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一、时态和语态
1.
如何解答时态问题
例
1
Yo
u
’
ve
already
missed
too
many
classes
this
term.
You
______
just
last week.
A. missed B. would miss
C. had missed D. have missed
例
2
Anne asked Tom
______ the key.
A. when he
left B. where he had left C. how he left
D. why did he left
考试重点
2.
与完成时
有关的时态
★现在完成时
(have
done) since, for/ in the past few
months, up to
now
例
1
Collecting
toy cars as a hobby
becomes
increasingly
popular during
the past
fifty years.
A
B C D
例
2
English ______
in a new way at my college in the past
few years.
A.
has been taught B. was being taught
C. has been taught D.
had been taught.
★过去完成时
(had done)
例
3
Anne asked Tom
______ the key.
A. when he
left B. where he had left C. how he left
D. why did he left
例
4
The
chemistry
class_____
for
five
minutes
when
we
hurried
there.
A. had
been on B. had begun C. has been on
D. would began
★将来完成时
(will have done) by
例
5
We<
/p>
’
re late I expect the
film_____ by the time we get
to the
cinema.
A. had already
started B. have already
C. will already have started D. have
already been started.
★现在完成进行时
(have been doing)
例
6
It
seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some
time.
We'll have
to take the machine apart to put it
right.
A. had leaked B. is
leaking C. leaked D. has
been leaking
★过去完成进行时
(had been doing)
★
将来完成进行时
(will have been doing
)
例
7
By
the
time
you
arrive
this
evening,
_______for
two
hours.
A. I will study B. I will have been
studied
C. I had studied
D. I will have been studying.
3.
在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态
▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时
例
1
When
the
mixture_____,
it
will
give
off
a
powerful
force.
A. will
heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has
heated
例
2
please
be
sure
to
telephone
me
the
next
time
you
______.
A. will
come B. would come C. shall come D. come
▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时
例
3
Smith
is
to
study
medicine
as
soon
as
he_______
military
service.
A. will finish B. has
finished C. finish D.
would finish
注意
例
4
until
he or she______ them.
A. tries B. will try
C. are trying D. have tried
4.
考试小窍门
◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项
说来是正确答
案。
No
one
can
be
sure if
the
car
on
display fits
him
or
her
要重点加以研读
一般
二、情态动词
1.
几个情态动词的否定式的含义
can
’
t
may not
mustn
’
t
need
’
t
2.
表示推测的几个情态动词用法
★
must
表示肯定的推测
意思是“一定”
+do
对现在情况的推测
must
+have done
对过去情况的推测
例
1
I
________
asleep in the
corner, for
I
remember nothing
of what
happened during the
night
A. might fall B. must
fall C. must have fallen
D. can have fallen
★
ca
n
’
t/could
’
t
表示否定的推测
意思是“不可能”
< br>
+do
对现在情况的推测
can
’
t
/couldn
’
t
+have done
对过去情况的推测
★
may/might not
表示
可能性很小的推测
意思是“也许?”
+do
对现在情况的推测
may/might
+have done
对过去情况的推测
3.
情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法
needn
’
t have done
should have done
should not have done
ought to have done
could have done
4.
考试小窍门
在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下
般说来情态动
一
词加完成时是正确答案。
×
Must do
√
Must have done
三、虚拟语气
考试重点
1.
条件句中的虚拟语气
例
I
would
ask
George
to
lend
us
the
money
if
I
______
him.
A. had known B. have known
C. knew D. would
know
例
If a better material
______, the strength of the part
would
have
been increased.
A. had been used B. had
been using C. being used
D. using
条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点
如果条件句中有
were,
had,
should
时
三个单词
提前
形成倒装。
例
3
可以把
if
省略
然后把这
_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have
suffered such
a heavy loss in his business.
A. If he took B. if he
should take
C. Were he to
take D. Had he taken
含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用
三级考试中经常出现的三个句型
But
for/without
?
??
??
,
otherwise/or
?
??
,
but/though
?
.
例
But for your help, I _____
the work in time.
A. did not finish B.
could not finish
A. will
not finish D. would not have finished
例
Without electricity, human
life _____ quite different
today.
A. is B. will be C. would
have been D. would
be
例
He was very
busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the
meeting.
A.
would have come B. would come C. could come D.
had
come
例
We would have
made a lot of money, but we
halfway
A.
gave up B. had given up give up D. were to
give up
错综时间条件句
例
night.
If I were you, I would not
have missed the film last
2. (should
)+
动词原形在某些从句中的应用
(1)
当宾语从句从的谓语是
sugg
est, request, insist, desire ,
demand,
propose, order, command, ar
range
等动词时
,
如
:
例
I
suggested that we should go there on foot.
注意
:
当<
/p>
insist
表示坚持认为之意时
, <
/p>
不用虚拟语气
,
用陈述语气
.
如
:
例
(
The man
insisted that he had never stolen the money
2)
It
is
ordered/desired/decided/r
equested/strange/important/natural
/
等后的主语从句中
例
It
is
desired
that
we
should
get
everything
ready
tonight
( 3)
advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal,
suggestion,
request
< br>等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中
.
如
:
例
My
suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this
evening
3.
wish
后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气
4. if only
引导的感叹句中
5. as if/as
though
引导的状语从句中
6. would
rather
后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式
7. it is (high) time that
?
.
句型中
,
从句的谓语动词用过去式
四、非谓语动词
1.
不定式
不定式的逻辑主语
例
例
例
The road is
wild enough for cars to pass by.
It is important for you to work hard.
It is kind of you to help
me.
不定式的时态和语态
例
The
magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred
years ago.
A. to be built B. to have been built
C. to have built D. to have being
built
使用不带
to
的不定式
1)why not
do
表示委婉的建议
例
Why
not_____Professor
Li
for
help
He
is
kind-hearted
and
willing
to help.
A.
ask B. you ask C. to ask D. your asking
2)
使役动词
have,
make,
let
的后面接不定式做
宾语补足语时
to
的不定
式。
例
other
用省
The teacher has the
students _____ a composition every
week.
A. to
write B. written C. writing D. write
例
While he was
climbing the high mountain, he had his
leg_____
A.
broke B. break C. broken D. breaking
例
There
was so
much noise that
the speaker
couldn
’
t make
himself_____
A. hearing B. being told C. to hear
D. heard
3)
表示生理感觉的动词如
see,
watch, notice, observe,
hear
后面
接不定式做
宾语补足语时
用省
to
的
不定式。
例
With
tears
on
her
face,
the
old
lady
watched
the
little
boy_____
to a hospital.
A. send B. to be sent C. being sent D. sending
4)do something but/except
do
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