-
做题五大原则：话题一致，代词指代，名词复现，总分结构，前后逻辑。
2020
西城一模
Fashion and Identity
For
hundreds
of
years
people
have
put
some
message
in
the
type
of
clothing
they
wore.
Long
ago
people
started
wanting
to
stand
out
from
the
“crowd”
and
be
different
from
other
people
by
means
of
changing
their
clothing. Some
examples of these “standing out” became very
popular and were followed by more people.
46
Nowadays,
fashion
has
become
a
necessary
part
of
one’s
self
-
realization
and
clothing
is
basically
a
covering
designed to be worn
on a person’s body. This covering is a
“necessity”, which brings a lot of variety into
the lives
of people and makes their
image more complete.
By
means of
以。
。
。
。方式
covering
覆盖物
The
type
of
clothing
completely
depends
on
the
person
wearing
it
and
becomes
a
reflection
of
personal
identity. Lately, a
lot is being heard about its meaning in the life
of every single person on the planet. The choice
of
clothing
is
as
important
as
identification
through
the
color
of
hair,
skin
and
gender.
As
every
piece
of clothing
carries a strong message about its
owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it
depending on his mindset or
today’s
mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a
means of communication with the outside world. 47
Nest
嵌套，拥有
For
example
Clothes have a
significant impact on the understanding of the
people nearby as well as the person wearing
them. For instance, a suit can make a
person feel more confident and organized, which
would eventually change
even
the
gestures
of
the
person.
48
Sometimes,
fashion
may
play
a
vital
role
in
a
person’s
life,
especially when the person is applying
for the job he wants. Fashion also creates a
message that is required by a
situation
the person finds himself in. This can be simply
proved by analyzing one’s reaction on people
wearing
different types of clothing. 49
Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a
suit one of the requirements for
their
employees.
50
Fashion, with all
its symbolism and
features, form an outstanding base for personal
and cultural
identification. It is a
part of the self
-
realization
that is required for finding a place in life and
has become a tool for
achieving
harmony
with
the
inner
world.
The
more
diverse
the
society
around
us,
the
more
fashion
-
trend
will
appear and surprise
us.
Separate A from B
inseparable
A.
Fashion helps
us realize our dreams.
时尚助我们实现梦想
B.
This was the
moment when fashion appeared.
这是时尚出现的时候
C.
Fashion and
identity are inseparable companions.
时尚和身份是不可以分割的伴侣
D.
Clothing was
designed to serve people in their daily
life.
衣服是用来服务人的
E.
The preference
is always given to people dressed in “business
style”.
人们喜欢穿商务风格的衣服
F.
It is the way
of telling people about the “state” and the
“status” of its
owner.
通过过穿着得知主人的状态和身份
G.
Wearing jeans
after a suit may change the conduct of a person to
a very casual
one.
穿牛仔改变了人的行为到一
种
自由形式
西城一模
: 46.B
47
．
F
48
．
G
49
．
E
50
．
C
2020
海淀一模
Is there a link between social media
and depression? Do social media have a negative
impact on your mental
health? Ifs
complicated.
In a recent
study, the investigators compared social media use
and depression between teens.
46 Specifically, for every hour per day
that one teen spent on social media more than her
peers, she likely had a
0.64
-
point higher
depression score.
A
different study published in 2018 identified five
distinct types of social media users. The finding
was that
o
r
people whose mental health was affected by social
media. You can have alcohol in your
life without it being a problem, or your alcohol
use may become problematic.
47
There's one
important thing to remember about survey
research
because two things
happen together, it's not
necessarily
true
that
one
causes
the
other.
48
For
all
we
know,
it
could
be
that
people
who
are
already
more
depressed choose to spend more time on
social media.
49 If you
think that we shouldn't paint social media with
one broad brush, you're on the right track. On the
one
hand,
participants
often
described
social
media
as
a
valuable
way
to
cope with stress.
On the
other
hand,
cyberbullying via
social
media was also a common experience for
participants. Some also
said that
constantly
checking their own social
media profile was stressful.
Ifs
certainly
possible
that
experiences
like
cyberbullying,
comparing
yourself
to
idealized
images,
and
constantly monitoring
your profile, are bad f
o
r
your mood. It's also true for many that social
media offer community
support and
positive messages. Given the inconclusive
research, it's safe to say that at least we
shouldn't write off
social media
altogether. 50 Anyway, you cannot use it as a
crutch f
o
r coping with other
stressors and mental health
problems.
A.
It's the same
with social media.
B.
Social media
can be a double
-
edged
sword.
C.
People get more opinionated about the
potential problems of social media.
D.
They found
that those who used social media more had higher
depression scores.
E.
They reviewed
all existing research and found that there were
both benefits and drawbacks.
F.
The key to
benefiting from social media may lie in using it
in moderation and staying socially
connected.
G.
For example, just because higher social
media use co
-
occurs with
higher levels of depression doesn't mean
social media use causes
depression.
答案：
46. D
47. A
48. G
49. B
50. F
2020
朝阳一模
What Your Nose
Knows
Y
our sense
of smell enriches your experience of the world
around you. Different scents can
change
your mood or
transport you back to a
distant memory. Y
our ability to smell
also plays a
key role in your health.
46
The
things we smell are actually the tiny
molecules(
分子
) released by
substances all around
us. When we
breathe
in these molecules, they
stimulate specialized sensory cells high inside
the
nose.
47
But a given
molecule can
stimulate a combination of
these receptors, creating a unique representation
in the brain. W
e perceive that
representation
as a smell.
48 A
stuffy(
不通气的
) nose or a
harmless growth in the nose can block air and thus
scents from reaching
the sensory cells.
Certain medications, like some blood pressure
pills, can
change smell, but these
effects are usually
temporary.
Y
our smell should come back once you’ve
recovered or stopped the medication.
But some things can cause
a
long
-
lasting loss of smell.
A
head
injury or
virus,
for
example,
can
sometimes
damage
the
nerves
related
to
smell.
49
According to Dr.
Davangere Devanand, an expert on
neurodegenerative(
神经变性的
)
diseases and
smell
loss,
the
main
reason
appears to
be
that the
functioning
of
the brain
regions involved
in
smell and memory becomes damaged
as we grow older.
But problems with your ability to smell
may be more than normal aging. They can sometimes
be an early sign of
serious
health
conditions,
such
as
Parkinson’s
disease
or
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Devanand’s
group
is
studying
the
relationships between
smell dysfunction and certain disease.
Researchers are also looking for ways
to avoid smell loss. Some studies suggest that
smell
training may help you
improve
your
ability
to
distinguish
and
identify scents.
50
But
the
question remains as to
whether and how this
might
work.
A. Many things can
cause smell loss.
B. People
may have lost their ability to smell before they
notice it.
C. Each of these
sensory cells has only one type of scent
receptor.
D. It may improve
your brain’s ability to interpret low levels of
scents.
E. As people get
older, many of them couldn’t identify certain kind
of smell.
F. If your ability
to smell declines, it can affect your physical
well
-
being and everyday
safety.
G. And with age,
there is a decline in the ability to smell to some
extent in the nose, but much
more in
the brain itself.
46
．
F
47
．
C
48
．
A
49
．
G
50
．
D
2020
丰台一模
For serious birders who
regularly observe birds in the wild, ignoring
climate change isn’t possible.
We have
been seeing and documenting the effects of a
warming climate since at least the 1950s.
46
Glossy
black
great
-
tailed
grackles
(
美洲黑羽椋鸟
),
for
example,
previously
found
primarily
in
the
tropics
(
热带
),
first
reached
southeastern
California
in
1964.
They
are
now
found
throughout most of the state.
New research from the
National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of
the trend. For its new
report,
“Survival by Degrees,” Audubon scientists analyzed
the current geographic ranges of 604 North
American bird species, and modeled how
those ranges would change at different levels of
warming. At a
global
temperature
rise
of
three
degrees
Celsius,
they
found
that
389
of
those
species—or
nearly
two
-
thirds of
those studied—would become endangered, losing much
of their current habitat.
47
Why does this matter to
anyone who’s not a bird watcher? For one thing,
birds play a crucial role in
the
ecology, keeping down insect populations and
serving as food themselves for larger predators
(
食肉
动物
).
48
Their
shifting
ranges
warn
of
increasing
droughts,
floods,
fires,
rising
seas
and
unlivable cities.
49
Audubon
scientists
modeled
what
would
happen
at
lesser
levels
of
warming,
and
the
results are striking. Limiting warming
to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for
three
-
quarters of those
threatened birds. Audubon’s report
“Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast
but rather a call to
action.
It
stresses the need for
action at
every
level,
by individuals and
governments
alike, to
reduce
greenhouse gas
emissions.
As
a
lifelong
birder,
I’m
proud
of
the
role
my
tribe
has
played
in
documenting
the
effects
of
climate change. When local conditions
change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers
may decrease
and disappear, few will
notice.
50
I hope people can pay close attention
to the urgent message
in this new
report and work together for solutions. Birds tell
us we don’t have time to wait.
A. We still have time to do
something about it, however.
B. But they also serve as a visible
symbol of broader environmental shifts.
C. This would greatly
benefit humans, reducing the potential suffering
for people.
D. But when a
bird species disappears, we dedicated birders
document the change.
E. In
recent decades, that has meant a consistent
northward shift in where species are
found.
F. The changes will
make birding exciting, with birders finding new
species in unexpected places.
G. Even if some could shift their range
northward, they would soon start to run out of
room on the map.
46. E
47.
G
48. B
49.
A
50. D
2020
延庆一模
Where
do
you
think
the
world’s
happiest
people
live? Somewhere
hot
with
sandy
beaches? A
country with a
tradition of the fine food and culture? Not
according to a recent study by the university
of
Leicester.
Who
are
the
happiest
people
on
Earth?
46
Surprised?
Well
you’ll
be
more
surprised when you hear that the Danes
pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So
what is the
secret of their
success?
Let’s
start with all that tax they pay. The Danish
government provides its people with one of the
finest education and health systems in
the world. It spends more on children and elderly
people per
capital(
人均
) than
other country. .
47
Because
a
shop
assistant’s
final
salary
is
not
that
much
less
than
someone
who
works in a bank, for example, Danes
don’t choose their careers based on money or
status as people in
other countries do.
They choose the job they want to do. There’s a
philosophy in Denmark known as
“Jante
-
lov”,
which translates as “you’re no better than anybody
else.”
48
But
workers in other
countries are not used
to looking at life in this way.
Money doesn’t seem as
important in Denmark. It has been called a “post
consumerist” society.
49
What is more
important is the sense of society and it’s no
surprise that Danes are very used
to
socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of
social club and these clubs are even paid for by
the government.
50
They
also
show
an amazing
amount
of
trust
in
each other
and
their government.
You can
see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll
find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take
what you want and leave the money in a
basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for
Denmark. The
Danes can afford cars but
they choose bikes—simple, economical,
non
-
polluting machines that
show
A. In a list ranking
countries by the happiness of their citizens, it
put tropical Fiji 50 places below
freezing Iceland.
B. The street sweeper can hold his head
up high as he proudly does his job.
C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious
as many other nations.
D.
Most Danes are used to seeing between
50
-
70% of their salary going
to the government.
E. Those
5.5 million people who call Denmark their
home.
F. People have nice
things in their houses, but they’re not mad about
shopping and spending.
G. And there’s another advantage to
those high taxes.
延庆一模：
46. E
47. G
48.B
49. F
50.
C
2020
门头沟一模
How to Automate New Habits So That
You’ll Keep to Them
5
no status and help keep
people fit.
Anyone
who’s
tried
to
add
something
new
to
their
routine
knows
one
thing:
Building
new
habits isn’t easy. 46
The good news: There’s a solution, and
it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you
want to
save more but it seems
difficult to achieve, try transferring five
dollars to your savings account each
time you buy lunch during the week. If
you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to
go to the
gym every day, try doing 5
pushups after each time you use the
restroom.
That sounds easy.
48 “Automation works well in developing new
behavior patterns because it
involves
the use of positive
reinforcement(
强化
), which is
one of the most powerful tools for behavior
change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist,
tells Shine.
“As you’re
engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you
may quickly
start to
experience
feelings of
accomplishment and pride that you’re making the
changes you wanted to make,” she says.
“Those positive feelings are forms of
reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue
doing things
that reinforce
you.”
Along with its
positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the
impact of
small
changes in
making a big difference. Though we all
love the major successes, the small changes along
the way are
what get us there in the
first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small
change you’ve made, you’re
giving
yourself the message that you are capable of
accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and
self
-
belief are
extremely helpful to have as you continue toward
creating new behavior change.”
50 Take a look at what things you keep
doing throughout the day or course of the week to
decide
when to add new automation.
Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re
always extremely
tired after work, then
you might consider picking an auto habit that
occurs in your morning routine
rather
than in the evening.”
Louis
also explains that although you should pick a
behavior that occurs frequently enough to
maximize the opportunities to build
towards your goal, try not to choose an already
existing behavior
that occurs too
often—like checking your phone or drinking of
water. “You might not even realize
you’re doing it, and may then miss a
lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she
says.
A. Find your auto
habits.
B. It takes time and
insistence.
C. But it turns
out to be efficient while trying.
D. Consider auto habits that occur at
times or places.
E. It’s the
small steps that fuel your motivation and
self
-
belief.
F. It is when you add what you’d like
to be your new habit onto an existing
habit.
G. Building a new
habit requires strong mind to help the process go
along smoothly.
门头沟一模：
46
．
B
47
．
F
48
．
C
49
．
E
50
．
A
2020
密云一模
6
Mystery of
Evolution
Following
the
outbreak
of
the
novel
coronavirus
pneumonia(NCP),
also
named
COVID
-
19
by
WHO,
there
is
a
general
fear
of
the
unknown
virus
as
its
full
effects
remain
to
be
seen.
Fever,
coughing, sore throat, difficulty
breathing
-
the NCP's symptoms
are similar to the common cold or the
flu. but it's potentially more
dangerous.
Viruses
could
be
deadly,
like
HIV
and
Ebola
(
埃博拉
) .
But
what
are
viruses?
How
can
they
cause so much trouble?
Viruses are non
-
living
organisms (
有机体
)
approximately one
-
millionth
of an
inch long. Unlike human cells or
bacteria, they can't reproduce on their own.
46
Viruses can
infect every living
thing
-
from plants and
animals down to the smallest bacteria. For
this
reason,
they
always
have
the
potential
to
be
dangerous
to
human
life.
Sometimes
a
virus
can
cause a disease so
serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections
cause no noticeable reaction. Viruses
lie around our environment all of the
time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They
can enter our
bodies by the nose,
mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin.
47
For example, HIV, which causes AIDS.
attacks the
T
-
cells of the immune
system.
But
the
basic
question
is,
where
did
viruses
first
come
from?
48
the
origins
of
viruses is difficult.
Scientific American,
化石
) and because of the
tricks they use to
make
copies
of
themselves
within
the
cells
they've
invaded.
49
First,
viruses
started
as
independent
organisms,
then
became
parasites
(
寄生者
) .
Second.
viruses
evolved
from
pieces
of
DNA or
RNA that
-
evolved with their
host cells,
which means they existed
alongside these cells.
For
the time being, these are only theories. The
technology and evidence we have today cannot
be used to test these theories and
identify the most plausible explanation.
50
Or future studies
may reveal that the answer is even
murkier (
含糊不清的
)
than it now appears.
A. Once inside, they try to find a host
cell to infect.
B. Until
now, no clear explanation for their origin
exists.
C. Continuing
studies may provide us with clearer
answers.
D. There's pretty
strong evidence that this is a bat origin
coronavirus.
E. However,
there are three main hypotheses
(
假说
) to explain the origin
of viruses.
F. Instead, they
invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce,
spread and take over.
G. Bat
is a flying mammal with a long lifespan, whose
temperature is high, similar to a
fever.
密云一模：
46
-
50
FABEC
2020
平谷一模
The
World
Water
Day
has
been
celebrated
annually
on
22
March
since1992.
Each
year
has
a
different
theme,
looking
at
things
like
the
role
of
clean
water
in
the
world
of
work,
ways
to
stop
wasting
water, finding ways to supply water to
underprivileged groups and so on.
46
But it is also vital for
sanitation(
卫生
). It is
estimated that more than 700 children
under the age of seven die every day
from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor
sanitation. The
right
to
water
and
sanitation
was
recognized
as
a
human
right.
47
These
include
rural
communities, people
who have been displaced due to war and local
conflicts and areas where climate
change is making water more and more
scarcer.
Apart from the
obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean
water means that people —often
women
and children — spend hours every day walking to
and from distant water means
they don’
t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other
domestic duties.
48
And people
who are not able
to walk to get their own water are particularly
vulnerable.
There are many
charities working on creating sustainable supplies
of clean water for different
communities around the world.
49
But the fundamental problem of
increasing demand
for a limited
resource can only be addressed by more efficient
use of water, especially in industry and
agriculture.
Waste
-
water
recycling,
capturing
rainwater,
more
efficient
irrigation
techniques
and
reforestation are all examples of how
water can be used more efficiently.
50
We
should
support
charities,
raise
awareness,
take
part
in
the
World
Water
Day
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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