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Spring Festival
1.
Tale of Nian
We call the Spring Festival Nian, but
did you know that Nian was once the name
of a terrible, scary monster? A long
time ago, the monster Nian lived in the mountains.
It looked like an ugly dragon, and got
angry easily.
Nian ate animals. But in
winter, it could not find food. So it came to many
villages
and ate people. People were so
afraid of Nian that they locked their doors before
evening came during the winter.
One day, an old man came to a village.
He told people there that Nian was afraid
of three
things
—
red color, fire and
noise. He told people to play drums and gongs
(
铜
锣
), make big
fires and set off fireworks
(
放鞭炮
) to make Nian go away.
On a moonless, cold night, Nian went to
the village again. As soon as it opened its
big mouth, people made loud noises and
made fires. Nian was really afraid and ran
away. Wher-
ever it went,
there was noise and fire. When Nian was tired and
could not
run anymore, people killed
the monster.
After that, on the coldest
day of winter, people beat drums and gongs, and
set off
fire
?
works to
celebrate the death of the monster of Nian. They
put up red lanterns
(
灯
笼
) and have a
big dinner without sleeping during the night, and
greet each other
happily in the next
morning.
2.
Brief
Introduction of Spring Festival
The
Spring Festival is the most important festival for
the Chinese people and is
when all
family members get together, just like Christmas
in the West. All people
living away
from home go back, becoming the busiest time for
transportation systems
of about half a
month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway
stations and long-
distance bus stations
are crowded with home returnees.
The
Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st
lunar month. Strictly speaking,
the
Spring Festival starts every year in the early
days of the 12th lunar month and will
last till the mid 1st lunar month of
the next year. Of them, the most important days
are
Spring Festival Eve and the first
three days. The Chinese government now stipulates
people have seven days off for the
Chinese Lunar New Year.
3.
Preliminary Customs
Many
customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are
still followed today, but
others have
weakened.
On the 8th day of the 12th
lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a
delicious kind of porridge made with
rice
,
glutinous
rice
(糯米)
,
millet
(小米)
,
coix
seed
(薏仁)
, jujube
berries
(枣泥)
, lotus
seeds(
莲子
), beans,
longan
(桂
圆)
and
gingko
(白果)
.
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The 23rd day
of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve.
At this time,
people offer sacrifice to
the kitchen god. Now however, most families make
delicious
food to enjoy themselves.
After the Preliminary Eve, people begin
preparing for the coming New Year. This
is called
Store owners are
busy then as everybody goes out to purchase
necessities for the
New Year. Materials
not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken,
duck, fish and
meat, but also fruit,
candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various
decorations, new
clothes and shoes for
the children as well as gifts for the elderly,
friends and relatives,
are all on the
list of purchasing.
Before the New Year
comes, the people completely clean the indoors and
outdoors of their homes as well as
their clothes, bedclothes and all their
utensils
(器
具)
.
Then people begin decorating their
clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of
rejoicing
(喜悦)
and
festivity
(欢庆)
. All the door
panels will be pasted with
Spring
Festival couplets
(春联)
,
highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black
characters on red paper. The content
varies from house owners' wishes for a bright
future to good luck for the New Year.
Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth
will be posted on front doors to ward
off evil spirits and welcome peace and
abundance
(富足)
.
The Chinese character
character put on paper can be pasted
normally or upside down, for in Chinese the
(谐音)
with
lanterns can be raised on both sides of
the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen
on window glass and brightly colored
New Year paintings with
auspicious
(吉利
的)
meanings may be put on the wall.
People
attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At
that time, all family
members eat
dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than
usual. Dishes such as
chicken, fish and
bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese,
their pronunciations,
respectively
(吉利)
, abundance and
richness. After the dinner, the whole
family will sit together, chatting and watching
TV. In recent years, the Spring
Festival party broadcast on China Central
Television
Station (CCTV) is essential
entertainment for the Chinese both at home and
abroad.
According to custom, each
family will stay up to see the New Year in.
4.
New
Year
’
Customs
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