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2021-02-27 16:08
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2021年2月27日发(作者:贝宁顿)


专业英语的概念是早在


1964


年由

< p>
Halliday



Mcinfash

< p>


Stmvens


在其合著的

The Linguistic


Sciences and Language Teaching


一书中首先提出来的:


English for Specific Purpose or English


for Special Purpose


后来,


Tom


Hutchinson


and


Alan


Waters


在其著作“< /p>


English


for


Specific


Purposes



a


learning



centered approac


h(1987)”


中对专业英语做了更加广泛的 定义:


ESP is an approach to


language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learner’s


reason for learning


专业英语构词特点




?



一是外来语多(拉丁语、希腊语)




?



二是构词方法多




?



常规构词法


——


转化、派生、合成法




?



其他:符号法、混成法和字母形象法等



?



专业英语和大学英语



?



1.


词汇的专业性




?








plant





?








——


工厂、车间




?








charge





?








——


电荷




?








positive charge


:正电荷




?








base





?








——


碱专业英语和大学英语



?




?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



2.


词汇构词法




词尾:












一般化 学元素多以



-


ium”


结尾,如:











Sodium

< br>代表


Na(



)



Chromium


代表


C r(



)


等。




前缀:













mono-


:一;

< br>di-


:二,如:













carbon monoxide(CO)



carbon dioxide(CO


2


)



后缀:













-ane


:烷烃,


-ene


:烯烃,



-one


:酮,如:













propane


(丙烷)



propylene


(丙烯)



acetone


(丙酮)




3.


缩写词汇









COD










Chemical Oxygen Demand








——


化学需氧量









BOD










Biochemical Oxygen Demand








——


生物需氧量









b.p.










Boiling point








——


沸点



4.


长句多且结构复杂





Why to learn











“Special English





















in Chemistry” ?




?



专业英语的学习就是为了培养学生 在自己的专业领域内查阅、翻译英文文


献、


写出地道的论文英文 摘要,


与国外学者直接进行科技交流,


这才是英语


学习的最终目的。



?



给自己设定三个目标:




?



阅读方面:能查阅该领域的专业文章,通过专业词典





能快速理解文章主线和细


节;




?



写作方面:要求写出符合科技论文要求及特点的英文





摘要,在本科毕业论文中


具体体现;




?



听说方 面:要求能进行一些简单的专业技术交流。加强专业英语、基础英语和专业


课程的联系< /p>




?



例如:


Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphiphilic



meaning they


contain both hydrophobic groups(their “tails”)and hydrophilic groups(their “heads”)




?



首先应该了解专业知识,表面活性 剂是指具有固定的亲水亲油基团,在溶液的表面


能定向排列,并能使表面张力显著下降的 物质。而且是由疏水基团,亲水基团二部


分组成。



?



分析:句中


that are amphiphilic


为定语从句,修饰


compounds



meaning


引导同位


语从句,说明


that are amphiphilic


的含义。



翻 译:表面活性剂通常是两性的有机化合物,意思是它们既含有疏水基团,又含有亲水基


团 。




















Colourless



















Red-brown


















Violet-black


















Purple-black


















Pale yellow


















Dark brown




















solid



















liquid


















gas


















gaseous

















oily





















crystalline













uncrystalline



















molten


















































odourless



















pungent


















choking













bitterfused








sweet



















offensive












sour
















lity


soluble



insoluble



slightly soluble



very soluble


ations


















brisk effervescence


















precipitate




























milky


















aqueous solution



















y


















heavy












light


















less dense










denser


















greatly denser


















slightly denser


















about the same dense


ss











hard











soft











ductile











malleable


ty












toxic






















nontoxic












poisonous



g point





boiling point





high








low





tivity


















electronic conductivity


















thermal conductivity


















conductor


















semiconductor


















insulator


Lesson 2






Chemical Equations


1.


反应名称:












disproportionation











neutralization;






hydrolysis










exothermic reaction










endothermic reaction










forward reaction










reverse reaction










spontaneous reaction










nonspontaneous reaction














2.


反应条件:




















heat;






burn










ignite/ignition










electrolyze/electrolysis










under/at ambient/room temperature










under standard pressure










with/in the presence of catalyst


3.


反应读法:



Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the


presence of a catalyst.





1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and


pressure with the presence of a catalyst.





Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with


the presence of a catalyst.




Reaction


between


nitrogen


and


hydrogen


at


high


temperature


and


pressure


with


the


presence of a catalyst gives ammonia.





Ammonia decomposes to nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the


presence of a catalyst.




At high temperature and pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in the presence of a


catalyst takes place.



例:





Zinc treated with hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and zinc chloride





Calcium carbonate when heated produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide


Calcium carbonate is heated to yield calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.



Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when it is heated.





Lesson 3






Chemical Calculation


1.


化学术语




atomic mass/weight;



















molecular weight


amount(of substance);


















mole


number of moles;






















molar mass


molar volume;

























concentration



molarity;





























reactant


product;






























yield



2.


数学术语



















































×

















÷


运算名称





addition




subtraction




multiplication




division


动词读法





add









substract(ed)·


from






multiply(ied)·


by







divide(d)·


by


介词读法





plus











minus

















times













over


运算结果





sum











difference








product








quotient



?



0.001







zero point zero zero one


?



2


/


3











two thirds


?
















equals/is equal to



?















is approximately equal to



?



?



?



?



?



?



?
















less than
















greater than


x


2















x squared


x


3















x cubed




x


-10












x to the minus tenth power


100


o


c








one hundred degrees centigrade




5%











five percent



(by mass, volume)


?



()










round brackets/parentheses


?




[ ]












square/angular brackets


{}












braces




























Lesson 4






Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemicals


(


无机物质命名法


)




.


元素和 单质的命名









元素





单质



的英文意思都是


“element”


,有时为了区别,在强调“单


质”时可用 “


free element”


。因此,单质的英文名称与元素 的英文名称是一样的。下面给出


的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。






S-block Element



?



IA


?



Hydrogen


?



Lithium


?



Sodium


?



Potassium



?



Rubidium


?



Cesium


?



Francium


?



IIA


?




?



Beryllium


?



Magnesium


?



Calcium


?



Strontium


?



Barium


?



Radium



?



P-block Element


?



IIIA


?




?



Boron


?



Aluminium



?



Gallium


?



Indium


?



Thallium

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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