-
注：
C1---
剑桥雅思第一册，
T1---
第一套题，
P1---
< br>第一篇阅读，依次类推
1.
The
quest
for
a
practical
match
really
began
after
1781
when
a
group
of
French
chemisits
came up with the Phosphoric Candle or
Ethereal Match, a sealed glass tube containing a
twist
of paper tipped with
phosphorus.(C1T1P1)
2.
An
even
more
hazardous
device,
popular
in
America,
was
the
Instantaneous
Light
Box---a
bottle
filled
with
sulphuric
acid
into
which
splints
treated
with
chemicals
were
dipped.(C1T1P1)
3.
The first
matches resembling those used today were made in
1827 by John Walker, an English
pharmacist
who
borrowed
the
formula
from
a
military
rocket-maker
called
Congreve.(C1T1P1)
4.
It
wasn
’
t
until
1900
that
the
Diamond
Match
Company
bought
a
French
patent
for
safety
matches---but the
formula did not work properly in the different
climate conditions prevailing
in
America and it was another 11 years before
scientists finally adapted the French patent for
the US.(C1T1P1)
5.
The
commitment
has
now
been
clearly
defined
in
The
World
Zoo
Conservation
Strategy,
which---although
an
important
and
welcome
document
---does
seem
to
be
based
on
an
unrealistic optimism
about the nature of the zoo industry.(C1T1P2)
6.
Of course it
is difficult to get accurate data but, to put the
issue into perspective, I have found
that
,
in
a
year
of
working
in
Eastern
Europe,
I
discovered
fresh
zoos
on
almost
a
weekly
basis.(C1T1P2)
7.
This establishment, which for years was
protected by the local council (which viewed it as
a
tourist
amenity),
was
finally
closed
down
following
a
damning
report
by
a
veterinary
inspector appointed under the terms of
th Zoo Licensing Act 1881.(C1T1P2)
8.
Even
assuming
that
the
WZCS
’
s
100
core
zoos
are
all
of
a
high
standard
---complete
with
scientific
staff
and
research
facilities,
trained
and
dedicated
keepers,
accommodation
that
permits nomal or
natural behaviour, and a policy of co-operating
fully with each other---what
might be
the potential of conservation?(C1T1P2)
9.
This seems an
extremely optimistic proposition from a man who
must be aware of the failing
and
weakness of the zoo industry---the man who, when a
member of the council of London
Zoo,
had to persuade the zoo to devote more of its
activities to conservation.(C1T1P2)
10.
And
indeed
since
social
scientists
have
considerable
difficulty
explaining
weightier
topics,
such
as
work
and
politics,
it
might
be
thought
that
they
would
have
great
difficulties
in
accounting for more trivial phenomena
such as holiday-making.(C1T2P3)
11.
Recent work
by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it
shows that, for young children,
too,
the difficulty lies not in the inference processes
which the task demands, but in certain
perplexing features of the apparatus
and the procedure.(C2T1P3)
12.
When
these
are
changes
in
ways
which
do
not
at
all
affect
the
inferential
nature
of
the
problem,
then five-year-old children solve the problem as
well as college students did in the
Kendler
’
s own
experiments.(C2T1P3)
13.
Then he helped the child to understand
that there was no
“
magic
”
about the specific marble
which,
during
the
second
stage
of
the
training,
the
experimenter
handed
to
him
so
that
he
could pop
it in the hole and get the reward.(C2T1P3)
14.
We
may
conclude,
then
that
children
experience
very
real
difficulty
when
faced
with
the
Kendler
apparatus,
but
this
difficulty
cannot
be
taken
as
proof
that
they
are
incapable
of
deductive reasoning.(C2T1P3)
15.
The prime
objective of the benchmarking process was to
compare a range of service delivery
processes
across
a
range
of
criteria
using
teams
made
up
of
employees
from
different
departments within
the hotel which interacted with each
other.(C2T2P1)
16.
British
industry,
in
particular,
has
in
recent
decades
often
been
criticised
for
its
linguistic
industry---for
its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy
to communicate in English and
that
awareness of other languages is not therefore a
priority.(C2T2P2)
17.
It is now much more readily appreciated
that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged or
disrupted by a failure to take account
of the linguistic needs of the customer.(C2T2P2)
18.
Ports
take
advantageof
the
need
for
breaking
up
the
bulk
material
where
water
and
land
transport
meet
and
where
loading
and
unloading
costs
can
be
minimised
by
refining
raw
materials or turning them into finished
goods.(C2T2P3)
19.
Many of the nurses had not realised the
impact their behaviour was having on the
organisation
and
their
colleagues
but
there
were
also
staff
members
who
felt
that
talking
to
them
about
their
absenteeism
was
“
picking
”
on
them
and
this
usually
had
a
negative
effect
on
management-employee
relationships.(C2T3P1)
20.
While
emissions
from
new
cars
are
far
less
harmful
than
they
used
to
be,
city
streets
and
motorways are becoming more crowded
than ever, often with older trucks, buses and
taxis,
which emit excessive levels of
smoke and fumes.(C2T3P2)
21.
A
report
from
Mintel,
the
market
research
organisation,
says
that
despite
recession
and
financial pressures, more people than
ever want to buy environmentally friendly products
and
a
“
green
wave
”
has
swept
through
consumerism,
taking
in
people
previously
untouched
by
environmental concerns.(C2T4P1)
22.
Mintel
’
s
1994
survey
found
that
13
per
cent
of
consumers
are
“
very
dark
green
”
,
nearly
always buying
environmentally friendly products, 28 per cent are
“
dark
green
”
, trying
“
as far
as
possible
”
to buy
such
products,
and
21
per cent
are
“
pale
green
”
---tending
to
buy
green
products if they see them.(C2T4P1)
23.
Among
green
consumers,
animal
testing
is
the
top
issue---
48
per
cent
said
they
would
be
deterred
from
buying
a
product
if
it
had
been
tested
on
animals---followed
by
concerns
regarding
irresponsible
selling,
the
ozone
layer,
river
and
sea
pollution,
forest,
destruction,
recycling and
factory farming.(C2T4P1)
24.
When children were given words and
pictures, those who seemed to ignore the picture
and
pointed at the words learnt more
words than the children who pointed at the
pictures, but they
still learnt fewer
words than the children who had no illustrated
stimuli at all.(C2T4P2)
25.
The genetic inheritance a baby
receives from
its parents at
the moment of conception fixes
much of
its later development, determining characteristics
as varied as whether it will have
blue
eyes or suffer from a life-threatening illness
such as cystic fibrosis.(C2T4P3)
26.
Errors in the
genetic recipe for haemoglobin, the protein that
gives blood its characteristic red
colour and which carries oxygen from
the lungs to the rest of the body, give rise to
the most
common single-gene disorder in
the world: thalassaemia.(C2T4P3)
27.
However, it
wasn
’
t until the discovery
of the reaction principle, which was the key to
space
travel and so represents one of
the great milestones in the history of scientific
thought, that
rocket technology was
able to develop.(C3T1P1)
28.
It is strange that the rocket was
generally ignored by writers of fiction to
transport their heroes