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习语的译法(
1
)
<
/p>
总的说来,英语习语的译法大致可分为直译、直译加注法、套译、意译、直译加意译、意<
/p>
译加注
6
种。
*
直译
直译不仅能再现原文的意义和语言形式,还能保持其生动形象
的比喻和新颖独特的表
达手法,
让读
者体会原习语的风采,同时丰富汉语表达形式。象
条条大路通罗
马
、
特
洛伊木马
等就是通过直译进入汉语语言并成为
汉语语言的一部分的。一般说来,英语习语
如在形、义上与汉语习语全同或是基本相同的
常可采用直译,原习语中的比喻或形象能为
汉语读者所接受的有时也可以采用直译。例如
:
to
be armed to the teeth
武装到牙齿(该典故出自从前南美的北
海岸的海盗,他们
除了两手都持武器外,在牙齿间还要咬一把刀。
)
Time is money.
时间就是金钱(比
一寸光阴一寸金
流行)<
/p>
to
shed crocodile tears
掉鳄鱼眼泪
as cold as ice
冰冷
to trim the
sail to the wind
看风使帆
Too many cooks
spoil the broth.
厨子多了煮坏汤。
Blood is
thicker than water.
血浓于水。
*
直译加注法
有些习语直译后,
仍不能把原意清楚准确地表达出来,
就可采用直译加注释法。
例如:
a bull in a
china shop
公牛闯进瓷器店──肆意捣乱
to shed
crocodile tears
流鳄鱼眼泪──假慈悲
People
considered that what he had played on that
occasion was no more than
a Judas kiss.
人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻──居心险恶。
The favors of
Government are like the box of Pandora, with this
important
difference; that they rarely
leave hope at bottom.
政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,
后患无穷,主要不同之处是:盒底很少留有希望。
The best fish
swim
(
are
)
near the bottom.
好鱼居水底——有价值的东西不能轻
易得到。
Fish begins to stink at the
end.
鱼要腐烂头先烂——上梁不正下梁歪。
If two ride on
a horse, one must ride behind.
两人骑一匹马,总有
一人坐在后面
——两人参加的事只能一人为主。
The apples on
the other side of the wall are the sweetest.
隔墙的苹果最甜——
这山看着那山高。
Don't forget to
cross your t's.
写时不要忘记
t
上面那一横——一言一行都不要马
虎草率。
*
套译
套译就是借用汉语成语来翻译。由于文化背景不同,原文的形
象有时不符合中国习俗,
如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解,或原文的形象引起另一种联想,
从而影响到原文意思的准
确传达,这时大多可以采用套译。英汉习语形异义似时,有时可
采用这种译法。例如:
Better be the head of a dog than the
tail of a lion.
宁为鸡首,不为牛后。
Some prefer
turnips and others pears.
萝卜白菜,各有所爱。
(比译为
有人喜欢萝
卜
,有人喜欢梨
更能为中国读者所理解和接受。
< br>
)
as lean as a rail
骨瘦如柴
(如
直译为
瘦得像个横杆
,则不符合中国人习惯。
)
clean hand
两袖清风
It was by no
means a bed of rose.
这决不是安乐窝。
He cries wine and sells
vinegar.
挂羊头,卖狗肉。
as pale
(
or
white
)
as
ashes
(
or sheet or
death
)
面如土色
as red as rose
艳如桃李
as clear as daylight
洞若观火
All shall be well, Jack shall have
Jill.
有情人终成眷属。
He robs Peter to pay Paul.
拆东墙补西墙。
Diamonds cut Diamonds.
棋逢对手,将遇良才。
Pay on the spot and borrow
a lot; pay slow and you'll get no
dough.
好借好还,
再借不难。
习语的译法(
2
)
意译
<
/p>
当直译原文结果会令人为费解或造成误解时,如使用套译的结果不理想,还可以采用
意译。例如:
Look at the chaps in politics and
business, whose whole lives were passed in
skating on thin ice, and getting
knighted for it.
试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙
们,
他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的,可是都因此封了爵。
(
to
skate
on
thin
ice
若直译为
如履薄冰
,则会产生谨
慎从事的联想,
有违原意。
)
to come like a
dog at a whistle
一呼即来
Hilter was once
as proud as a peacock.
希特勒曾是一个不可一世的家伙。
Mary and her mother are as
like as two peas.
玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。
(而不
是
像两颗豌豆一样相似
p>
)
例如:
She likes to rubber-neck.
她爱问长问短。
start a hare
话离本题
to bring down the house
全场喝彩
plain sailing
一帆风顺
to show one's clean heels
逃之夭夭
to go on a wild goose chase
枉费心机
as greedy as a wolf
贪得无厌
Every bean has its black.
人皆有短处。
*
直译加意译
这种译法既能保持原文的比喻形象,
同时又能明白清楚地表达寓意。例如:
laugh off one's
head
笑掉了牙
break the
earth
破土动工
wash off one's
hands
洗手不干
There is no rose without a
thorn.
玫瑰皆有刺,乐中必有苦。
(比意译的
世上没有
十全十美的幸福。
简洁形象。
)
Every flow has
its ebb.
潮有涨落日,
人有盛衰时。
A rolling stone gathers no
moss.
滚石不生苔
,
转业不聚财。
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