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Unit 5 What were you doing when the
rainstorm came?
词汇精讲
1. miss
miss
作动词,意
为“想念,思念”
。例如:
I
’
ll miss you
when you go to Canada.
你到了加拿大以后,我一定会想你。
【拓展】
(1)
miss
作动词还有“未击中,未抓住”的意思。例如:
I
tried to hit the ball but I missed.
我努力地想击中球,但却未成功。
(2) miss
还可意为“未赶上,错过”
< br>,是动词。例如:
I missed the football match
on TV last night.
我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。
(3) miss
与
like;
mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop;
can
’
t help; give up
等词一样后接动词
的
-ing
形式
。例如:
I don’t want to
miss seeing that film on television
tonight.
我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。
2. suddenly
suddenly
< br>作副词,意为“突然,忽然”
,在句中多修饰动词或句子,做状语。例如:
I suddenly remembered that I
didn
’
t bring my key.
我突然想起来我没有带钥匙。
It all happened so suddenly.
一切都发生得那么突然。
3. either
(1) either
< br>作副词,意为“也不”
,用在否定句中。例如:
He can
’
t play the
violin. I can
’
t, either.
他不会拉小提琴,我也不会。
(2) either
pron.
(两者中)任意一个。例如:
There are many
trees on either side of the street.
在街道的每一边都有很多树。
(3) either
…
or
…
为连词短语,
连接两个相同的句子成分,
p>
意为
“要么??要么??;
或者??
或者??;不是??就是??”
。例如:
He
either stays at home or visits friends on the
weekend.
在周末,他要么待在家里,要么拜访朋友。
They will come either tomorrow or the
day after tomorrow.
他们不是明天来,就是后天来。
【注意】
either
…
or
…
连接两个主语时,
谓语动词的形式与紧靠谓语的那个主语的形式保持一致,
即遵<
/p>
循就近原则。例如:
Either I
or he is on duty today.
今天不是我值日,就是他值日。
4.
light
(
1
)
< br>light
作不可数名词,意为“光;光亮;光线”
。例
如:
The sun gives out light
and heat.
太阳发出光和热。
He read the letter by the light of the
candle.
他在烛光下读那封信。
(
2
)
light
作可数名词,意为“电灯;光源”
。例如
;
Don
’
t cross the
road when the traffic lights are red.
当交通灯是红色时,不要横穿马路。
p>
(
3
)
light
作形容词,意为“轻的;浅色的”
。例如:
Is the box heavy or light?
那箱子是重还是轻?
I like
the light green dress.
我喜欢哪件浅绿色的裙子。
(
4
)
light
作动
词,意为“点燃;照亮”
。例如:
He sat down and lit a cigarette.
他坐下来,点了一支烟。
5. beat
beat
是及物动词,有以下用法:
(1)
意为“赢;打败;战胜”<
/p>
,后接人或某一团队、组织等,其过去式为
beat
。例如:
I beat him at long
jump yesterday.
昨天跳远我赢了他。
(2)
意为“打;击”
,表示连续不断的打击。例如:
Who is beating the drum?
谁在打鼓?
(3)
表示“
(心脏)等跳动”
p>
。例如:
I
feel my heart is beating fast.
我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
bea
t
和
win
都有“赢”的意思,但用法
不同:
beat
的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、
组织;
而
win
的宾语为比赛或某个项目,
过去式为
< br>won
。
例如:
Though we were weak, we
beat them.
虽然我们弱,但我们赢了他们。
Who won the first prize in
the competition?
谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖?
6.
against
against
是介词,其用法如下:
(1)
反对,违反。对应的反义词
为
for
,常用于
be
against sb. / sth.
反对某人
/
某事
例如:
Are most people
against having a part-time job?
大多数人反对做兼职工作吗?
(2)
和??交战(指竞争、比赛等)
。例如:
We
’
ll have a
basketball match against the team from No. 2
Middle School next week.
下星期我们将于二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。
(3)
碰、撞、擦。例如:
Rain beats against the
window.
雨打在窗户上。
(4)
倚着、靠着。例如:
There was a ladder propped
up(
支撑
) against the
wall.
一把梯子靠着墙。
(5)
防备,抗??。例如:
She
saved money against old age.
她攒钱防老。
(6)
逆着??。例如:
We
are sailing against the wind.
我们(的船)正逆风航行。
(7)
衬托,相映,对照。例如:
Red flags stand out brightly against
the blue sky.
红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。
7. try
try
作动词,意为“
尝试,努力”
。主要用法如下:
(
1
)
t
ry to do sth.
意为
“设法去做某事,尽量去做某事”
,其否定形式为
try
not to do sth.
。
例如:
Try not to be
late again.
尽量别再迟到了。
Try to
get here in two hours.
尽量在两小时之内到达。
(
2
)
try
doing sth.
意为“试着做某事”
,强调尝试做某事
。例如:
You should try eating
more vegetables.
你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。
(
3
)
try
one
’
s best to do sth.
意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”
。例如:
We should try our best to finish the
work on time.
我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
8. hard/hardly
hardly
和
hard
形式上很接近,但意义截然不同。
(
1
)
hard
作形容词时,意为“困难的;硬的;勤奋的;严厉的;苛刻的”
p>
。
hard
作副
词时常用来表示程度,意为“努力地;猛烈地;剧烈地”
。例如:
I work hard at school.
我在学校努力学习。
This
ground is too hard to dig.
这块地太硬,挖不动。
They
tried hard to succeed.
他们努力工作,以求得成功。
【拓展】
work hard at
…
意为“努力于??”
。例如:
He is working hard
at English.
他正在努力学习英语。
(
2
)
hardly
p>
是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”
,相当于
almost not
,并非
hard
的
副词形式。例如:
There is hardly any coffee left.
= There’s almost no coffee left.
几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
词汇精练
I.
英汉短语互译。
1
.沉默;无声
________
2
.
remember to do
________
3
.首先;最初
________
4
.
have fun doing
sth
.
________
5
.感觉;好像
________
6
.
on the
playground ________
7
.
(
闹钟
)
发出响声
_______ 8
.
report
sth
.
to
sb
.
________
9
.逐渐变弱、消失
________
10
.
fall asleep _____________
II.
根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
1
.
Maybe there
will be a thunder ________
(
暴
风雨
)
.
2
.
My mind _______
_
(
突然
)
switched back to my conversation with
Jeremy
.
3
.
The smoker
tossed away the lighted ________
(
火柴
)
and so caused a
fire
.
4
.
I
can
’
t read while you are
standing in my ________
(
光线
p>
)
.
5
.
It was _______<
/p>
(
报道
)
that there was going to be a football
match
.
6
.
The farm is
about 50 or 60 square kilometers in the ________
p>
(
地区
)
.
7
.
You
should fly your kite a ________ the
wind
.
8
.
It rained so __
______
(
大
)
< br> last night that the lake is full of water now
.
9
.
John was very
tired
.
He soon fell a
________
.
10
.
I just want to
b________ this bad guy
.
III.
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1
.
I guess from
his red eyes that he has been working too _____
(hard) recently
.
2
.
Please remember
_______
(
clean
)
the room after
work
.
3
.
Wish you have
fun _______
(
learn
)
English this
term
.
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