-
Chinese garden
/wiki/Chinese_garden
The Chinese garden, also known as a
Chinese classical garden, recreates natural
landscapes
in
miniature.
The
style
has
evolved
for
more
than
three
thousand
years,
and includes both the
vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and smaller
gardens built
by scholars, poets, and
former government officials.
The Chinese consider gardens a serious
art form and as with painting, sculpture and
poetry aim
to attain in their design
the balance, harmony, proportion and variety that
are considered essential
to
life.
The
classical Chinese garden is enclosed by a wall and
has one or more ponds, a rock garden,
trees
and
flowers,
and
an
assortment
of
halls
and
pavilions
within
the
garden,
connected
by
winding
paths
and
zig-zag galleries.
By
moving
from
structure
to
structure,
visitors
can
view
a
series of carefully-composed scenes,
unrolling like a scroll of landscape paintings
中国园林
,
也被称为中国古典园林
,
是对自然景观的缩小和复制。
中国园林艺术已<
/p>
经有了长达三千多年的历史
,
不论是由皇
帝建造的皇家园林，
还是由学者、
诗人，
前朝官员建造的小花园都称为
--
园林。
中国将园林视为一种严肃的艺术形式，和绘画、雕塑、诗歌一样，
将比例和变化看得至关重
要，以达到设计的平衡与和谐。
中国古典园林是被围墙封闭起来的，
在园林中有一个或多个
池塘、
假山、树木和花卉。
各式
各样的
大厅和亭榭连接着蜿蜒的路径和蜿蜒的画廊。
从一个又一个的建筑中穿过，
游者可以
看到一系列的场景，好似展开的的风景画一般。
History
Beginnings
The earliest recorded Chinese gardens
were created in the valley of the Yellow River,
during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046
B.C). These gardens were large enclosed parks
where the kings and nobles hunted game,
or where fruit and vegetables were grown.
< br>中国记载最早的园林是由商朝
（
1600-1046B.
C
）
在黄河流域修建的园林。
这些园<
/p>
林是为了给皇帝和贵族游玩打猎或种植花果蔬菜所建立的大型封闭式园林。
Early inscriptions from this
period, carved on tortoise shells, have three
Chinese
characters for garden,
you
,
pu
and
yuan
.
You
was a royal garden where
birds and
animals were kept, while pu
was a garden for plants. During the Qin Dynasty
(221-206 BC),
yuan
became the character
for all gardens.
在这一时期刻在甲骨上
的铭文可以看到有关中国园林的三种特性：游，圃，园。
游代表着养殖着鸟兽的皇家园林
。圃是种着植物的花园。而从秦朝
(
公元前
221
—
206
年
)
开始，“园”包含了园林的所有特点。
1
Another early
royal garden was
Shaqui
, or
the
Dunes of Sand
, built by
the last Shang
ruler, King Zhou of
Shang. (1075-1046 B.C.). It was composed of an
earth terrace, or
tai
, which
served as an observation platform in the center of
a large square park. It
was described
in one of the early classics of Chinese
literature, th Shiji, or the
Records of
the Grand Historian
.
另一个早期的皇家园林是沙丘
,
是由商朝统治者纣王
<(
公元前
1075 - 1046)
建
造。作为一个观测的大平台。它在中国最早的古典文学作品《
史记》，或历史著
作中有一定的记载。
According to the
Records of
the Grand Historian
, one of the most
famous features of
this garden was the
Wine Pool and Meat Forest
(
酒池肉林
). A large pool, big
enough
for several small boats, was
constructed on the Palace grounds, with inner
linings of
polished oval shaped stones
from the sea shores. The pool was then filled with
wine.
A small island was constructed in
the middle of the pool, where trees were planted,
which had skewers of roasted meat
hanging from their branches. Zhou and his friends
and concubines drifted in their boats,
drinking the wine with their hands and eating
the roasted meat from the trees. Later
Chinese philosophers and historians cited this
garden as an example of decadence and
bad taste
根据历史学家的记述，
有一个最著
名的特色酒园池和肉森林，也就是
---
酒池肉
林。它是建造在宫殿中，以海岸边
磨圆的石头累积起来的大水池，
其面积之大，
可以同时容纳几只小船！
然后在池
中注满酒，
池中央建起种植着树木的小岛，
再在树上
挂上肉串。
周王与大臣和妃
子们在酒池中划着船，
随手享用着酒和从树上垂下来的肉。
后世中国的哲学家和
历史学家以酒池肉林来比喻堕落和低级趣味。
During the Spring and Autumn Period
(722 B.C. to 481 B.C.), in the year 535 B.C.,
the
Terrace of
Shanghua
, with lavishly decorated
palaces, was built by King
Lingwang. In
505 B.C., an even more elaborate garden, the
Terrace of Gusu
, was
begun. It was located on the side of a
mountain, and included a series of terraces
connected by galleries, along with a
lake where boats in the form of blue dragons
navigated. From the highest terrace, a
view extended as far as Lake Tai, the Great
Lake
春秋时期
的楚灵王
(
公元前
722
年到公元前
481
年
),
在公元前
535
年
,
修建了装
饰豪华的章华宫，
又称细腰宫。
公元前
505
年
,
一座更精致的宫殿
,
姑苏台，
开始
修建。它坐落在山边
,
一串串与露台连接的画廊沿湖而建，从姑苏台的最高处望
去，可
以看到最大的湖
---
太湖。
The Legend of the Isle of the Immortals
传说中的长生岛
An
ancient Chinese legend played an important part in
early garden design. In the 4th
Century
B.C. a tale in the
Shan Hai
Jing
, or
Classic of
Mountains and Seas
, described
a peak called Mount Penglai located on
one of three islands at the eastern end of the
2
Bohai Sea,
between Japan and Korea, which was the home of the
Eight Immortals. On
this island were
palaces of gold and platinum, with jewels on the
trees. There was no
pain, no winter,
wine glasses and rice bowls were always full, and
fruits, when eaten,
granted eternal
life.
一个远古的传说在中国的园林设计中扮演着重要
的角色。公元前四世纪，在山
海经和蓬莱岛的故事中说道：
日本
和朝鲜之间的渤海东端，
有三个岛屿，
蓬莱山
< br>就坐落在其中的一个岛上。
在这个岛上住着八个仙人，
这
里有黄金的宫殿和火树
银花，在这里没有痛苦与寒冷，有吃不完的酒肉瓜果，并且吃了这
些食物，
,
会
长生不老。
In 221 B.C. Ying Zhen, the King
of Qin, conquered his rivals and unified China
into
an empire, which he ruled until
210 B.C.. He heard the legend of the islands and
sent
emissaries to find the islands and
bring back the elixir of immortal life, without
success. At his palace near his
capital, Xianyang, he created a garden with a
large lake
called
Lanchi
gong
or the
Lake of the
Orchids
. On an island in the lake he
created a
replica of Mount Penglai,
symbolizing his search for paradise. After his
death, his
empire fell in 206 B.C. and
his capital city and garden were completely
destroyed, but
the legend continued to
inspire Chinese gardens. Many gardens have a group
of
islands or a single island with an
artificial mountain representing the island of the
Eight immortals.
公元前
221
年，
秦始皇嬴政统一了
中国，
公元前
210
年，
他听到关于仙岛的传说，
于是派遣使者去寻找仙岛并带回不老仙丹，
失败后，
寻不到仙岛的他在首都咸阳
建造了一座
巨大的湖，
称为——兰池。
并在兰池上复制了蓬莱岛，
象征着寻找天
堂。他死后
,
他的首都和花园在公元前
206
年被彻底摧毁，但关于不老
仙岛的传
说继续启发着中国园林的设计。所以很多园林中都有一群或一个单一的小岛
,
岛
上修建着人造假山，以此来代表八仙的
不老之岛
。
Han Dynasty
(206 BC
–
220 AD)
汉朝
Under the new
Han Dynasty (206 BC
–
220
AD), a new imperial capital was built at
Changan, and Emperor Wu of Han built a
new imperial garden, which combined the
features of botanical and zoological
gardens, as well as the traditional hunting
grounds. Inspired by another version of
Chinese classic about the Isles of the
Immortals, called Liezi, he created a
large artificial lake, the
Lake of the
Supreme
Essence
, with three
artificial islands in the center representing the
three isles of the
Immortals. The park
was later destroyed, but its memory would continue
to inspire
Chinese garden design design
for centuries.
(
公元前
206
——公元
220
年
)
汉朝建立
,
一座新的都城在长安修建，
汉武帝修建了
一座新的皇家园林，
这是一座结合了植物和生态的传统狩猎园林。<
/p>
它的设计灵感
来源于另一个版本的关于不老仙岛的古典传说
,
称为列子。武帝建造了一个巨大
的人工湖<
/p>
,
湖心的三个人工岛屿代表了那不死的传说。
园林后来被毁了
,
但是它的
3
记忆仍旧在以后的几个世纪中不断的启发着中国的园林设计。
After the fall of the Han Dynasty, a
long period of political instability began in
China.
Buddhism was introduced into
China by the Emperor Mingdi (57-75 AD), and spread
rapidly. By 495, the city of Luoyang,
capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, had over
1,300 temples, mostly in the former
residences of believers. Each of the temples had
its own small garden
。汉帝国覆灭后，
中国迎来了一个长期混乱的时期，佛教在
这时传入中国并快速传播。直到
495
年，北魏都城洛阳共建造了
1300
座寺庙，
它们之中大部分是为了佛教信仰而建造，每一座寺庙都有它独立的
小园林。
During this period, many former
government officials left the court and built
gardens
where they could escape the
outside world and concentrate on nature and
literature.
One example was the
Jingu Yuan
, or
Garden of the Golden Valley
,
built by Shi Chong,
(249-300 AD), an
aristocrat and former court official, who in 296
completed a garden
ten kilometers
northeast of Luoyang. He invited thirty famous
poets to a banquet in
his garden, and
wrote about the event himself:
在这一时期，
很多前朝官员离开了朝廷并且建造了自己的花园，
他们希望这座花<
/p>
园可以隔开战乱的尘世，留给自己一片自然和谐的乐园。例如西晋富豪石崇
（
249-300AD
）修建的园林——金谷园，他还
是前朝的诗人和官员。
296
年他完
成
了洛阳东北十公里的花园，邀请了三十位著名诗人在他的花园里设宴
,
< br>并写了
一篇关于这一事件的文章。
Tang Dynasty
(618
–
907), First Golden Age
of the Classical Garden
唐朝（
6
18-907
）古典园林的第一个黄金时期
The Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) was
considered the first golden age of the classical
Chinese garden. The Emperor Xuanzong
built a magnificent imperial garden, the
Garden of the Majestic Clear Lake, near
Xian, and lived there with his famous
concubine, Yang Guifei, who ruled over
the palace and the Emperor
。
唐朝（
618-907AD
）被视为是
中国古典园林的第一个黄金时期。玄宗皇帝建造了
一座巨大的皇家园林，
它接近，
有着清澈的湖水。
玄宗与他的宠妃杨贵妃就住
在
这座宫殿里。
Painting
and poetry reached a level never seen before, and
new gardens, large and
small, filled
the capital city, Changan. The new gardens, were
inspired by classical
legends and
poems. There were shanchi yuan, gardens with
artificial mountains and
ponds,
inspired by the legend of the isles of immortals,
and shanting yuan, gardens
with
replicas of mountains and small viewing houses, or
pavilions. Even ordinary
residences had
tiny gardens in their courtyards, with terra-cotta
mountains and small
ponds
。
在这一时期，诗歌，绘画，都达到了以前从未到过的水平，新的大大小小的园林
填满了
整个都城——长安。
这些新的园林以诗歌和古典传说为灵感，
著
名的是以
4
仙岛传说为灵感而建造
人工岛屿的扇池园，和有着仿制的花园
,
山脉和小观看房
屋的山庭院。甚至在普通百姓的院子里也有陶制山水的小型园林。
These Chinese classical gardens, or
scholar's gardens (
wenren
yuan
), were inspired by,
and
in turn inspired, classical Chinese poetry and
painting. A notable example was the
Jante Valley Garden
of the
poet-painter and civil servant Wang Wei (701-761.)
He
bought the ruined villa of a poet,
located near the nouth of a river and a lake. He
created twenty small landscape scenes
within his garden, with names such as the
Garden of Magnolias, the Waving
Willows, the Kiosk in the Heart of the Bamboos,
the Spring of the Golden Powder, and
the View-House beside the Lake. He wrote a
poem for each scene in the garden and
commissioned a famous artist, to paint scenes
of the garden on the walls of his
villa. After retiring from the government, he
passed
his time taking boat trips on
the lake, playing the cithare and writing and
reciting
poetry
。
中国古典园林或文人园林之间与中国古典诗歌和绘画之间是相互影响的，
一个著
名的例子就是诗画家王维（
701-761
）的园林。他买了一个诗人荒废在河南面的
别院，在他的花园里种植
了二十种小景观，并起名为玉兰园，挥动的柳树，亭之
心竹子
,
春天的黄金粉
,
观湖屋。他为每个场景
都写了一首诗，请著名的艺术家写
在墙上。从朝廷请辞后，他以与渔夫闲聊，写书法，和
背诵诗歌度日。
During the Tang
Dynasty, plant cultivation was developed to an
advanced level, with
many plant species
being grown by means of plant introduction,
domestication,
transplantation, and
grafting.
[14]
The aesthetic
properties of plants were highlighted,
while numerous books on plant
classification and cultivation were
published.
[14]
The
capital, Shangan, was a very
cosmopolitan city, filled with diplomats,
merchants,
pilgrims, monks and
students, who carried descriptions of the gardens
all over Asia.
The economic prosperity
of the Tang Dynasty led to the increasing
construction of
classical gardens
across all of China.
在唐代，
植物栽培发展到了一种先进的水平，
很多物种通过移植，
嫁接等方法得
到了栽培，
有大量植物分类和培育的
书籍出版。
都城长安繁华异常，
充斥着各种
使节，商人，朝圣者，僧侣和学生，这些人带来了亚洲各国的园林艺术。唐朝繁
荣的
经济促使了整个国家古典园林艺术的发展。
The last
great garden of the Tang Dynasty was the
Hamlet of the Mountain of the
Serene Spring
(
Pingquan Shanzhuang
), built
east of the city of Luoyang by Li Deyu,
Grand Minister of the Empire. The
garden was vast, with over a hundred pavilions
and structures, but it was most famous
for its collection of exotic-shaped rocks and
plants, which he collected all over
China. Rocks of unusual shapes, known as Chinese
Scholars' Rocks, often selected to
portray the part of a mountain or mountain range
in
a garden scene, gradually became an
essential feature of the Chinese garden
唐代最后一座园林是清泉山庄。
它坐落于洛阳东部，
由帝国最
伟大的建筑师李德
裕建造。花园里面有一百多位亭阁和建筑
,<
/p>
但它最负盛名的是从全国各地搜集的
5
奇石和植物，
学者称这些形状奇异的石头为岩石，
它们在花园充当自然中的山脉，
这一特点被后世沿袭下来，成为了中国园林的
重要特征。
Song Dynasty
(960
–
1279)
There
were two periods of the Song Dynasty, northern and
southern, and both were
known for the
construction of famous gardens. The Emperor
Huizong of Song
(1082
–
1135) was
an accomplished painter of birds and flowers. A
scholar himself, he
integrated elements
of the scholar garden into his grand imperial
garden. His first
garden, called
The Basin of the Clarity of
Gold
, was an artificial lake surrounded
by
terraces and pavilions. The public
was invited into the garden in the spring for boat
races and spectacles on the lake. In
1117 he personally supervised the building of a
new garden. He had exotic plants and
picturesque rocks brought from around the
Empire for his garden, particularly the
prized rocks from Taihu. Some of the rocks
were so large that, in order to move
them by water on the grand canal, he had to
destroy all the bridges between
Hangzhou and Beijing. In the center of his garden
he
had constructed an artificial
mountain a hundred meters high, with cliffs and
ravines,
which he named
Genyue
, or
1122.
In 1127 the Emperior Huizong was forced to flee
when his capital city attacked
by the
armies of the Jin Dynasty When he returned, he
found his garden was
completely
destroyed, all the pavilions burned and the art
works looted. Only the
mountain
remained
宋朝（
960-1279
< br>）
宋朝分为两个时期，北宋和南宋，这两个时期都以园
林而闻名。宋徽宗
（
1082-1135
）是一位成功的花鸟画家。作为学者，他把文人园林加入到他巨大
的皇家园林之中。<
/p>
他的第一个园林是被称为金色盆地的巨大的人工湖，
在湖的四
周围绕着亭榭。春天时人们被请到湖上参加划船比赛和赏景。公元
1
117
年，宋
徽宗亲自督造了一座新的园林，
< br>并从全国各地搜罗各种奇异的植物和岩石来装饰
它，这之中包括珍贵的太湖石。有
些石头太大，无法从水路运输，徽宗便拆掉了
北京和杭州之间的所有桥梁。
在园林的中心处，
徽宗建造了一座高达百米并拥有
悬
崖峭壁的人工山，这座于
1122
年完工的园林被称为——艮岳
。公元
1127
年，
金兵进攻到都城时
徽宗逃跑，
当他再回来时，
艮岳已经被彻底毁掉了，
亭榭烧毁，
艺术品被洗劫一空，唯有那山仍在。
While the imperial gardens were the
best known, many smaller but equally
picturesque gardens were built in
Chinese cities such as
Luoyang
.
The
Garden of the
Monastery of the
Celestial Rulers
in Luoyang was famous
for its peonies; the entire
city came
when they were in bloom. The
Garden of
Multiple Springtimes
was famous
for its view of the mountains. The most
famous garden in Luoyang was the
The
Garden of Solitary Joy
(
Dule Yuan
), built by the
poet and historian
Sima
Guang
(1021
–
1086). His
garden had an area of eight
mu
, or about 1.5 hectares.
In the center
was the Pavilion of
Study, his library, with five thousand volumes. To
the north was
an artificial lake, with
a small island, with a picturesque fisherman's
hut. To the east
6
was a garden of medicinal herbs, and to
the west was an artificial mountain, with a
belevedere at the summit to view the
surrounding neighborhoods. Any passer-by
could visit the garden by paying a
small fee
宋的皇家园林远赴盛名，
但在都城洛阳，
有很多有同等价值的小园林。
其中最著
名的是由著名诗人、
史学家司马光
（
1
021-1086
）建造的算子园。这座园林占地
8
亩，约合
1.5
公顷，园的中心是他的书房。里面
的书籍多达
5000
册。北侧是人
工湖
和小人工岛，
在小岛上坐落着风景如画的渔夫小屋。
园的东侧种
植草药，
西
侧有人工假山，路过的人只要交一小笔费用就可以进
园观赏。
After the defeat of the
Emperor Huizong, the capital of the Song Dynasty
was moved
to Linan, in Jiangnan
Province. The city of Linan soon had more than
fifty gardens
built on the shore of the
Western Lake. The other city in the province
famous for its
gardens was Pigjiang
(present-day Suzhou), where many scholars,
government
officials and merchants
built residences with gardens. Some of these
gardens still
exist today, though most
been much altered over the centuries. The oldest
Suzhou
garden that can be seen today is
the Blue Wave Pavilion, built in 1044 by the Song
Dynasty poet Su Shunqing.
(1008
–
1048). In the Song
period it consisted of a hilltop
viewing pavilion. Other lakeside
pavilions were added, including a reverence hall,
a
recitation hall, and a special
pavilion for watching the fish. Over the centuries
it was
much modified, but still keeps
its essential plan.
徽宗皇帝失守后
，宋的都城迁到江南省的临安。一瞬间，西湖畔便建造了
50
多
座园林。
现在的苏州也因为园林而闻名于世。
< br>在这里，
很多学者官员建造了拥有
园林的庭院。
时代变迁，
但一些园林仍矗立在那儿。
苏州现存
最古老的园林——
沧浪亭是宋代诗人苏舜钦（
1008-104
8
）建造的。在宋朝，它是一个山顶观赏亭，
后来又在湖畔建造
了一些亭榭，
在过去的几个世纪里，
沧浪亭变化很大，
但仍然
保持着原有的重要设计。
In the city of Wuxing, on the edge of
Lake Taihu and at the foot of two mountains,
there were thirty-four gardens recorded
by the Song dynasty historian Zhou Mi
(1232
–
1308). The
two most famous gardens, the
Garden of
the North
(
Beiyuan
) and
the
Garden of the South
(
Nanyuan
), both belonged to
Shen Dehe, Grand Minister to
the
Emperor Shaoxing
(1131
–
1162). The Garden of
the South was a classic
mountain-and-
lake (shanshui) garden; it had a lake with an
Island of Immortality
(
Penglai dao
), on
which were three great boulders from Taihu. The
Garden of the
South was a water garden,
with five large lakes connected to Lake Taihu. A
terrace
gave visitors a view of the
lake and the mountains.
在无锡，在太湖湖畔和两座山脚下
有
34
座著名园林，它们由宋朝历史学家周明
< br>建造（
1232-1308
）其中两座著名的是园林是北
苑和南苑。主人是绍兴知府，伟
大的建筑师沈德河。
南苑是传统
的古典山水园林。
在岛上建造有蓬莱仙岛，
园南
侧是以太湖为水源的五个大湖。游人们可以通过湖上的台观赏山水的景色。
Yuan Dynasty
(1279
–
1368)
7
元朝（
1279-1368
）
1271
年，蒙古大汗忽必烈登基，
1279
年打败了宋朝最后的统
治者后，建立
了一个新的王朝——元。建都大都，也就是今天的北京。
1271 the Mongol ruler, Kublai Khan
declared himself Emperor of China. By 1279 he
annihilated the last resistance of the
Song Emperors, and reunited the Empire under
his new Yuan Dynasty. He established a
new capital on the site of present day Beijing,
called Dadu, the Great Capital.
The most famous garden of the Yuan
Dynasty was Kublai Khan's summer palace and
garden at Xanadu. The Venetian traveler
Marco Polo is believed to have visited
Xanadu in about
1275
。
忽必烈颐和园和元大都公
园式元代的著名园林，
据记载，
著名的旅行家马可波罗
曾于
1275
年到过这里。
This brief description later
inspired the poem Kubla Khan by the English
romantic
poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
英国浪漫主义诗人塞缪的一段简短的形容启发了忽必烈。
When he established his new capital at
Dadu, Kublai Khan he enlarged the artificial
lakes that had been created a century
earlier by the Jin Dynasty, and built up the
island of Oinghua, creating a striking
contrast between curving banks of the lake and
garden and the strict geometry of what
later became the Forbidden City of Beijing.
This contrast is still visible
today
。
当他在大都修建新都城
的时候，忽必烈扩大了几世纪前金人建造的人工湖的面
积。
并且
修建了人工岛。
蜿蜒的湖与花园之间对比呼应。
这种严格的形式
后来影
响了紫禁城的设计，这种对比在今天看来仍旧明显。
The Yuan Dynasty did not last long. In
1368 the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty,
Zhu Yuanzhang, marched his armies to
Dadu. The last Yuan Emperor fled, and Zhu
Yuanzhang burned down the Yuan
palaces.
元朝持续的时间很多，明朝开国皇帝朱元
璋与
1368
年攻入了大都，元帝逃跑，
朱元璋烧毁了这座园林。
Ming Dynasty
(1368
–
1644)
明朝（
1368-1644
）
The Humble Administrator's Garden
拙政园
8
The most famous existing garden from
the Ming Dynasty is the Humble
Administrator's Garden in Suzhou. It
was built during the reign of the Emperor
Zhengde
(1506
–
1521) by Wang
Xianchen, a minor government administrator who
retired from government service and
devoted himself to his garden. The garden has
been much altered since it was built,
but the central part has survived; a large pond
full of lotus blossoms, surrounded by
structures and pavilions designed as viewpoints
of the lake and gardens. The park has
an island, The Fragrant Isle, shaped like a boat.
It also makes good use of the principle
of the
拙政园是明朝现存最著名的园林，
它坐落在苏州，
明代大臣王献臣于正德年间修
建（
1506-1521
），王献臣从朝廷辞官后把自己的身心都献
给了这座园林。拙政
园从修建至今已有很大变化，
但核心部分保
留了下来。
在这里，
巨大的池塘满载
着
盛放的芙蓉，
湖边和花园被各种以观赏为目的的亭榭包围着。
园
中有形似船型
的香岛，这些设计都以借景为原则
Covering
51,950
sq.m,the
Humble
Administrator's
Garden
is
the
largest
of
all
classical
gardens in Suzhou .It is centered upon the broad
expanse of a lake
。
,making
up about one fifth of the total area.
With well spaced buildings,the garden landscape
and
water
scape
are
simple,extensive
and
natural,possessing
the
traditional
appearances of the Ming is divided
into three parts;the eastern,middle the
western parts. The house lies in the
south of the garden.
占地
51
，
950
平方米的拙政园是苏州最大的古典园
林，
以占总面积五分之一的宽
广湖面为中心，与相隔适宜的建筑
构成了园子陆上风景与水景简单的、延展的、
自然的风格，具有明代的传统特征。拙政园
分为东、中、西三部分。房子位于园
子南部。
The middle part is the cream of the
garden
with marvelous
mountains ,clear
water ,exquisite
buildings and exuberant trees and flower
reminiscent of the scenery
in the south
of the Lower Yangtze .
中部独特的山、清澈的水、精致的建
筑、繁茂的树和花构成了园林的精华部分，
让人不禁想起江南美景。
Lying here and there to the south of
the lake are garden buildings and
courts in
cluster. On an
east-west axis
there's
the
Hall
of
Drifting Fragrance
in the middle,
flanked by
the Loquat Garden Court, the
Malus
Micromalus Makina court,
the
Poeny Pavilion ,the Listening to
the Sound of Rain Pavilion, the small canglang,“A
Pure Mind Thinks Deep”,and the Magnolia
from the lake are the east and
west
hills made from a mixture of earth and rocks,and
covered with Prunus
Mume Pavilion and
the Orange Pavilion stand atop of the hills.
湖南部错落着建筑和院子，在东西轴中间是远香堂，侧面是枇杷园，海棠春坞，
牡丹亭和听雨轩，小沧浪，玉兰堂，从湖中升起东西走向的土和岩石混合的山，
上面
长满了树，雪香云蔚亭和待霜亭屹立山顶。
9