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考研英语历年真题逐句翻译
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第一段
Americans no
longer expect public figures, whether in speech or
in writing, to
command the English
language with skill and gift.
Nor do
they aspire to such command themselves.
In his latest book, Doing Our Own
Thing: The Degradation of language and Music
and Why We Should Like,Care,John
McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of
mixed liberal and conservative
views,sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as
responsible for the decline of formal
English.
翻译译文:
无论
在演讲还是在写作上,美国人都不再期望公众人物在英语语言的使用上展现出
技能与天赋
;而公众人物自身也不渴求有这种语言驾驭能力。约翰
·
麦荷特
——
不仅
是语言学家,而且是一位混杂
着自由派与保守派观点的善辩者
——
在其新书《做我
们自己的事:语言和音乐的退化,以及为什么我们应该,呃,在意》中认为,
20
世
纪
60
年代反文化运动的胜利是导致正式英语衰落的主要原因。
第二段
Blaming the
permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not
yet another criticism
against the
decline in education.
Mr. McWhorter’s
academic speciality is language history and
change,and he sees
the gradual
disappearance of “whom”,for example,
to
be natural and no more
regrettable than
the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
翻译译文:
责怪纵容放任的
20
世纪
60
年代并不
新鲜,
但这次却不是对教育退步的又一场批判。
麦荷特先生的学
术专长是语言的历史与变迁。举例来说,
他认为
“whom”
一词的逐
渐消失是自然的,和古英语中
词格尾缀的消失一样根本没什么可遗憾的。
第三段
But the cult
of the authentic and the personal,
“doing our own thing”, has spelt the
death of formal speech, writing, poetry
and music.
While even the modestly
educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen
to
paper before the 1960s, even the
most well regarded writing since then has
sought to capture spoken English on the
page.
Equally, in poetry, the highly
personal, performative genre is the only form that
could claim real liveliness.
In both oral and written English,
talkingis triumphing over speaking, spontaneity
over craft.
翻译译文:
然而,对真实和个性的狂热推崇,即
“
做我们自己的事
”
,已经招致了正式的演讲、
< br>写作、诗歌及音乐的消亡。在
20
世纪
< br>60
年代以前,就算是受教育不太多的人在下
笔时都会寻
求一种高格调;而在那之后,即使是最受好评的文章也力求在书面上体
现口语化。同样,
在诗歌方面,极具个性化与表现力的风格是唯一能够体现真实生
动的形式。无论是在口语
还是书面语中,随意言谈胜过了正式讲话,即兴发挥也胜
过了精雕细琢。
第四段
Illustrated with an entertaining array
of examples from both high and low culture,
the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents
is unmistakable.
But it is less clear,
to take the question of his subtitle, why we
should, like, care.
As a linguist, he
acknowledges that all varieties of human language,
including
non-standard ones like Black
English, can be powerfully
expressive
—
there exists
no language or dialect in the world
that cannot convey complex ideas.
He is
not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer
think straight because we do
not talk
proper.
翻译译文:
麦荷特
先生从雅俗文化中列举了大量有趣的例子,从而说明他所记录的趋势是确凿
无疑的。但就
书中副标题提出的问题
“
为什么我们应该,呃,在意
”
,答案却不够明
确。作为语言学家,麦荷特承认
人类各种各样的语言,包括像黑人英语这样的非标
准语言,都具有强大的表达力
――
世上没有传达不了复杂思想的语言或方言。与其
他大多数人不同,
麦荷特先生并没有坚持认为
“
我们说话方式不规范就会让我们无法
准确地思考
”
第五段
Russians have a deep love for their own
language and carry large chunks of
memorized poetry in their heads, while
Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech
that would seem old-fashioned to most
English-speakers.
Mr. McWhorter
acknowledges that formal language is not strictly
necessary, and
proposes no radical
education reforms
—
he is
really grieving over the loss of
something beautiful more than useful.
We now take our English “on paper
plates instead of china”.
A
shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
翻译译文:
俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言
,他们的脑海中深印着大段大段的诗歌;而意大利的政客
们则往往精心准备演讲,尽管这
在大多数讲英语的人们看来已经过时了。麦荷特先
生承认正式语言并非绝对的不可或缺,
他也没有提议要进行彻底的教育改革
——
他
其实只是为那些美好多过实用的事物的消逝而哀叹。我们现在用
“
< br>纸盘
”
而非
“
< br>瓷盘
”
盛着我们的英语大餐。这或许令人遗憾,但也许又
是不可避免的。
试卷习题
36. According to McWhorter, the decline
of formal English______.
[A] is
inevitable in radical education reforms
[B] is but all too natural in language
development
[C] has caused the
controversy over the counter-culture
[D] brought about changes in public
attitudes in the 1960s
答案解析:
[
定位
]
第二
段句指出,
McWhorter
认为
类似
whom
这种词语的逐渐消失是自然的,
< br>
和古英语的格的消失一样,完全不必惋惜,也就是说,他认为正式英语的衰落完
全
是自然现象,
[B]
正确。
[
解密
]
正确项
[B]
是对第二段句的同义复述,
but
all too natural in language
development(all too
表
< br>“
实在太
……”)
对应文中
to be
natural
,
同时与
no more
regret
table(
完全不遗憾
)
的感情色彩一致。
[A]
把第二段句
the decline in educatio
n
与文章末段句
McWhorter
观
点
“formal
language...proposes
no radical reforms”
相糅杂,
但文中并没提及
“
激进的教育改革
'
必然引发
‘
正式语衰落<
/p>
””
这一内容。
[C]
、
[D]
颠倒了原文中的因果,
其中
[C] has
caused...over the counter-culture
将
“
围绕
1960
年代反文化运动的争议
”
作为结果;
[D] brought about...in the 1960s
将
“1960
年代公众态度变化
”
作为结果。
[
总结
]
以现象开篇的文章,
往往涉及
“
现象原因、
他人对事件的看法、
作者本人看法
”
等,解题时应先分析题干,辨明考
点:若考查因果关系,则需关注
“
因果相关词
< br>”
,
明确
“
孰因孰果
”
;若考查人物观点,则需关注
< br>“
观点标志词
”
。此外,由于开
篇内容与
全文论述中心紧密相连,还可借下文辅助解答。常见干扰方式:因果倒置;混淆
作
者与文中人物观点;包含部分正确信息,但添加状语或修饰词扭曲内容。
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