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一
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Several animal species including
gorillas (
大猩猩
) in Rwanda and
tigers in
Bangladesh
could
risk
extinction
if
impact
of
climate
change
and
extreme
weather
on
their
homes is not handled, a UN report showed on
Sunday.
Released
during
the
course
of
global
climate
negotiations
in
Durban,
the
report
by the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organisation (UNFAO) shows
how higher
temperatures,
the
rise
in
sea
levels,
deforestation
and
overuse
of
land
have
damaged
the
habitats
of
certain
species,
espec
ially
in
Africa.
“Many
ecosystems
have
already
been
affected
by
increasing
population,
historical
and
recent
deforestation,
short?lasting management practices and
even invasive species，” Eduardo Rojas,
assistant director general at the
UNFAO's forestry department, said at the release
of the report.
The
most
affected
areas
include
mountains,
islands
and
coastal
areas,
which
limit
the possibilities for
animals to move elsewhere and create new habitats.
“The
remaining
populations
are
limited
to
very
small
ecosystems.
They
have
inbreeding
(
近
亲繁殖
)
problems, and at the end these species may
disappear
，” he added.
Other
examples
of
affected
animals
include
elephants
in
Mali,
lions
in
Serengeti
and
crocodiles in Malawi. The report says about
20
～
30 percent of plant and
animal
species
will
be
at
higher
risk
of
extinction
due
to
global
warming
and
a
significant
number of local species may disappear
by 2050 as a consequence. Other consequences
could include the spread of invasive
species and infectious diseases, it said.
The report urges more focus on
restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially
those
key
to
dealing
with
climate
change
such
as
inland
waters,
forests
and
grasslands.
The
UNFAO
also
called
for
the
creation
of
movement
channels
for
animals
in
areas
where
their
movement
was
affected.
The
organization
said
while
more
resources
(
资源
)
were
flowing
to
biodiversity
conservation,
more
action
at
the
government
and
policy
level
was
needed.
It
also
urges
local
communities
to
develop
projects
that
ease
the
effect
of climat
e
change on wildlife, naming eco?tourism activities
as an example.
1. What does
the author tell us in Paragraph 2?
A.
The theme of global climate negotiations in
Durban.
B
．
The
subject of research done by Eduardo Rojas.
C
．
Harmful effects
of damage done to ecosystems.
D
．
Causes of
damage done to ecosystems.
2.
Why
are
animals
living
in
mountains,
islands
and
coastal
areas
most
affected?
A.
They are frequently attacked by invasive species
and infectious diseases.
B
．
They have
difficulty finding enough food for survival.
C
．
They have
little chance of moving to other places.
D
．
They can hardly
find mates to produce their young.
3.
To avoid extinction of some animal species, the
UNFAO suggested all the
following ways
EXCEPT ________.
A. restoring damaged
ecosystems
B
．
limiting world
population growth
C
．
creating
movement channels for animals
1
D
．
urging
governments and local communities to take action
4. What would serve as the best title
for the passage?
A. Climate change and
eco?tourism
B
．
Human
activities and the animal kingdom
C
．
Gorillas,
tigers at risk due to climate change
D
．
How to balance
human development and animal rights
(
二
)
Death Valley, one of America's great
national parks, is a place of strange and
silent
beauty.
As
beautiful
as
this
place
is,
its
name
provides
evidence
of
very
real
danger.
Death
Valley is
a
land of
beautiful yet
dangerous
extremes.
There
are
mountains that reach more than 3,000
meters into the sky. There is a place called
Badwater that is the lowest area of
land in the Western Hemisphere. If there were
water there, it would be 86 meters
below the level of the ocean.
Death
Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter
months. Storms in the
mountains
can
produce
sudden
flooding
on
the
floor
of
the
Valley.
The
air
temperature
during the
summer ha
s been as high as 57℃. The sun
can heat the ground so that the
temperature of the rocks and soil can
be as high as 74℃. The extreme heat of Death
Valley
has
killed
people
in
the
past.
It
will
continue
to
kill
those
who
do
not
honor
this
extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive
those who are not careful.
Death Valley
is a good example of the violence of nature. It
contains evidence
of several ancient
volcanoes that caused huge explosions. Evidence of
one of these
explosions is called
Ubehebe Crater. The explosion left a huge hole in
the ground
almost a kilometer and a
half wide.
In
many
areas
of
Death
Valley
it
is
easy
to
see
where
the
ground
has
been
pushed
up violently by movement deep in the
Earth. This movement has created unusual and
beautiful
rock
formations.
Some
are
red.
Others
are
dark
brown,
gray,
yellow
or
black.
Other areas of rock
look as if some huge creature violently broke and
twisted the
Earth to create unusual,
sometimes frightening shapes.
In
other
parts
of
Death
Valley
there
are
lines
in
the
rock
that
show
clearly
that
this area was deep
under an ocean for many thousands of years. Much
of the Valley
is
flat
and
extremely
dry.
In
fact,
scientists
believe
it
is
the
driest
place
in
the
United States.
Death Valley, part of the Great Mojave
Desert, is a huge place. It extends more
than 225 kilometers across the southern
part of California, and across the border
with Nevada.
1
．
Which of the
following statements is TRUE according to the
passage?
A
．
The
water in Badwater is 86 meters below the level of
the ocean.
B
．
The
highest air temperature of Death Valley in summer
can reach as high as
74℃.
C
．
The ground has
been pushed up violently by explosions of
volcanoes.
D
．
There might
have been marine lives living in Death Valley.
2
．
Why were some
people killed by Death Valley?
A
．
Because they
didn't respect Death Valley and thus they were
punished.
B
．
Because it is
extremely hot in summer and dangerously cold in
winter.
2
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