丰富。
challenge
在以下各例中,
challenge
都
不宜译作
“
挑战
”
。
1. I challenge my own
conclusion.
2. I challenge you to
answer the question.
3. China
challenges the world in discipline. .
4. Recent discoveries have challenged
the old notions.
5. His question
challenges us to think.
6. Survival in
enemy-occupied territory challenged
skill.
7.
我要重新考虑我的结论。
8.
我谅你答不出这个问题。
9.
中国的纪律居世界第一。
10.
最近的一些发现使一些老观念成了问题。
11.
他的问题促使我们思考。
12.
在敌占区生存需要有高超的技术。
Delicate
delicate
skin
娇嫩的皮肤
delicate
porcelain
精致的瓷器
delicate
upbringing
娇生惯养
delicate
living
奢侈的生活
delicate
health
虚弱的身体
delicate
stomach
容易吃坏的胃
delicate
vase
容易碰碎的花瓶
delicate diplomatic
question
微妙的外交问题
delicate
difference
讲不大清楚的差别
delicate surgical
operation
难做的外科手术
delicate ear for
musi
c
对音乐有鉴赏力
delicate sense of
smell
灵敏的嗅觉
delicate
touch
生花妙笔
delicate
food
美味的食物
二、切忌望文生义
It
was
as
though
someone
had
taken
a
huge
brush
and
painted
a
bull’s
-eye
around
every place Americans gather, every icon we
revere, every service we
depend on, and
vowed to take them out or shut them down, or force
us to do it
ourselves.?
好像是有
人用一把巨大的刷子将靶心刷上美国人聚集的任何地点
—
我们所
敬仰的每一个图标,我们所依靠的每一个机构,并发誓要去掉它们,关闭
它们,或是迫使我们自己这样干。
科技英语词语:与科技文体格格不入时,尤其要当心。
ball bearing, test bed, carrier rocket,
pneumatic cushion, tractor shoe, monkey
driver,
ball
cock,
automatic
pecker, worm
auger,
decay
daughter,
sister
metal,
foreign tissue, getter pump, ghost
image, heel block, heartman, downer, at farm,
mosquito bomb, plastic stockings, nose
cap
,
flu mask,
first aid, fire engine,
skid chain,
sweet water, drug-fast, vital capacity
I-bar,
O-ring, T-square,
octahedron,
zigzag
chain,
gable
roof, cross stitch, set
square, arch dam, cam shaft, cone buoy,
U-bolt
滚珠轴承,实验台,运载火箭,气压式缓冲器,拖拉机履带片,锤式打桩
机,球阀,自动穿孔器,螺旋钻,裂变产物,同类金属,异体组织,抽气
泵,叠影,垫块
(
板
)
,心脏移植者,镇静剂,减肥中心,杀蚊弹,玻璃丝
袜,
防毒面具,
卫生口罩,
急救,
救火车,
防滑链,
饮用水,
抗药性,
肺
活量
工字
梁,环形圈,丁字尺,八面体,
Z
形链,人字屋顶,十字缝,三
角尺,
拱坝,凸轮轴,锥形浮标,
U
形
螺栓
三、注意语义分析
1.
根据词性确定词义:
1) He
saw a man sawing trees with a saw.
他看见一个人正用锯子锯树。
2)
Needing some light to see by
, the
burglar crossed the room with a light step
to light the light with the light green
shade.
3) Eat what you can and can what
you cannot.
能吃的吃掉,吃不掉的就做成
罐头。
2.
词的褒贬色彩
ambition (
抱负,野心
)
,
ambitious (
雄心勃勃的,野心勃勃的
)
,
envy (
羡慕,
妒忌
)
,
envious (
羡慕的,
妒忌的
)
,<
/p>
luxury (
舒适环境,
奢侈豪华<
/p>
)
,
luxurious
(
十分舒适的,奢侈豪华的
)
,
pride (
自豪,骄傲
)
p>
,
proud (
自豪的,骄傲的
)
,
encourage (
< br>鼓励,
怂恿
)
,
protect (
保护,
庇护
)
,
rebellion (
反抗,
叛乱
)
,
up
rising
(
起义,暴乱
)
,等。
Mr. Brown is a
very white man. He was looking rather green the
other day. He
has been feeling blue
lately. When I saw him he was in a brown study. I
hope
he’ll soon be in the pink
again.
布朗先生是个非常忠实可靠的人。那天,他脸上
颇有病容,近来他闷闷不
乐。我见到他时他在沉思之中。希望他早日恢复健康。
3.
语境与逻辑:改错
1.
In
1872,
he
published
the
results
in
a
paper
titled
The
Calvanie
Chain,
Mathematically Treated.
误:
p>
在
1872
年,
他
用
“
电流的链、
数学化处理
”
为标题在报纸上出版了这个
结果。
正:
1872
年,他以<
/p>
“
电流的链、数学化处理
”
为标题的论文里发表了这个结
果。
2. Great was his joyous pride when he
proved to his own satisfaction, by patient
experiments of his own, the
explanations given in the lectures.
误:当
时他由于自己勤奋的试验和讲课中所得到的解释显得满意时,他是
兴高采烈的。
正:当他通过自己耐心的试验满意地证明了讲课中所作的解释时,他那
种
欣喜无比的自豪感简直难以形容。
3. Scientific discoveries and
inventions do not always influence the language in
proportion to their importance.
误:科学的发现与发明,就其重要性的比例而言,并不一定对语言有什么
影响。
正:科学的发现与发明,并不总是会对语言产生与其重要性相
当的影响。
4. How wild his white
hair looked
—
as if it had
been electrified.
误:他满头白发,十分凌乱
──
简直像刚电烫过一般。
正:
他满头白发,十分凌乱
──
简直像通了电一般地向上竖。
5.
The
importance
of
superconductor
in
the
uses
of
electricity
cannot
be
overestimated.
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