-
专题一
阅读理解
第
3
讲
主旨大意题
[
真题演练
]
A
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ，阅读理解
D)(
导学号
58210008)
Bad news it
bleeds
，
it news is good
news
，
and good news is
no are the classic rules for the
evening broadcasts and the morning
now
that information is being spread and
monitored(
监控
)in different
ways
，
researchers
are
discovering
new
tracking
people's
e
－
mails
and
online
posts
，
scientists
have found that good news can spread faster and
farther than
disasters and sob stories.
“
The
‘
i
f it bleeds
’
rule works for
mass media
，
”
says
Jonah Berger
，
a scholar
at
the
University
of
Pennsylvania.
“
They
want
your
eyeballs
and
don't
care
how
you're
when you share a
story with your friends
，
you
care a lot more how they
don't want
them to think of you as a Debbie
Downer.
”
Researchers analyzing word
－
of
－
mouth commun
ication
—
e
－
mails
，
Web posts
and
reviews
，
face
－
to
－
face
conversations
—<
/p>
found
that
it
tended
to
be
more
positive
than
negative(
消极的
)
，
but
that
didn't
necessarily
mean
people preferred
positive
positive
news
shared
more
often
simply
because
people
experienced
more
good
things
than bad things? To test for that
possibility
，
looked at how
people spread a particular set of news
stories
：
thousands of
articles on The New
York
Times'
website
.He
and
a
Penn
colleague
analyzed
the“most
e
－
mailed
”
list
for
six of his
first findings was
that
articles
in the science
section were
much
more
likely
to
make
the
list
than
non
－
science
found
that
science
amazed
Times'
readers
and
made
them
want
to
share
this
positive
feeling
with
others.
Readers also tended
to share articles that were exciting or
funny
，
or that
inspired negative feelings like anger
or anxiety
，
but not articles
that left them
merely
needed
to
be
aroused
(
激发
)
one
way
or
the
other
，
and
they
preferred
good
news
to
more
positive
an
article
，
the
more
likely
it
was
to
be
shared
，
as
explains in his new book
，
“
Contagious
：Why Things Catch
On.”
【语篇解读】
人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，
类似的传统说法只适合于大众
媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。
< br>
32
．
What do
the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A
．
News reports.
B
．
Research
papers.
C
．
Private
e
－
mails.
D
．
Daily
conversations.
解析：
细节理解题。根据第二段“The‘if it
bleeds’rule works for mass
media”
可知，像“if it bleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，
故选
A
。
答案：
A
33
．
What can we
infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A
．
They're
socially inactive.
B
．
They're good at
telling stories.
C
．
They're
inconsiderate of others.
D
．
They're careful
with their words.
解析：
推理判断题。根据第二段“...You care a
lot more how they react”可知，
你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的
故事后的反应，
根据本段“You
don't
want
them
to
think
of
you
as a Debbie
Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie
D
owner”，说明指的是“一个不
为他人考虑的人”，故选
C
。
答案：
C
34
．
Which tended
to be the most e
－
mailed
according to 's research?
A
．
Sports news.
B
．
Science
articles.
C
．
Personal
accounts.
D
．
Financial
reviews.
解析：
细节理解题。根据第三段“...articles
in
the
science
section
were
much
more
likely to make the list
than non
－science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技
类
的更有可能被人们讨论，故选
B
。<
/p>
答案：
B
★
can be a suitable title
for the text?
A
．
Sad Stories
Travel Far and Wide
B
．
Online News
Attracts More People
C
．
Reading Habits
Change with the Times
D
．
Good News Beats
Bad on Social Networks
解析：
标题归纳题。根据第一段“
By
tracking
people's
e
－
mails
and
online
posts
，
scientists
have found that good news can spread faster and
farther than disasters
and
sob
stori
es.”可知，好
消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是
好消息通过网络的传播，故
选
D
。
答案：
D
B
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解
D)
The
meaning
of
silence
varies
among
cultural
es
may
be
thoughtful
，
or
they may be empty when a person has nothing to
say.A silence in a conversation
may
also show stubbornness
，
uneas
iness
，
or e may be viewed by
some
cultural
groups
as
extremely
unco
mfortable
；
therefore
attempts
may
be
made
to
fill
every gap(
间隙
)
with
s in other
cultural
groups value
silence
and
view it as necessary for understanding a person's
needs.
Many
Native
Americans
value
silence
and
feel
it
is
a basic
part
of
communicating
among
people
，
just as some
traditional Chinese and Thai persons
ore
，
when
a
person
from
one
of
these
cultures
is
speaking
and
suddenly
stops
，
what
may
be implied(
暗示
) is
that the person wants the listener to consider
what has been
said before these
cultures
，
silence is a call
for reflection.
Other cultures may use
silence in other
ways
，
particularly when
dealing with
conflicts among people or
in relationships of people with different amounts
of
example
，
Russ
ian
，
French
，
and Spanish persons may use silence to show
agreement
between
parties
about
the
topic under
r
，
Mexicans
may
use silence when
instructions are given by a person in authority
rather than be
rude to that person by
arguing with him or still another
use
，
persons in
Asian cultures may view silence as a
sign of respect
，
particularly
to an elder or
a person in authority.
Nurses and other
care
－
givers need to be aware
of the possible meanings of
silence
when
they
come
across
the
personal
anxiety
their
patients
may
be
should
recognize their own
personal and cultural construction
of silence so that a patient's silence
is not interrupted too early or allowed to
go
on
unnecessarily.A
nurse
who
understands
the
healing(
治愈
)
value
of
silence
can
use this understanding
to assist in the care of patients from their own
and from
other cultures.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，主
要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
32
．
What does the
author say about silence in conversations?
A
．
It implies
anger.
B
．
It
promotes friendship.
C
．
It is
culture
－
specific.
D
．
It is
content
－
based.
解析
：
推理判断题。
根据文章首段首句“The
meaning
of
silence
varise
among
cultural
gr
oups”和下文给出的例子可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。
答案：
C
33
．
Which of the
following people might regard silence as a call
for careful
thought?
A
．
The Chinese.
B
．
The French.
C
．
The Mexicans.
D
．
The Russians. <
/p>
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段可知许多
美国本土人，
一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认
为谈话时人们沉默
是在思考。
答案：
A
34
．
What does the
author advise nurses to do about silence?
A
．
Let it continue
as the patient pleases.
B
．
Break it while
treating patients.
C
．
Evaluate its
harm to patients.
D
．
Make use of its
healing effects.
解析：
细节理解题。根据末段末句“A nurse who
understands the healing value of
silence can use this understanding to
assis
t in the care of patients...”可知，
作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选
D
。
答案：
D
★
may be the best title for
the text?
A
．
Sound
and Silence
B
．
What It Means
to Be Silent
C
．
Silence to
Native Americans
D
．
Speech Is
Silver
；
Silence Is Gold
解析：
标题归纳题。
文章主要介绍了在不同文化背
景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，
由
此判断
B
选项可以概括文章内容。故选
B
。
答案：
B
C
(2015·广东卷，阅读理解
C
)(
导学号
58210009)
Daniel
Anderson
，
a
famous
psychologist
，
believes
it's
important
to
distinguish
television's
influences on children from those of the tend to
blame TV
，
he
says
，
for
problems
it
doesn't
really
cause
，
overlooking
our
own
roles
in
shaping
children's minds.
One
traditional belief about television is that it
reduces a child's ability
to
think
and
to
understand
the
watching
TV
，
children
do
not
merely
absorb
words
and
images
(
影像
)
．
Instead
，
they
learn
both
explicit
and
hidden
meanings
from
what they
ly
，
children learn early the
psychology of characters in TV
rmore
，
as
many
teachers
agree
，
children
understand
far
more
when
parents
watch
TV
with
them
，
explaining
new
words
and
，
most
parents
use
an
educational program as a chance to park
their kids in front of the set and do
something in another room.
Another argument against television is
that it replaces reading as a form of
according
to
Anderson
，
the
amount
of
time
spent
watching
television is not related to reading
doesn't take the place of reading
for
most
children
；
it
takes
the
place
of
similar
sorts
of
recreation
，
such
as
listening
to
the radio and playing like parents' educational
background have
a stronger influence on
a child's reading.
“
A child's
reading ability is best
predicted by
how much a parent
reads
，
”
Anderson
says.
Traditional wisdom also has it
that heavy
television
－
watching lowers
IQ (
智
商
) scores
and affects school here
，
too
，
Anderson notes that no
studies
have
proved
fact
，
reasearch
suggests
that
it's
the
other
way
around.“If you're smart
young，
you'll watch less TV when you're
older
，
”
Anderson
，
people of lower
IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.
For years researchers have attempted to
show that television is dangerous to
r
，
by
showing
that
television
promotes
none
of
the
dangerous
effects
as conventionally
believed
，
Anderson suggests
that television cannot be condemned
without considering other influences.
【语篇解读】
本文为议论文，
题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思
维能力的培养产
生负面的影响，
还会让孩子远离阅读。
而著名心理学家安德森对
此提出了不
同的看法。
36
．
By watching
TV
，
children learn ________.
A
．
images through
words
B
．
more than
explicit meanings
C
．
more about
images than words
D
．
little about
people's psychology
解析：
事实细节题
。
根据第二段第三句“Instead，
they
learn
both
explicit
and
hidden
meanings from what
they see.
”可知答案为
B
项
。
答案：
B
37
．
An educational
program is best watched by a child ________.
A
．
on his own
C
．
with his
parents
B
．
with
other kids
D
．
with
his teachers
解析：
推理判断题。根据文章第二
段倒数第二句“Furthermore，
as many teachers
agree
，
children
understand
far
more
when
parents
watch
TV
with
them
，
explaining
new
words and ideas.
< br>可以推断出答案为
C
项。
答案：
C
38
．
Which of the
following is most related to children's reading
ability?
A
．
Radio<
/p>
－
listening.
B
．
Television
－
watching.
C
．
Parents'
reading list.
D
．
Parents'
educational background.
解析：
事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things
like
parents'
educational
background have
a stronger influence on a child's
reading.”可知答案为
D
项。
答案：
D
39
．
Anderson
believes that ________.
A
．
the more a
child watches TV
，
the smarter
he is
B
．
the
younger a child is
，
the more
he watches TV
C
．
the smarter a
child is
，
the less likely he
gets addicted to TV
D
．
the less a
child watches TV
，
the better
he performs at school
解析：
推理判
断题。
根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“If
yo
u're
smart
young
，
you'll
watch less TV when you're older
< br>，
”可以推断出答案为
C
项。<
/p>
答案：
C
★
is the main purpose of the
passage?
A
．
To
advise on the educational use of TV.
B
．
To describe
TV's harmful effects on children.
C
．
To explain
traditional views on TV influences.
D
．
To present
Anderson's unconventional ideas.
解析：
主旨大意题。
整篇文章讲述的都是安德森关于看电视对孩子的影响所提
出的非传
统的观点。故选
D
项。
答案：
D
[
模拟演练
]
A
(2017·湘潭一中等六校联考
)
After
the
earthquake
had
stopped,
when
the
rescuers
reached
the
ruins
of
a
young
woman's
house, they saw her dead body through the her
pose was somehow
strange
that
she
knelt
on
her
knees
like
a
person
was
worshiping(
做礼
拜
)
；
her
body
was leaning forward,
and her two hands were supported by an collapsed
house had crashed her back and her
head.
With so many difficulties, the
leader of the rescue team put his hand through
a narrow gap on the wall to reach the
woman's was hoping that this woman
could be still r, the cold and stiff
body told him that she had passed
away
for sure.
He and the rest of the team
left this house and were going to search the next
collapsed
some
reasons,
the
team
leader
was
driven
by
compelling
force
to go back to the
ruined house of the dead , he knelt down and used
his
hand
through
the
narrow
cracks
to
search
the
little
space
under
the
dead
ly, he screamed with
excitement
，
“
A
child! There is a child
！”
The whole team worked
together
；
carefully they
removed the piles of ruined
objects
around the dead was a 3
－
mon
th
－
old little boy wrapped in
a
flowery
blanket
under
his
mother's
dead
sly,
the
woman
had
made
a
sacrifice for saving her her house was
falling, she used her body to make
a
cover to protect her little boy was still
sleeping peacefully when the
team
leader picked him up.
The medical
doctor came quickly to exam the little he opened
the
blanket, he saw a cell was a text
message on the
said
，
“
If
you can survive,
you must
remember that I love you.”This cell phone was
passing
around
from
one hand
to
ody
that
read the message
wept.“
If you can
survive
，
you
must
remember
that
I
love
you.
”
Such
is
the
mother's
love
for
her
child
!
【语篇解读】
本文为记叙文。
作者讲述了一个感人的真实故事。
在地震中一位普通而
又伟大的母亲在危难时刻为自己的孩子开辟了一条生命通道，
她把死留了自己，
把生留给了
自己的孩子。
1
．
Why did the
leader of the rescue team decide to leave the
house?
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