学术英语课后答案 unit2

学术英语理工

2032-2014-2

Unit 2 Searching for Information

I. Teaching Objectives

In this unit, you will learn how to:

for reliable and better source materials for your research

your information by scanning and skimming

fy topic sentences for a general idea in the paragraph

word meaning through context clues and affixes

fast by following the organization of the text

a critical reader

notes effectively

a summary for what you have read

e language skills with the help of the reading and listening materials presented in this unit

II. Teaching Procedures

1 Finding reliable and better sources

Task 1

Answers may vary.

Task 2

Answers may vary.

Task 3

Answers may vary

.

2 Scanning and skimming

Task 1

1 Artificial intelligence.

2 The article may argue for/against the idea that artificial intelligence will replace human jobs in

the future.

3 The story tells that computerization threatens to replace many white-collar jobs.

4 The author is optimistic and may not agree that machines will replace human jobs.

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5 The specter of automation unemploying us all may have finally arrived.

6 But the mass job shrinkage that these observers all expected did not come.

7 Yet Americans as a whole were not automated out of work. (Para.8, L1)

Yet, through all that, more new jobs appeared. (Para.11, L2)

8 Man will not lose jobs because there will always be demands of a new economy.

9 The neighbor would prefer to order the shoes from machine- handling factories.

10 Saving will lead to spending which in turn will create newer, perhaps better jobs tomorrow.

3 Identifying topic sentences for information

Task 1

1 Pieced together, the topic sentences form a short, coherent paragraph or essay.

2

a) Paragraph 2

b) Paragraph 11

Task 2

1 Game theory is the science of strategy.

（

Para.1

）

2 Games are fundamentally different from decisions made in a neutral environ ment.

（

Para.3

）

3 The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.

（< /p>

Para.4

）

4 A general principle for a player in a sequential-move game is to look ahead and reason back.

（

Para.5

）

5 In contrast to the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games, a game with simultaneous

moves involves a logical circle.

（

Para.7

）

6 Another way to make threats credible is to employ the adventuresome strategy of

brinkmanship

—

deliberately creating a risk that if other players fail to act as one would like

them to, the outcome will be bad for everyone.

（

Pa ra.17

）

Task 3

1 Paragraph 1

2 Paragraph 5 to 10

3 Paragraph 12 to 19

4 Guessing word meaning

Task 1

2 immutable (Para.4, L2):

不变的

Context clues: who realized that space is not an immutable stage on which events play out

3 trampoline (Para.4, L4):

蹦床，弹床

Context clues: responding much as a trampoline does to a jumping child

4 malleable (Para.4, L5):

有弹性和延伸性的

Context clues: In fact, so malleable is space that, according to the math, the size of the universe

necessarily change over time.

5 stay put (Para.4, L7):

不动的

Context clues: The fabric of space must expand or contact

—it can’t stay put.

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6 flew in the face (Para.5, L4):

敢于违抗

Context clues: It flew in the face of the prevailing wisdom.

7 stalemate (Para.6, L2):

僵局

Context clues: A static situation, like a stalemate in a tug of war

8 repulsive (Para.6, L5):

排斥的

Context clues: a counterbalancing force would need to provide a repulsive push

9 antigravity (Para.7, L2):

排斥力

Context clues: antigravity

—

a gravitational force that pushes instead of pulls

10 exodus (Para.8, L3):

大批离开

Context clues: And the best explanation for this cosmic exodus came directly.

11 supernovae (Para.11, L2):

由于爆炸而突然变亮的星

Context clues:

distant supernovae

—

exploding stars so brilliant they can be seen clear across

cosmos

12 garner (Para.13, L5):

获得、得到

Context clues: would have garnered him another Nobel Prize

13 perplexing (Para.14, L5):

令人不解的

Context clues: Perhaps most perplexing of all is a question of quantitative detail.

Task 2

2 unprecedented (Para.1, L1): un- precedented

史无前例的

3 self-replicating (Para.1, L6): self-replicating

自我复制的

4 diameter (Para.3, L2): dia-meter

直径

5 assembler (Para.10, L1): assembl-er

装配器

6 contaminant (Para.13, L3): con- taminant

污染物

7 non-renewable (Para.13, L6): non- renewable

不可再用的

8 foreseeable (Para.14, L2): foresee- able

可预见到的

9 exotic (Para.14, L2): exot-ic

非本地，奇异的

10 dissipate (Para.14, L6): dis-sipate

消失

Task 3

Derivatives

Affixes or roots

Meaning

More Words

multidiscipline

multi-

many or several

Multicolor

multisteps

1

multiform

multipurpose

nanotechnology

nano-

one

of

a

thousand

nanorobot

nanomachine

2

million

nanoscopic

nanostructure

convergence

verg

incline to

divergence

verge

3

con-

join

concordconcourse conferate

construct

struct

build or make

structure

reconstruct

4

destruct

obstruct

substructure

5

manufacture

man-,

manu-

fact

interdisciplinary

inter-

insulator

insul-

by hand

make

between

or

among

a

group of things or people

protect sth. from

manuscript

manual

manage

manipulate

factory

facture

interplay

interweave

interdependent

interaction

insulate

insular

insularity

3

6

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8

semiconductor

9

semi-

duct-

microprocessors

micro-

unpleasant knowledge

partly but not completely

lead

extremely small

10

11

12

simultaneouosly

simul-

reverse

automatical

vers,

vert

auto

peninsula

semiconscious

semiofficial

semitropical

conduct

induct

microwave

microcomputer

microscope

micrometer

in common

simulator

simulation

simultaneity

simulate

turn

obversion

inverse

subversion

convert

Work

by

oneself;

automate

autonomous

relating to oneself

automobile

autobiography

5 Using the organization of the text

Task 1

organization

Introduction

What

The

definition

nanotechnology

of

nanotechnology

nanometer

nanoscale

paragraphs

Para.1

Para.2

Para.3

Para.4

Paras.5-11

Para.12

Para.13

Para.14

Para.15

How

How

The way

nanotechnology works

The

applications

of

medical industry

nanotechnology

environment

other fields

conclusion

Task 2

1 The writer develops his main ideas

about global warming mainly through the structure of

cause-and-effect.

2 The writer illustrates the effects of global warming through the structure of classification.

3 The effects are arranged from the most obvious to least obvious, and signal words include: the

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most prominent effect of global warming; another area affected by global warming; a third type

of evidence of global warming.

4 Four types. They are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluocarbons.

5

Paragraph

11

follows

the

pattern

of

problem-and-

solution.

The

signal

words

are

“a

common problem that arises is”, “needs to take action now”.

6 Reading critically

Task 1

The tone of one’s writing indicates their feelings and attitude toward the topic being discussed.

It reveals whether they are being playful or serious, humorous or somber, whether they are angry

or tranquil, bitter or confident. Through tone, their attitude toward what they are writing about and

their relationship to their readers become clear.

Controlling tone is largely a matter of selecting words and sentences, and choosing details so as

to serve the purpose of writing well. Now let’s consider the following sentences which you write

to tell two facts:

The sales of vitamin E have doubled in the past five years. The increase in sales has been helped

by the statements from health food enthusiasts and doctors.

1 Combined into a single one, sentence 1 is impartial in tone because it doesn’t reveal your

attitude. Impartial and toneless sentences are what you want to write if you either have no

opinion or want to seem factual and objective, rather than personal and subjective.

2 Strong in tone and clear in attitude: sentence 2 reflects your belief that vitamin E sales have

surged because of a deceptive and misleading advertisement campaign. If you feel the sentence

is too strong, too opinionated, perhaps even biased, you may suggest your feelings instead of

stating them directly.

3 By using the words

—

freaks and quack, this version can make your reader sense not only your

reservation about the worth of the vitamin but also your contempt of those who promote it. But

the tone is so strong that your reader may consider it exaggerated and may even question its

truth.

4 This version is more suggestive and less explicit, though your attitude is still negative because

“

faddists” (unlike enthusiasts) are a word with unfavorable associations and because claims

“

(unlike statements)” encourage the reader to doubt their truth.

5 By inserting the detail that only a few doctors make claims for vitamin, the version seems biased

as the tone is stronger.

6 The phrase “some doctors” implies that there is another group of doctors who have made no

claims for the vitamin and who may perhaps reject such claims.

7 Th

e word “even” suggests your surprise that doctors, who should know better, have made such

foolish claims, thus further weakens the support of the doctors without making your statement

seem exaggerated or biased.

8, 9 Tone not only can be controlled by the choice of words and details but also by the choice of

structures. Sentence 8 and 9 make the implied criticism more forceful as the negative words or

phrases have been moved to their beginning or end position, the position which is more

emphatic for

one’s opinion.

10, 11, 12 The three sentences are not critical but favorable in tone toward the increased sales of

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vitamin E, because “experts” seem more trustworthy than “enthusiasts” and both “reports” and

“

testimony” carry more weight than mere “statements”.

13, 14 The two sentences have a positive tone because the phrase “a number of doctors” sounds

more impressive than “a few” or “some doctors”. And “a number of leading doctors” are

supposed to be more reliable, though not as reliable as “leading medical authorities”.

15, 16, 17 The three sentences are less formal and more personal than the previous sentences as

the first-

person view “I” is adopted to personalize their tone.

18, 19 The two sentences are more informal as the closer relationship between yourself and the

reader is established by asking questions.

20, 21 By addressing the reader as “you”, the sentences are more informal and personal.

22 The informality of your writing will be increased by contractions, slang, and short, simple

words instead of longer, more complex ones.

Task 2

1 Text 9 addresses readers with some knowledge of global warming, because the author argues

with strong evidence and reasons, quoting experts more frequently and trying to be impartial

and impersonal by choosing more exact wording. On the contrary Text 10 talks to general

readers, evidenced by using more definitions and easier language such as figurative speech. It is

an essay charged with strong emotion.

2 Text 10.

3 No. Text 9 illustrates the effects of global warming with strong evidence and reasons, showing

that the author tries to be objective and impersonal.

4 No. These words lack preciseness. Text 9 tries to be more objective, quoting experts more

frequently and avoiding showing strong personal emotion.

5 Text 9 quotes Roger Revelle, an oceanographer, Jacques Chirac, French president, Al Gore, Vice

president of USA, Ross Gelbspan, an author of a book about Earth’s climate change from global

warming, Schneider, from the National Center of Atmospheric Research, and Elmer Robinson,

the director of Mauna Loa Observatory. The quotation of those experts and authorities make the

arguments more convincing.

6 The criticism of Text 9 avoids being subjective and personal and resorts to more authorities and

cold reasoning, hence it is more objective.

7 Text 9. The use of the first-person view and figurative speech is often considered informal and

less serious.

8 Text 9, because the author uses more quotations from experts and authorities and less emotional

words than Text 10.

7 Taking notes

Task

Title:

Global Warming and Its Effects

Author(s):

Nicolas Dalleva

Source:

Main ideas:

The essay mainly talks about the effects and causes of global warming.

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Main findings or ideas:

Global warming have negative effects on climate changes, survival of

animals,

development

of

plants,

people’s

health

and

global

economy.

There

are

two

major

causes for global warming: burning of fossil fuels and greenhouse gases.

Conclusion:

The world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming.

Paragraphs

Para. 1

Paras. 2-4

Organization

Phenomenon

Effect I

Effect II

Effect III

Effect IV

Effect V

Paras. 5-7

Cause I

Cause II

Paras. 9-10

Paras. 11-12

Comments

Conclusion

Content

Global warming has been a global issue now, despite

minimal efforts are made to prevent global warming.

It affects the climate change.

It affects the survival of animals.

It affects the development of plants.

It affects the health of people.

It affects economy.

burning of fossil fuels (carbon dioxide)

greenhouse gases such as methane,

nitrous oxide, and

chlorofluocarbon

Global warming even affects economy and health.

a stronger and joint effort needed to prevent global warming

8 Writing a summary

Task 1

The

source

material

uses

a

story

of

identical

twins

to

illustrate

the

idea

that

apart

from

the

important role the genes play in the development of an individual, their environmental experience

also affects their traits greatly. The summary grasps the idea without details of the story.

Task 2

2

History

has

demonstrated

that

technology

affects

education

profoundly.

Considering

the

definition of technology broadly, one may say that prehistoric people used primitive technologies

to teach skills to their young.

3 Psychology can be divided into several important theories. Behaviourists emphasize the role of

environment in shaping one’s behavior, while cognitivists explain behavior by analyzing mental

processes.

Freudians

and

humanists

are

more

concerned

with

exploring

behavior

through

the

personality

whereas

social

constructivists

connect

individual

behavior

to

its

social- historic

context.

Task 3

Title:

Global Warming and Its Effects

Author(s):

Nicolas Dalleva

Source:

Summary:

According to Nicolas Dalleva, global warming has become a great challenge to human

beings,

for

it

not

only

affects

the

climate

change

and

leads

to

the

decrease

of

the

number

of

animals per species, but also affects the agricultural growth. Dalleva believes that the burning of

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fossil fuels is the culprit of global warming because it releases greenhouse gases carbon dioxide

into the atmosphere. The other gases like methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluocarbons are also

the causes of the greenhouse effect. In Dalleva’s opinion, despite the worldwide efforts, people do

not take the issue seriously and

do not realize that global warming will also exerts a negative

effect

on

economy

and

health.

He

calls

for,

therefore,

a

stronger

joint

effort

to

prevent

global

warming. (134 words)

Task 4

Lecture 6

Since the industrial revolution, people’s private sphere have been separated from their working

places. Institutions like offices, factories and schools impose isolation on people who are blocked

to

their

privacy

sphere

at

work

or

at

school.

Now

people

try

to

break

the

isolation

and

seek

intimacy with high-tech communication tools like facebook, skype, cell phones and emails. The

tools enable people to gain comfort and warmth from close friends or families. (72 words)

Lecture 7

The Kepler Mission is to search for planets by measuring the starlight, through which we can learn

about how stars and planets interact to form their eco-system and whether there exist life in other

planets or whether they are suitable for life living. In over two years of its operations, over 1,200

potential new planetary systems have been found around other stars. Apart from that, the Kapler

also tries to find the size of a planet and how the distance from its parent star. It also observes the

effects of our sun’s magnetic activity. (94 words)

Lecture 8

Traditionally,

doctors

treat

cancers

by

attacking

individual

cells.

By

identifying

separate

forms

cancer

cells

without

molecule

test

or

gene

sequencing,

however,

we

can’t

understand

how

the

whole

cancer

system

works.

Thus

the

effect

of

this

method

is

very

limited.

After

exchanging

thoughts with Danny, the speaker came up with a new strategy. That is the combination of atypical

drugs, computer modeling and protein analysis. It may become one of the most effective ways to

treat cancers. (76 words)

Lecture 9

Mammography is the most common way to detect breast cancer. However, with the increase of

breast density, it would be harder to find cancer through X-ray. Dr. Deborah Rhodes has developed

a

new

tool

for

tumor

detection,

which

is

three

times

as

effective

as

traditional

mammograms.

What’s more, it is cheaper than other technology. But her research was rejected for by jo

urnals,

because

it

is

so

cheap

that

the

producers

of

traditional

mammograms

won’t

be

happy

to

see

it.

Furthermore, there are also some political forces keeping it from the market. (91 words)

Task 5

Answers may vary.

9 Enhancing your academic language

Reading: Text 5

1 Match the words with their definitions.

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1 e

2 h

3 a

4 g

5 c

6 b

7 j

8 f

9 d

10 i

2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the

help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.

1 automation

2 occupational

3 immigrant

4 uplift

5 displacement

6 hand-crafted

7 ranched

8 nutritious

9 involved

10 assembly

11 yield

12 incredible

13 optimism

14 mob

15 professional

16 labeled

17 analyst

18 surplus

19 harbor

20 columnist

21 virtual

22 revolutionary

23 lace

24 undercut

25 barter

26 litigable

27 specter

28 sift

29 pot

3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.

Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the

expressions and the sentences patterns listed above.

increasingly important role

（越来越重要的作用）

tasks humans prefer not to do, or are unable to do

（那些人类不愿做或不能做的事）

and the like

（以及诸如此类的事）

settle man

’

s anxieties

（解决人类的担忧）

Some questions are raised

（问题提了出来）

4 Translate the following sentences from Text 5 into Chinese.

1

最近在

《纽约时报》

上刊登的一篇文章谈到了一种新计算机软件，

该软件瞬间就能筛选数

以千计的法律文件并寻找到那些可诉讼的条款，为律师们节省了花费在 阅读文件上的数百

小时。

2

他们主要靠耕种来养活自己，多种的部分用以物品交易或卖出。

3

从事农业和畜牧业者的绝对数量 大约在

1910

年达到顶峰

（约有

1100-1200

万）

,

在此之后

人数便急剧下降。

4

这个故事总结了美国几个世纪以来的工作经历，

但从全国

劳动力的层面上讲是件好事。

5

人工智能是一种新的自动化技术吗？是一种削弱了曾经是

20

世纪末就业标志的脑力工

作的技 术吗？是一种只会消除更好的工作机会的技术吗？

Reading: Text 6

1 Match the words with their definitions.

1 d

2 f

3 i

4 b

5 h

6 c

7 a

8 e

9 j

10 g

2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the

help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.

1 problematic

2 presumptions

3 brinkmanship

4 dictum

5 monopoly

6 conceal

7 share

8 lawsuit

9 deter

10 mutual

11 commitment

12 reveal

13 purposive

14 fare

15 interdependence

16 demoralized

17 collectively

18 stipulated

19 warranty

20 outweighed

21 induce

22 uniformly

23 optimal

24 confess

25 perish

26 move

27 dilemma

28 neutral

29 intolerable

30 dominant

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31 square

32 outcome

33 bluff

34 linear

3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.

Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the

expressions and the sentences patterns listed above.

secure the best outcomes for himself

（为自己得到最好的结果）

To illustrate the point

（为了说明这一点）

attempts to use

（尝试运用）

a process that leads to

（这个过程就导致了）

Such an example also arises

（这种例子还出现）

4 Translate the following sentences from Text 6 into Chinese.

1

就前者来说，

玩家按照顺序移动，

每个人都了解其他玩家之前的动作。就后者而言，

玩家

同时做出动作，不了解其他玩家的动作。

2

当思考别人会如何反应的时候，

必须站在别人的角度，

用别人的思考方式进行思考，

能将自己的推理强加在别人的身上。

3

尽管各位玩家同时做出动作，

不知 道其他玩家当前的动作，

然而，

每个玩家都必须明白其

他玩家也和自己一样有同样的想法。

4

事实上，

有众所周知不好的例子，

如：

“囚徒困境”

< br>，在这个游戏中如果每个人追求自我的

最佳利益，那么所有玩家都会卷入一个糟糕的结局。

5

这种合作行为可通过反复玩这个 游戏实现，

因为这种由作弊暂时获得的利益会被由于合作

破裂引起的长期损失所压倒。

Reading: Text 7

1 Match the words with their definitions.

1 g

2 d

3 i

4 b

5 f

6 j

7 a

8 c

9 e

10 h

2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the

help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.

1 astronomer

2 contract

3 dedication

4 evolution

5 trace

6 conception

7 diffuse

8 erroneous

9 embedded

10 prediction

11 quantitative

12 expand

13 precisely

14 degrade

15 repulsive

16 transit

17 insight

18 capture

19 sufficient

20 gulf

21 capacity

22 static

23 licked

24 decay

25 primitive

26 entails

27 refined

28 spectacular

29 unbreakable

30 theoretical

31 barrier

32 cancel

33 horizon

34 mismatched

35 blatantly

36 witness

37 literally

38 vital

3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.

Now

complete

the

paragraph

by

translating

the

Chinese

in

brackets.

You

may

refer

to

the

expressions and the sentences patterns listed above.

So significant is the discovery

（这个发现是如此的意义深远）

much as

（就如??一样）

what if

（如果??会怎样）

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his discovery would have likely garnered him another Nobel Prize

（他的发现很可能为他获得一

个诺贝尔奖）

It will open new paths to

（将打开新的通道）

4 Translate the following sentences from Text 7 into Chinese.

1

在过 去的十年里，对古老星光的观测让人对宇宙的过去有了深刻的了解。令人惊讶的是，

< /p>

他们也让人对未来的本质有了深刻的洞察，而这些数据所显示的未来令人非常不安——因< /p>

为某种被称之为暗能量的东西。

2

像地球或太阳一样的普通物质只 能生成引力，

但数学演算却显示，

一种更外在的能源——

一种就像是填充桑拿浴的蒸汽一样的能量均匀地充满着整个空间，只 不过这种能量是无法

看到的——会产生与引力相斥的力量。

3

快速推进到二十世纪九十年代，

那时 两队天文学家对遥远的超新星——由天体爆发所产

生

的非常耀眼的星星，能够穿过宇宙而被看得很清楚——进行着艰辛而精确的观测，用以确

定外太空间的膨胀速度在宇宙的历史进程中是怎样改变的。

4

在测算充满宇宙的暗能量总量的 最为精确的尝试中，

遗漏了一个测定值，

一个巨大的因数

10

123

（即一个

1

后面跟着

123

个

< br>0

）

，这是在科学历史中理论和观测最为严重的一次误差 。

5

距今一千亿年后

,

任何没有与我们比 邻的星系都将会被不断膨胀的空间横扫出去，

它飞驰

而去的速度将会比光速还快。

Reading: Text 8

1 Match the words with their definitions.

1 d

2 f

3 a

4 b

5 g

6 h

7 c

8 i

9 j

10 e

2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the

help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.

1 aspects

2 replicate

3 simultaneously

4 expectancy

5 Journal

6 mechanic

7 practically

8 automatically

9 precise

10 specific

11 erratically

12 exclusive

13 conventional

14 elements

15 semiconductor

16 molecular

17 vast

18 appearance

19 potential

20 property 21 manipulate

22 fabricate

23 foresee

24 substance

25 individual 26 reverse

27 theoretical

3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.

Now

complete

the

paragraph

by

translating

the

Chinese

in

brackets.

You

may

refer

to

the

expressions and the sentences patterns listed above.

has played an ever-important role in

（起着非常重要的作用）

is impacting the medical industry

（对医学界正在产生很大影响）

smaller than a pill

（比药丸还小）

This could vastly reduce the pain

（这可极大的减轻疼痛）

It is not until we experience such benefits

（知道我们体验到这种好处）

4 Translate the following sentences from Text 8 into Chinese.

1

一纳米是一米的十亿分之一，比 可见光的波长还要短，其宽度是人类头发的十万分之一。

2

诺贝尔奖获得者霍斯特·

施特默说纳 米尺度比原子尺度更有趣，

因为纳米尺度是我们可

11

学术英语理工

2032-2014-2

以将东西安装在一起的起始点，我们只有将原子拼凑在一起这个东西才有使用价值。

3

只有在那时，

< br>他说，

我们才能有效地教授纳米科学，

因为没有牢固的多 学科背景就无法理

解纳米科技。

4

物质是绝缘体，

就意味着他们不能带电荷，

然而，

在分散形式下缩微到 纳米尺度时物质可

以变为半导体。

5

有些人担心纳米科技最终会成为虚 拟的现实——换句话说，

在纳米领域的局限性众所周知

之前有关纳米科技的炒作仍会继续，但之后兴趣（和资金）会很快消失。

Reading: Text 9

1 Match the words with their definitions.

1 c

2 f

3 d

4 h

5 j

6 i

7 a

8 e

9 b

10 g

2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the

help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.

1 magnitude

2 significantly

3 atmosphere

4 intensity

5 evidence

6 migrating

7 specifically

8 amplify

9 occurrence

10 destiny

11 motivation

12 annual

13 released

14 vicious

15 environmentally

16 alternate

17 prominent

18 reaction

19 drastically

20 regulation

21 minimal

22 exposure

23 retain

24 compound

25 eventually

26 decline

27 creature

3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.

Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the

expressions and the sentences patterns listed above.

are unaware or uninformed of the causes

（没有意识到）

have a large impact in the atmosphere

（对大气造成很大影响）

man

’

s environment and health are at risk

（人类的环境和健康处于危险之中）

the issue is not of their daily concern

（不是一般人所关心的日常问题）

get all people involved in

（使人们参加到）

4 Translate the following sentences from Text 9 into Chinese.

1

他将气候变暖称为“伟大的地球物理实验”

。他说：

“这个实验就是大气中增加尽可能多的

二氧化碳，再 增加少许其他有害气体，然后看看会发生什么。

”

2

在减少温室气体排放，

特别是因燃烧化石燃料而产生的二氧化碳的排放方面人类所做的努

力微不足道，这增加了全球变暖的速度和强度。

3

大气中的二氧化碳可以使植物的 光合作用速度加快，使得过敏原数量增加。

4

它是地球上除了水蒸汽外最丰富的热能吸收气体，

但它并不被认为是一种温室气体，

因为

它通过下雨不断地循环回到地球上。

5

《沸点》

是一部关于全球变暖导致 地球气候变化的著作，

该书的作者罗斯﹒格尔布斯潘在

2004

年公开谈及他的这本书时说：

“气候 问题最终会撕开全球经济的裂口。

”

Reading: Text 10

1 Match the words with their definitions.

1 d

2 c

3 j

4 a

5 i

6 f

7 h

8 e

9 g

10 b

12

学术英语理工

2032-2014-2

2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the

help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.

1 undergo

2 massive

3 unprecedented

4 runaway

5 consensus

6 hinder

7 output

8 concentration span

9 bleak

10 make a dent

11 constantly

12 outcome

13 play down

14 variation

15 absolutely

16 denigrate

17 mess with

18 herald

19 overwhelming

20 savage

21 resolve

22 gigantic

23 output

24 dramatically

25 sex-selective

3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.

Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the

expressions and the sentences patterns listed above.

The dispute lies in whether or not

（争论的焦点在于是否）

the overwhelming consensus is

（压倒性的一致看法是）

there is absolutely no question

（这绝对是没有问题的）

may arise from

（或许是来自于）

has never been anything other than a polluting effect on our environment

（除了给我们环境带来

破坏作用，没有带来其他任何东西）

4 Translate the following sentences from Text 10 into Chinese.

1

这一争论的焦点在于：我们正在 经历的变暖仅仅反映了最近全球气温变化趋势的自然转

变，还是工业革命开始以来人类活动造成污染影响的结果。

2

一种反对人为变暖的观点是，这世界曾在

1946

到

1975

年间经历过一 次明显的降温，证

明了温室气体排放水平升高势必会导致全球变暖这一想法是错误的。< /p>

3

试图对全球气温在过去一千多年中真正的变化下定论是很难办到的，尤其近几百年前的

记录并不可靠。

4

反对减轻全球变暖提案的既得利益集团已经确定，虽然

《京都议定书》

现已正式生效，

但