金融专业英语名词

Financial Markets

Financial market

金融市场

: A financial market is a market in which people and entities can trade

financial securities, commodities and other fungible items of value at low transaction costs and at

prices that reflects supply and demand.

International

financial

market

国际金融市场

:

A

financial

market

that

involves

participants

all

over the world.(

查不到自己编的，请慎重考虑

)

Direct financing

直接融资

: An investor purchases the securities issued by ultimate borrowers (i.e.

without intermediaries).

Indirect

financing

间接融资

:

Indirect

financing

is

where

borrowers

borrow

funds

from

the

financial market through indirect means, such as through a financial intermediary.

Money market

货币市场

: Money market is a component of financial market for assets involved in

short-term borrowing, lending, buying and selling with ORIGINAL maturities of one year or less.

Capital market

资本市场

: Capital market provides for the buying and selling of long- term(over 1

year) debts or equity- backed securities.

Foreign exchange market (or currency market)

外汇市场

: Foreign exchange market deals with the

exchanges of different means of payment.

Primary market

一级市场

: A primary market is a market in which new issues of a security (like a

bond or a stock), are sold to initial buyers by the corporation or government agency borrowing

the funds.

Secondary market

二级市场

: A secondary market is where is where the sale of previously issued

securities takes place.

Exchange

market

交易所市场

:

It

is

a

highly

organized

market

where

tradable

securities,

commodities, foreign exchanges, futures and option contracts are sold and bought.

OTC market

柜台市场

: over-the-counter market. A decentralized market of securities not listed

on

an

exchange

where

market

participants

trade

over

the

telephone,

facsimile

or

electronic

network instead of a physical trading floor.

Technical

analysis

技术分析

:

It

is

the

art

of

deducing

probable

future

trend

from

historical

records of stock trading. (the study of the stock market itself rather than external factors)

Fundamental analysis

基本面分析或基础分析

: It examines all relevant factors affecting the stock

price in order to determine an intrinsic value for that stock.

The

top-down

approach

or

Economy-Industry- Company(EIC)

model

自上而下法

a

country which could offer the investors better returns from other economies;2)select promising

industries and companies in this country.

The bottom-up or stock picking approach

自下而上法

: It is to find undervalued stocks regardless

of the market and industry factors.

Capital Market

Bond

债券

: Bonds are securities that represent a debt owed by the issuer to the investor. They

obligate the issuer to pay a specified amount at a given date.

Government

notes

and

bonds(Treasury

bonds)

国库券

:

They

are

issued

to

finance

the

national

debt. Difference: notes have a original maturity of 1year to 10 years while bonds have a original

maturity of 10-30 years. Note that they are free of default risk.

Corporate

bonds

公司债券

:

Large

corporations

issue

bonds

in

order

to

borrow

funds

for

long

periods of time. The bond indenture is a contract that states the lender

’

s rights and privileges

and the the borrower

’

s obligations.

Stock

股票

: Shares of stock in the firm represent ownership.

Outstanding stock

流通股

: The shares of a corporation

’

s stock that have been issued and are in

the hands of the public.

Mortgage loan

抵押贷款

: A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property.

Foreign Exchange Market

Exchange rate

汇率

: The ratio of two different currencies.

Bills of exchange

票据

: They are financial documents that require the individual or business that

is addressed in the document to pay a specified amount of money on a date that is cited in the

document.

Demand draft

即期汇票

: It is a check created by a merchant with a buyer

’

s checking account

number on it, but without the buyer

’

s original signature.

Bankers draft

银行汇票

: It is a check where the funds are taken directly from financial institutions

rather than the individual drawer

’

s account.

Foreign bond

外国债务

: A bond issued in a domestic market by a foreign entity, in the domestic

market

’

s currency.

Dividend check

股利支票

: A share of profits in the form of checks received by a stockholder.

（查

不到自己编的，请慎重考虑）

Pension check

养老金支票

: A sum of money in the form of checks paid regularly as a retirement

benefit or by way of patrona ge.(

查不到自己编的，请慎重考虑。另外，

pension

没有年金的意

思，年金是

annuit y)

Travelers

’

check

旅行支票

: It is a preprinted, fixed-amount check designed to allow the person

signing it to make an unconditional payment to someone else as a result of having paid the issuer

for that privilege.

Direct quotation method

直接报价法

: The rates are quoted in terms of variable number of home

currency per fixed foreign currency unit.

Indirect

quotation

method

间接报价法

:

The

rates

are

quoted

in

terms

of

variable

number

of

foreign currency per fixed home currency unit.

Convertible

currency

自由兑换货币

:

The

holder

of

a

convertible

currency

can

change

it

freely

into another currency.

Spot

rate

即期汇率

:

The

price

that

is

quoted

for

immediate

settlement

on

a

commodity,

a

security or a currency .

Forward

rate

远期汇率

:

A

rate

applicable

to

a

financial

transaction

that

will

take

place

in

the

future.

Cross rate

交叉汇率

: The exchange rate between two currencies expressed as the ratio of two

foreign exchange rates that are both expressed in terms of a third currency.

Financial Instruments

Financial instruments

金融工具

: A financial instrument is a tradable asset of any kind; either cash,

evidence of an ownership interest in an entity, or a contractual right to receive or deliver cash or

another financial instrument.

Debt instruments

债务工具

: They are contractual agreements by the borrower to pay the holder

of the instruments fixed amount at regular intervals until the maturity date.

Equities

权益工具

: They are claim to share in the net income and assets of a business.

Cash

i nstruments

直接金融工具

:

Cash

instruments

are

financial

instruments

whose

value

is

determined directly by the markets.

Derivative instruments

衍生工具

: They are financial instruments which derive their value from

the

value

and

characteristics

of

one

or

more

underlying

entities

such

as

an

asset,

index,

or

interest rate.

Maturity

date

到期日

:

The

maturity

of

the

debt

instrument

is

the

time

to

the

instrument

’

s

expiration date.

Short-term debt

短期债务

: Its maturity is less than a year.

Long-term debt

长期债务

: Its maturity is ten year or longer.

Intermediate-term debt

中期债务

: Its maturity is between one and ten years.

Common stock

普通股

: Its holders will have the ownership of the corporation

’

s profit and the

interest

produced

by

its

assets,

the

right

to

vote

for

its

board

of

directors

and

the

right

asset

distribution in case of its bankruptcy.

Preferred

stock

优先股

:

Its

holders

will

have

the

right

to

get

a

portion

of

dividends

before

its

distribution to all Common Stock holders, but they have no right to vote or veto for the board of

directors.

Dividends

股利

: It is the portion of corporate profits paid out to stockholders.

Capital gain

资本利得

: A capital gain is a profit that results from a disposition of a capital asset.

Forward contract

远期合同

: An agreement to buy or sell an asset at a certain date at a certain

price.

Forward price

远期价格

: The agreed upon price of the underlying asset in a forward contract.

Futures

期货

: Futures are standardized forward transactions which are traded on exchanges, i.e.

not OTC.

Swaps

掉期互换

:

It

contains

two

simultaneous

inseparable

contract-deals,

the

first

for

spot

delivery, and the second for future delivery.

Option

期权

: A contract in which the writer promises that the contract buyer has the right, but

not the obligation, to buy or sell a certain security at a certain price (the strike price) on or before

a certain expiration date.

Foreign

exchange

option

外汇期权

:

It

gives

the

owner

the

right

but

not

the

obligation

to

exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange

rate on a specified date.

European

option

contract

欧式期权

:

An

option

contract

that

may

only

be

exercised

on

the

expiration date.

American option

美式期权

: An option contract that may be exercised at any time on or before

the expiration date.

Call

Option

看涨期权（买入

):

The

right

to

buy

a

certain

amount

of

a

currency

at

a

fixed

rate

(strike price) at a pre-arranged expiry date

Put Option

看跌期权

（卖出

): The right to sell a certain amount of a currency at a fixed rate (strike

price) at a pre-arranged expiry date.

Financial Institutions

Financial

institution(financial

intermediation/

financial

intermediary)

金

融

机

构

:

Financial

institution is an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members.