-
专业英语的概念是早在
1964
年由
Halliday
与
Mcinfash
和
Stmvens
在其合著的
The Linguistic
Sciences and Language
Teaching
一书中首先提出来的:
English
for Specific Purpose or English
for
Special Purpose
后来,
Tom
Hutchinson
and
Alan
Waters
在其著作“<
/p>
English
for
Specific
Purposes
:
a
learning
—
centered
approac
h(1987)”
中对专业英语做了更加广泛的
定义:
ESP is an approach to
language teaching in which all
decisions as to content and method are based on
the learner’s
reason for learning
专业英语构词特点
?
一是外来语多(拉丁语、希腊语)
?
二是构词方法多
?
常规构词法
——
转化、派生、合成法
?
其他:符号法、混成法和字母形象法等
?
专业英语和大学英语
?
1.
词汇的专业性
?
plant
:
?
——
工厂、车间
?
charge
:
?
——
电荷
?
positive
charge
:正电荷
?
base
:
?
——
碱专业英语和大学英语
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
2.
词汇构词法
词尾:
一般化
学元素多以
“
-
ium”
结尾,如:
Sodium
< br>代表
Na(
钠
)
、
Chromium
代表
C
r(
铬
)
等。
前缀:
mono-
:一;
< br>di-
:二,如:
carbon
monoxide(CO)
;
carbon
dioxide(CO
2
)
后缀:
p>
-ane
:烷烃,
-ene
:烯烃,
-one
:酮,如:
propane
(丙烷)
propylene
(丙烯)
acetone
(丙酮)
3.
缩写词汇
COD
:
Chemical Oxygen
Demand
——
化学需氧量
BOD
:
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand
——
生物需氧量
b.p.
:
Boiling point
——
沸点
4.
长句多且结构复杂
Why to
learn
“Special
English
in Chemistry” ?
?
专业英语的学习就是为了培养学生
在自己的专业领域内查阅、翻译英文文
献、
写出地道的论文英文
摘要,
与国外学者直接进行科技交流,
这才是英语
学习的最终目的。
?
给自己设定三个目标:
?
阅读方面:能查阅该领域的专业文章,通过专业词典
能快速理解文章主线和细
节;
?
写作方面:要求写出符合科技论文要求及特点的英文
摘要,在本科毕业论文中
具体体现;
?
听说方
面:要求能进行一些简单的专业技术交流。加强专业英语、基础英语和专业
课程的联系<
/p>
?
例如:
Surfactants are usually
organic compounds that are
amphiphilic
,
meaning they
contain both hydrophobic groups(their
“tails”)and hydrophilic groups(their
“heads”)
.
?
首先应该了解专业知识,表面活性
剂是指具有固定的亲水亲油基团,在溶液的表面
能定向排列,并能使表面张力显著下降的
物质。而且是由疏水基团,亲水基团二部
分组成。
?
分析:句中
that are amphiphilic
为定语从句,修饰
compounds
,
p>
meaning
引导同位
语从句,说明
p>
that are
amphiphilic
的含义。
翻
译:表面活性剂通常是两性的有机化合物,意思是它们既含有疏水基团,又含有亲水基
团
。
Colourless
Red-brown
Violet-black
Purple-black
Pale yellow
Dark brown
solid
liquid
gas
gaseous
oily
crystalline
uncrystalline
molten
odourless
pungent
choking
bitterfused
sweet
offensive
sour
lity
soluble
insoluble
slightly soluble
very soluble
ations
brisk effervescence
precipitate
milky
aqueous
solution
y
heavy
light
less dense
denser
greatly denser
slightly denser
about the same
dense
ss
hard
soft
ductile
malleable
ty
toxic
nontoxic
poisonous
g
point
boiling point
high
low
tivity
electronic conductivity
thermal conductivity
conductor
semiconductor
insulator
Lesson 2
Chemical Equations
1.
反应名称:
disproportionation
neutralization;
hydrolysis
exothermic
reaction
endothermic reaction
forward reaction
reverse reaction
spontaneous reaction
nonspontaneous reaction
2.
反应条件:
heat;
burn
ignite/ignition
electrolyze/electrolysis
under/at ambient/room temperature
under standard pressure
with/in the presence of catalyst
3.
反应读法:
Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form
ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the
presence of a catalyst.
1 mol nitrogen
reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia
at high temperature and
pressure with
the presence of a catalyst.
Nitrogen
combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high
temperature and pressure with
the
presence of a catalyst.
Reaction
between
nitrogen
and
hydrogen
at
high
temperature
and
pressure
with
the
presence of a catalyst gives ammonia.
Ammonia decomposes to nitrogen and
hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the
presence of a catalyst.
At high temperature and
pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in
the presence of a
catalyst takes place.
例:
Zinc treated with
hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and zinc chloride
Calcium carbonate when heated produces
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
Calcium carbonate is heated to yield
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium
oxide and carbon dioxide when it is heated.
Lesson 3
Chemical
Calculation
1.
化学术语
atomic mass/weight;
molecular weight
amount(of substance);
mole
number of moles;
molar mass
molar volume;
concentration
molarity;
reactant
product;
yield
2.
数学术语
+
-
×
÷
运算名称
addition
subtraction
multiplication
division
动词读法
add
substract(ed)·
from
multiply(ied)·
by
divide(d)·
by
介词读法
plus
minus
times
over
运算结果
sum
difference
product
quotient
?
0.001
zero point zero zero one
?
2
/
3
two thirds
?
=
equals/is equal to
?
≈
is
approximately equal to
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
<
less than
>
greater than
x
2
x
squared
x
3
x cubed
x
-10
x to the minus tenth power
100
o
c
one hundred degrees
centigrade
5%
five percent
(by mass, volume)
?
()
round brackets/parentheses
?
[ ]
square/angular
brackets
{}
braces
Lesson 4
Nomenclature of
Inorganic Chemicals
(
无机物质命名法
)
一
.
元素和
单质的命名
“
p>
元素
”
和
“
单质
”
的英文意思都是
“element”
,有时为了区别,在强调“单
质”时可用
“
free element”
。因此,单质的英文名称与元素
的英文名称是一样的。下面给出
的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。
S-block Element
?
IA
?
Hydrogen
?
Lithium
?
Sodium
?
Potassium
?
Rubidium
?
Cesium
?
Francium
?
IIA
?
?
Beryllium
?
Magnesium
?
Calcium
?
Strontium
?
Barium
?
Radium
?
P-block Element
?
IIIA
?
?
Boron
?
Aluminium
?
Gallium
?
Indium
?
Thallium
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