-
Text Book
Title
《高级英语》由张汉熙主编
,
外语教学与研究出版社
Lesson14
Argentina Bay
Teaching Aims
1.
Improving Reading Skills----
figuring
out personal point of view
2. Enriching Vocabulary---
enlarging vocabulary
cultivating students’ sense of word
building
understanding that
synonyms have fine shades
3.
Improving Writing skills ---
making
effective use of specific verbs
grasping the skill of comment writing
Vocabulary
Text
Analysis
Teaching
Activities
Discussion
Practice
I .Warming up
II
．
Introduction
to Additional Background Knowledge
III. Text Analysis
1.
Introduction
to the Passage
2.
Effective Writing Skills
3.
Rhetorical
Devices
4.
Special Difficulties
IV. Questions
Assignment
Comment on the
different attitudes of President Roosevelt, of
Congress and
of
the
American
people
towards
the
war
when
Hitler
had
invaded
the
Soviet Union.
1 hour
4 hours
3 hours
2 hours
Teaching
Process
1
Reference
Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Longman
Dictionary of Contemporary English
A
Handbook of Writing
English
Rhetoric & Writing
Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary of Current Eng
lish
《英语修辞大全》
A Guide
to Advanced English
Britannia
Encyclopedia
附页
Text Book
《高级英语》由张汉熙主编
,
外语教学与研究出版社
Title
Lesson14
Argentina Bay
Warming-up Activities
Elicit some information
about Roosevelt and Churchill.
附页
Text Book
《高级英语》由张汉熙主编
,
外语教学与研究出版社
Title
Lesson14
Argentina Bay
Additional Background
Information
About the
author
(Herman
Wouk)
American novelist.
After graduation from Columbia University, he
became
a radio scriptwriter. During
World War II he served in the United States
Navy and began his first novel during
off-duty hours at sea. His novels
include
the Caine
Mutiny
(1951), a Pulitzer Prize novel of
events aboard a
naval vessel,
the Winds of wa
r(1971) and
war and Remembrance
(1977)
2
Argentia Bay
Better known as Placentia Bay, with
inlet of Atlantic Ocean, Se
Newfoundland, Canada. Here on the
British battleship
Prince of Wales
the
Atlantic Charter was
signed on Aug.14, 1941 by President Roosevelt and
British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill.
A statement of principles
formulated in World War II by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Winston Churchill. The Charter,
announced publicly on Aug.14, 1941,
resulted from a series of conferences
(August 9-12) between the two leaders
aboard the U.S.S. Augusta off
Newfoundland. The Atlantic Charter was
employed as a propaganda
weapon against
the axis powers during World War II.
The Atlantic
Charter
附页
Text Book
《高级英语》由张汉熙主编
,
外语教学与研究出版社
Title
Lesson14
Argentina Bay
Teaching Activities
(Vocabulary)
In enriching
students’ vocabu
lary, focuses are to be
on the following aspects:
Spelling and
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Opposites
Similar words and
expressions
Cultivate students’
sensitiveness to world
-building
附页
3
Text Book
《高级英语》由张汉熙主编
,
外语教学与研究出版社
Title
Lesson14
Argentina Bay
Teaching Activities
(Discussion)
Special
difficulties
1.
2.
3.
4.
paraphrasing
some sentences
translating
some sentences
understanding some specific terms
the skill of comment
writing
Questions
1.
What was
Hopkins’
estimate
of
the
situation
on
the
Eastern
front?
What
did the Soviet
Union need most? What was Hopkins’ stand on
the problem of assistance to the Soviet
Union?
2.
Why
did
Burne-
Wilke
invite
Henry
into
his
cabin?
What
was
the
request from the British? How was the
request put to Henry?
3.
What was
Britain’s
immedia
te
need?
Why
did
the author
consider
this need pathetic?
4.
Why did the part about free trade and
independence for all peoples
mean the
end of the British Empire?
… …
附页
Text Book
《高级英语》由张汉熙主编
,
外语教学与研究出版社
Title
Lesson14
Argentina Bay
Teaching Activities (Text
Analysis 1 )
Introduction to the Passage
1.
type of
literature: narration
2.
the story narrates the Roosevelt-
Churchill
conference in August 1941.
Understandably, it was
held in the
utmost secrecy; and it was not given to
anybody but the top few to know what
was going on
inside the conference
room.
3.
method
of writing a narration: arrange the events in
4
time order
Rhetorical Devices
1.
2.
3.
4.
sarcasm
synecdoche
alliteration
metonymy
Effective Writing Skills
附页
1.
making
effective use of specific verbs
2.
grasping the
skill of comment writing
Text Book
《高级英语》由张汉熙主编
,
外语教学与研究出版社
Title
Lesson14
Argentina Bay
Teaching Activities (Text
Analysis 2 English Version)
Section I
Argentia Bay
1. Gray peace
... Argentia Bay:
1) Argentia Bay was
surrounded by a vast expanse of wild uninhabited
land where there was
no human activity.
The whole place looked gray and it was very quiet
there.
2) pervade: to spread through, saturate
or permeate every part of it.
3) wilderness:
desolate expanse, waste, uninhabited land
4)
ring: Here it means to make a ring round or
surround.
e.g. Ring the
spelling mistakes with red ink.
Police ringed the building.
an
old house ringed (about) with trees
5) gray peace:
The figure of speech used here is a transferred
epithet.
the landscape is transferred
to
2. to await the arrival of Winston
Churchill:
can
be followed by a gerund but not an infinitive.
Compare:
I shall await hearing from you.
I shall wait to
hear from you.
3. Haze ... a tint of
green:
1) haze: light thin mist or
smoke
2) tint of green: shade or
slight degree of green color (esp. pale or
delicate)
5
3)
blend: go well together; cause to mix together
e.g. How well their voices
blend!
Those two colors blend
well.
A blends with B.
4) Thin smoke and mist mixed making
everything look gray.
4. Sailors and
officers
…
loudspeaker
squawks:
1) go about: move from place to place,
or be in the habit of doing sth.
2) chores: any
daily or routine tasks (unpleasant, uninteresting
or difficult); a daily necessary
job,
esp. in a house or on a farm
3) amid =
amidst: among, in the middle of
4) piping: the
sound of a boatswain's whistle
5) squawk: loud
harsh sound
6)
Sailors
and
officers
were
carrying
on
their
routine
duties
with
whistling
and
loudspeaker
noises in the
background. (It gives a vivid description of the
orderly peaceful life of the
American
sailors, which stands sharply in contrast to the
life on the war-battered British
warships. )
5. But a
primeval hush ... normal ships noises:
1)
a primeval hush: like the silence in very ancient
times when the world was first created
2)
lie:
lie idle: money lying idle
in the bank
lie
thick: The snow lay thick on the ground.
lie low: The
escaped prisoners had to lie low for months.
lie open: The
book lay open on the table.
3)
With the routine chores going on, some noise could
be heard on the ships in the Bay, but
beyond that (but outside the range of
the noise) it was all tranquility.
Note
the
author's
description
of
Argentia
Bay:
peace
pervaded/ringed
by
wilderness/a
primeval
hush
outside
the
range
of
the
ships'
noises.
The
author
took
great
pains
to
describe
the
peace and
hush of the Bay to prepare the readers for the
coming of a big
event, just like the
momentary silence before a thunder storm.
6. At nine
o
’
clock ... like snakeskin:
1) steamed into view: (ships driven by
the power of steam) move rapidly into view
2) swirls: twists and curls
3)
At
nine
o'clock,
three
destroyers
came
rapidly
in
sight,
immediately
followed
by
a
camouflaged battleship painted in
snakeskin-colored twists and curls.
7.
bigger than ... that had hit the Bismarck:
1) in sight: able to be seen
2) bigger than any other ship present,
carrying the guns that had helped sink the
Bismarck
By mentioning
majestic-looking, but also battle
proven.
8. As it steamed past . ..
1)
the Augusta: the American cruiser
2) shattered
the hush: broke the silence
3) Quiet fell:
Quiet came upon (the place).
e.g. Dusk had fallen heavily over the
scene.
A leaden silence fell over the hall.
6
4) quarter-deck: part of
the highest level of a ship, used only by officers
5)
strike up: to begin to play
Note:
Salutes at sea originally
took two forms, the firing of guns and the
striking of topsails,
the
latter
when
within
the
territorial
waters
of
the
warship
being
saluted.
Navies
have
a
variety
of
salutes
for
officers
of
rank
and
ships
of
foreign
nations,
varying
between
gun
salutes, guards and
bands,guards without bands, bugle calls, and
piping the side, according to
rank
and
circumstances.
Here
the
playing
of
the
national
anthem
was
not
a
welcoming
ceremony. It was a
mutual salute since the two
heads of states were on board the ships.
9. Pug Henry... Summer Welles:
1) Pug Henry:
Victor
Pug Henry,
a
navy
captain
and
presidential
aide. He
is
in
a
way
the
narrator
of this story, and the hero of the book The Winds
of War.
2) awning: movable covering, esp. one
made of canvas, used to protect shop windows,
ship
decks, etc, from sun or
rain
3) rigged: to supply (esp.
a person or ship) with necessary things (ropes,
sails, etc. ), here, to
set up hastily
or, as a makeshift
4) august:
causing feelings of great respect; noble and
grand; venerable for reasons of age or
high rank.
10. Churchill was
plain to see
...
gesturing with a big cigar:
1) Churchill
could be seen clearly since he was only five
hundred yards away
2)
odd blue costume: Actually Churchill was wearing a
Navy uniform but here the author
uses
3)
gesturing
with
a
big
cigar:
movement
of
the
hand
holding
a
cigar
to
convey
friendly
feeling
11. The president towered over
everybody....
resembled
him:
1)
tower over: much taller than
2)
stiff
on braced
legs'
Roosevelt
was
stiff
on
braced
legs.
That
is, he
had
to
wear
steel
braces on his legs,
because an attack of polio in 1921 had paralyzed
him from the waist.
3) brace: to make stronger (sth, used
for supporting, stiffening, or fastening, e.g. His
weak
back was heavily braced. )
4) clutching: taking hold
of with the hand, usually with some force
5)
strongly
resembled
him:
looked
very
much
like
him
e.g.
She
resembles
her
sister
in
appearance but not in character, cf..
look like; take
after sb.
6) Air Corps:
Corps is pronounced [ka:].
12.
Roosevelt's large pink face was self-consciously
grave:
Roosevelt put
on a grave expression because the band was playing
the national anthem and
he knew he was
wearing a grave expression.
13. The
President’s
face relaxed:
The President's expression became less stiff.
14.
British national anthem,
with
the
tune
of
Save
the
King'.
)
When
the
ban
played
the
British
anthem,
FDR
humorously
took
it
for
This
is
where
the
joke
lies.
Actually,
some
American
patriots claim the tune was American in
origin, and was appropriated by the British.
15. boatswains' pipes: boatswains'
['bousn] whistle; silver whistle used in giving
orders to the crew
7
of
a
ship,
cf.
amid
pipings
and
loud-speaker
squawks
the
dress
parade:
requiring
or
permitting formal dress,
a dress affair, a dress dinner
Section
2 Harry Hopkins
1. beckon: to make a
silent sign, as with the finger, to call (someone
)
e.g. She beckoned me to
follow her.
He stood
waiting until the policeman beckoned him on.
I'd like to stay--but work
beckons, you know]
2. put yourself at
Mr. Harry Hopkins's service:
1)
put: to cause (a person or animal) to be busy; set
to some kind of regular arrangement or
work
2) at one's
service: ready to serve or cooperate with one;
ready to obey orders or be used
3)
Do whatever Mr. Harry Hopkins might ask you to do.
3. desire: (formal) to wish or want
very much
4. expedite: (formal) to
perform quickly and efficiently
Here we have
the first of the personalities whom the author
took great pains to describe.
Note
the
words
and
expressions
used:
,
put
yourself
at
Hopkins's
service
,
rank
and very aloof.
5. Aye aye, sir: Aye is
a nautical term, meaning yes.
6.
Passing from the Augusta to the Prince of
Wales
…
Victor Henry went
from America to England
and from peace
to war: The author has employed a few metaphors
here to bring out the com-
plete change of atmosphere. The Augusta
is an American cruiser and at that time the United
States nominally was not at war with
Hitler while the Prince of Wales was a British
battleship
and
Britain had been fighting
against Hitler
’
s Germany for
over a year. Hence the statement
7. It was a shocking jump:
This refers to the crossing from the Augusta to
the Prince of Wales,
from peace to war.
8.
King's
spick-
and-span
flagship
belonged
to
a
different
world
than
the
storm-whipped
British
vessel:
1) spick-and-
span: short for spick-and-span-new, meaning neat
and clean, very neat or smart
and new
2) flagship: the ship that carries the
commander of a fleet and displays his flag.
Compared
with the British vessel which
had gone through many a battle and weathered the
storm, the
Augusta
which
was
new
and
clean
and
which
carried
King
seemed
to
be
from
another
world. Henry wanted to show that the
contrast between the two ships was such that they
seemed to be from entirely different
worlds.
9. the accommodation ladder was
salt-crusted:
1)
accommodation
ladder:
a
ladder
or
stairway
hung
over
a
ship's
side,
usually
at
the
gangway
2)
There was a hard layer of salt on the surface of
the accommodation ladder, showing that it
had been through a long sea-voyage.
10. the camouflage paint was peeling:
cf. Section I camouflaged
in swirls of color like snakeskin
1) peel: to come off in layers of
flakes, as old paint
8
2) The paint which was used
in painting the camouflage was coming off.
11. even the main battery guns looked
pitted ad rusty:
1)
pit: mark with small scars
2)
rusty: coated with rust, as a result of exposure
to air moisture
3)
Why is the word
battleship so it was
most surprising that there was rust on these guns.
12. scupper: an opening in a ship's
side to allow water to run off the deck
13. droves of blue jackets were doing
an animated scrub-down:
1)
drove: a moving crowd of people
2) blue jacket: an enlisted man in the
U.S. or British navy
3)
animated:
lively,
gay;
the
word
is
applied
to
that
which
is
made
alive
or
bright
and
suggests a spirited quality (e. g. an
animated face, discussion)
4)
scrub: to remove (dirt etc. ) by brushing or
rubbing
5) A group of
British navy men were cleaning the deck in a
spirited way.
6)
The
figure
of
speech
used
here
is
a
transferred
epithet.
The
blue
jackets
and
not
the
scrub-down were
animated.
14. on the superstructure ...
sticking plaster for wounds from the Bismarck' s
salvos:
1)
superstructure: that part of a ship, esp. of a
warship, above the main deck
2) raw: imperfectly prepared; lacking
normal or usual finish
3)
here and there: in, at or to various places or
points
4) sticking
plaster: adhesive material for covering a slight
wound, usually a thin cloth
gummed on one side
5)
salvo:
simultaneous
discharge
of
artillery
or
other
firearms,
especially
as
salute,
or
in
sea-fight
6)
At places on the part above the main deck there
were new welds. These were damages
caused
by
the
gunfire
of
the
German
battleship
Bismarck.
The
welds
looked
like
sticking
plaster put to new wounds.
The author is comparing the steel patches
to sticking plasters
and
the damages on the ship to wounds of the human
body. A
metaphor.
15.
16.
Quartermaster:
a
nautical
term,
meaning
a
petty
officer
or
mate
who
attends
to
the
ship's
compass, navigation, signals etc.
17. passageway: a narrow corridor for
passage
fittings: the
fixtures, furnishings or decorations of a house,
office, automobile, etc.
18.
there: an interjection,
calling the attention of someone
19.
meantime Hopkins had travelled to London and
Moscow in a blaze of worldwide newspaper
attention:
1)
Hopkins flew to London in late July and arranged
with Churchill the date and rendezvous
of the conference between Roosevelt and
Churchill. Then he took a British flying boat
to Moscow to hold talks with Stalin.
2)
in
a
blaze
of
worldwide
newspaper
attention:
His
visits
to
London
and
Moscow
were
widely covered by newspapers all over
the world.
20. Am I riding over with
you?: Am I to take, be barge and go over to the
Augusta with you?
9
21. off the
wardroom: next to the wardroom; not attached to
the wardroom
22. in one he carefully
placed...; in the other he threw ... as they came
to hand: Note the contrast
between
....
1) He
was
very
careful,
very
meticulous
about
official
papers
but
very
careless
about his
own things. This throws light on the
character of Hopkins.
2)
come to hand: to be found without one's having to
make a special search
23.
a
bent
figure
with
a
gray
double-
breasted
suit
flapping
loosely
on
him:
This
shows
that
Hopkins was very thin and the suit was
loose on him.
24.
He's
having
the
time
of
his
life:
He's
having
a
rare
experience
of
pleasure
in
his
life;
he's
having
the
best
time
of
his
life.
time
of
one's
life:
(colloquial)
an
experience
of
great
pleasure
for one
25. Churchill's like
a boy going on his first date:
1) date: an appointment for a set time,
esp, one for a social engagement with a person of
the
opposite sex
2) Churchill was very anxious to meet
Roosevelt. The anxiety was similar to that one had
when one was going to meet a girl
friend for the first time. Churchill's mood (state
of
mind) was that of a boy going on his
first date with a girl.
26. at that:
(colloquial)all things considered
27.
Will they hold?: Will they be able to fight on?
28. it'll be a near thing: They will
barely manage to carry on the fight.
near thing: a
narrow escape; something achieved only by a narrow
margin
29. When you
fly from Archangel to Moscow: Here
30.
Hitler's bitten off a big bite this time: This
time Hitler has attacked a country too big for him
to
conquer, or to put it idiomatically,
he has bitten-off more than he can chew.
31. He was struggling with the clasps
on his suitcase, and Pug gave him a hand: He was
trying
hard to lock his suitcase and
Pug helped him.
1)
clasp: a fastening, as a hook, buckle, or catch,
to hold two things or parts together
2) give (one) a hand: help or assist
one
e.g. After the party several students
offered to give a hand with the cleaning-up.
Could you give me a hand
with these books?
I've got all these figures to check..
Could someone give me a hand?
32. the
stern rose high on a swell, then dropped away from
under him: A wave raised the tail of the
barge high and when the wave subsided,
the tail of the barge dropped down suddenly.
33. coxswain: ['kaksn] a petty officer
or other person in charge of a ship's boat and
acting as its
steersman
34.
Hopkins staggered inside, settling with a sigh on
the cushions:
Hopkins walked
unsteadily inside and was greatly relieved when he
sat down on the seat.
35.
That
nearly
ended
my
mission
right
there:
When
he
boarded
the
plane,
he
fell.
If
he
were
seriously hurt, he could not have gone
on to Moscow and that would have been the end of
his
mission.
36. at the
flawlessly appointed barge:
appointed: furnished and arranged, now
usually in well-appointed
37. you might
bear in mind what our friends will be after: you'd
better make a mental note of what
10
the British will be
trying to get
you might: =
request you to
after: in
pursuit or quest of
38. Hopkins held
out one wasted hand and' ticked off points on
skeletal
fingers: Hopkins extended one of his weak and
feeble hands and used his thin bony
(stretched out) fingers to count the
things the British wanted to have.
1) hold out: to put forward; reach out;
extend; offer
2) wasted:
,weak and feeble
3)
tick off: to check off (an item in a list etc. )
with a tick
39. they'll press for an
immediate declaration of war on Germany:
1) press: to urge or
request earnestly or persistently
2) they'll persistently urge us to
declare war on Germany
40.
it
softens
the
ground
for
the
second
demand:
It
will
make
it
difficult
for
the
Americans
to
reject their second demand.
soften : to weaken the resistance or
opposition of
41. Their empire is
mighty rickety at this point: Their empire is very
weak in that area (in Asia).
The
British do not have the naval strength or the
necessary manpower to defend its colonies
in Asia.
42. They hope such
a warning will shore it up:
shore
up:
to
add
support
to
(something)
where,
weakness
is
shown;
make
(something)
stronger where
support is needed
43. if Hitler pokes
down there; if Hitler strikes there
poke: (slang) making trouble down there
in the Middle East
44. the British will
try for an understanding: the British will try to
reach an agreement
45. bomb the hell
out of Germany: bomb Germany heavily
46. The Russians have taken a
shellacking so far:
1)
shellback: (slang) to defeat decisively; to defeat
or thrash soundly
2) The Russians have
suffered decisive defeat so far.
47.
Then
this
conference
is
almost
pointless:
Then
there
isn't
much
sense
in
holding
this
conference.
48.
That's
achievement
enough
for
now:
The
holding
of
the
conference
itself
is
a
great
achievement at
present.
49.
Hopkins
gave
Victor
Henry
a
sad
smile:
Hopkins
meant
that
this
was
all
the
United
States
could do at present,
that the United States could only go thus far at
present and he was sorry
about that.
50. He pulled himself to his feet in
the rocking boat: He managed to stand up in the
rocking boat.
51. this is the changing
of the guard:
The
phrase,
the
changing
of
the
guard
comes
from
the
changing
of
the
guard
outside
Buckingham Palace. The Queen's guard is
changed every morning at 11:30 and the ceremony
lasts for about half an hour. The new
guard enters the palace courtyard at exactly
11:30. The
band
then
starts
to
play
the
tune
of
the
regiment's
slow
march,
and
the
new
guard
advances
slowly to-
wards the old guard. The captain of the
old guard hands the key of Buckingham
Palace, and also St. James's Palace, to
the captain of the new guard. The new sentries are
then
marched off to
relieve the old
sentries. The old sentries get down from their
horses, and the
11
new
ones
take up
their
posts.
While
this
is
happening, the
band
plays
regimental
music,
and
perhaps also some tunes from the latest
shows. After the guard has been changed, the old
guard
leaves the courtyard and marches
away.
Here Hopkins was hinting that a
transfer of power from London to Washington was
taking
place.
Britain
was
no
longer
the
Number
One
power
of
the
democracies.
The
United
States was taking over this
position.
52. Note the characterization
of Hopkins. Informal and familiar:
Pug
couldn't
be bothered about personal things;
thin, bent, his suit flapping loosely on him; view
on aid to
Russia, etc.
Section 3 Churchill calls
1.
which saw the dramatic handshake of Roosevelt and
Churchill at the gangway:
1) gangway: a
passageway or opening on a ship
2)
which saw the dramatic handshake:
cf.
1976 saw the downfall of the
The
turn of the century found the country united.
1848 witnessed another revolutionary
upsurge in Europe.
All these have
a time noun as the subject.
3)
It
was
dramatic
because
this
was
the
first
time
the
two
leaders
met
each
other.
The
conference
itself, under the circumstances, was dramatic
enough.
2. They prolong.., smiling
words: The two leaders made their handshake last
longer than usual to
give
photographers
time
to
take
pictures.
At
the
same
time
they
smiled
and
greeted
each
other.
3. In an
odd…
each other:
1)
When
they
met
face
to
face,
the
two
leaders
made
each other
look
smaller,
figuratively
speaking.
...
made
each
other
less
imposing
in
stature
or
in
importance.
2) diminish:
making or becoming perceptibly smaller by removal.
The word stresses the idea
of
removing
part
of
something
so
that
there
is
a
manifest
and
sometimes
progressive
lessening, but not to the point of
total disappearance. The word may suggest either
the loss
of something valuable or a
lessening of that which is undesirable.
Examples:
His illness
diminished his strength.
As people approach old age their energy
may diminish.
As
his confidence in his work increased, his
anxieties about it diminished.
4.
Roosevelt stood a full head taller: a full head
taller
5. he was pathetically braced on
lifeless leg frames:
1)
pathetically: sadly, pitifully
2)
brace: to equip or support with devices for
supporting a weak or deformed part of the body
3) frame: basic or skeletal structure
around which a thing is built and that gives the
thing its
shape
4) He managed
to stand only with the help of the leg frames.
This was a pitiful sight.
6.
his full trousers drooped and flapping:
1 ) full: wide
12
2) His wide trousers hung
downward and were too big for his thin legs.
7.
a
bent
Pickwick
in
blue
uniform:
a
bent,
fat,
benevolent,
old
gentleman
in
navy
uniform.
Pickwick is used here as an
antonomasia, the use of a proper name to designate
a member of a
class:
as a Solomon for a wise
ruler
8. a trace of deference ...:
1)
deference:
giving
way
to
the
wishes,
accepting the
opinions
or
judgments
of
another or
others; yielding
in opinion, judgment, wishes; courteous regard or
respect
2)
Yet
there
was ...
Prime
Minister:
You
could
sense
a
trace
of
deference
about
the
Prime
Minister,
i.e.
the
Prime
Minister
was
either
ready
to
yield
(give
way)
to
the
wishes
and
opinion
of the President, or was somehow
respectful of him. The latter sense is the
more likely one.
Harriman
and
Hopkins
understood
how
anxious
the
Prime
Minister
was
to
ingratiate
himself
with
Roosevelt.
'I
wonder
if
he
will
like
me,'
Churchill
had
confided
to
Harriman.
(
Special Envoy to London and
Moscow
by Harriman)
9. by a
shade of a shade: very slight difference or
variation
cf. there is a shade of
difference between the two: a new shade of
meaning, etc. Churchill and
FDR were
both Number One
men, but
somehow FDR looked just a little more of a Number
One man.
10.
The
erect ...
to
Pug:
Front-page
refers
to
the
pictures
that
appeared
on
the
front-pages
of
newspapers; the usual
image of the President people had. On the
frontpage of magazines or
news-
papers President Roosevelt might be
seen standing upright, but in real life he was
a cripple. Pug was more familiar with
the crippled President than the one on the front-
pages
standing up-
right.
11. hobbling a step
or two and sinking with relief into the chair:
1) hobble: to
walk or move awkwardly or with difficulty; to limp
2) sink: to
fall (as) from lack of strength
3) Roosevelt was glad that
the strain and discomfort of standing came to an
end and he
could sit down. Hence
12. got right to business: got down
right away to business
13. Victor Henry
... rs: There were meetings going on at three
different levels:
1.
the Summit, of Staff, 3. Planners; Victor Henry
was with the third.
Burne-Wilke: representative of the
British Chief of Staff, Pug Henry's counterpart
14. Familiar
problems.., fouled communications:
1) come up: arise; be mentioned
2)
excessive and contradictory requests
from the British services:
excessive: being too much or too great,
immoderate, inordinate; e.g. asking, for more
planes than the U.S. could possible
supply, and perhaps with the Admiralty ,listing
de-
stroyers
and the Defense Ministry listing tanks the Number
One priority
3) unreal
plans: plans put forward not on a realistic basis.
Unreal
means
illusive,
sham,
visionary.
Unrealistic
or
un
reasonable
would
be
better
here.
4)
unfilled contracts: contracts that failed to be
carried out (usually, sign a contract, enter
into a contract, make a contract with
sb., exchange contracts, fill a contract, fill an
order)
13
5)
jumbled priorities: many different items all
listed as top priority
jumble: mixed
in a confused, disorderly heap
6)
fouled
communications:
coded
messages
wrongly
deciphered
(decoded
or
translated);
messages
mislaid or not clearly stated
fouled: (colloquial) entangled,
disordered or confused
15.
hammer
out:
to
develop
or
work
out
by
careful
thought
or
repeated
effort
or
serious
discussions
cardinal: principal, chief, of main
importance
16. to replace U-boat
sinkings: to replace the ships which had been sunk
by the U-boats (by the
Axis, i.e., by
German, Japanese or Italian submarines)
17. No war.., the ocean: War materiel
had to be shipped to England if they were to be
used in the
fight against Hitler. This
could be done only if they had enough ships and
the Atlantic Ocean
was made safe for
the Allies. The sentence indicates the importance
of building new ships to
replace
those
being
sunk
in
great
numbers,
because
at
that
time
the
Allies
still
could
not
successfully defend their ships against
U-boats. Later, new technology broke the blockade.
materiel: weapons,
equipment, supplies of armed forces (distinguished
from personnel) cf.
material--of
matter;
of
substance,
e.g.
raw
materials,
dress
materials
(distinguished
from
spiritual)
18. This plain truth.., every
projection:
1 ) As soon as
the two parties agreed that priority should be
given to the' building of ships,
all
other requests and programs would have to be
crossed out.
2) so simple
once agreed on: so simple as soon as it was
decided
3) once: not an
adverb but a conjunction here, meaning as soon as;
if ever, wherever
19. This simple
yardstick. .. and tools: This simple yardstick
rapidly revealed what were lacking in
the US war industry at the time, and
showed the urgent need for building new steel
mills and
plants.
Steel, aluminum, rubber.., all the
thousand things of war were urgently needed, but
the
US was found to be poor and weak in
steel making capacity and plants to make steel
into ma-
chines
and tools of war.
dictate: lay
down authoritatively (things to be done)
20. Through all.., thousand rifles:
1) hypothetical plans:
suppositional plans, tentatively put forward
2) pathetic: causing a
feeling of pity or sorrow
Through all the talk of suppositional
plans, one modest and almost pitiable request kept
cropping up, that is an immediate need
for a hundred fifty thousand rifles.
21. If Russia collapsed.., from the
air: a form of subjunctive denoting the present
1)
Crete-like
invasion:
A
large-scale
airborne
attack
was
successfully
launched
by
the
Germans on
this eastern Mediterranean Island, May 1941, the
first of its kind in history.
2) wrap up: to bring to a successful
end; to complete or finish; to conclude
successfully
22.
The
stupendous
materiel..,
rifles
now:
Compared
with
the
huge
figures
for
future
joint
British-U. S. invasion of North Africa
or the French coast, the present request of a
hundred
fifty thousand rifles immediately was
sadly small.
Section 4 Roosevelt
hobbles across
1. boats from all over
the sparkling bay came clustering to the Prince of
Wales:
14
1)
sparkle: glitter or glisten, as jewels, sunlit
water. Sparkle implies a number of brief, bright,
intermittent flashes and is almost
exclusively restricted to uneven, bright flashes
reflect ed
from light-catching objects.
2) boats.., came grouping around the
Prince of Wales
2. in sunlight that
seemed almost blinding: the sun shone so brightly
that one could hardly see; the
sunlight
was most dazzling.
3. in sunlight ...
the forests of larch and fir glowed a rich green:
1) glow: to show brilliant, conspicuous
colors
2) rich: deep; intense;
vivid; said of colors
3) The forests
showed a brilliant, deep green in the sunshine.
4. an American destroyer slowly nosed
its bridge alongside the battle ship.., was thrown
across.
1) nose: to make or push (a
way, etc. ) with the front forward
2)
bridge: a platform above the main deck of a ship,
from which it is controlled, as by the
commanding officer
3)
An American destroyer slowly moved parallel with
the battle-ship so that its bridge was
side by side with the main deck of the
battle ship.
5.
lurched
out
on
the
gangplank..,
then
the
other:
staggered
out
onto
the
movable
platform
bridging the two
ships and with difficulty moved one leg forward
jerkingly, then the other
1) gangplank:
a narrow, movable platform or ramp forming a
bridge by which to
board or
leave a ship
2) hitch: to
move, pull, or shift with jerks
3)
Roosevelt's legs could not function so he had to
rely on the movement of the hip to hitch
his leg forward.
6. both
boats were moving on long swells:
1) swell: a large wave that moves
steadily without breaking;
2)
Both
boats
were
tossed
slightly
up
and
down
by
waves
that
moved
steadily
without
breaking.
7. Pug observed.., this crippled walk:
shoot: to take a picture
with a camera
8. Churchill... offered
his hand: Churchill held out his hand to help.
9. his face stiff with strain: It was
with great effort that be stood at attention,
hence a stiff face.
10. preserve us
from the dangers of the sea: protect us so that we
would not get drowned; .so that
our
ships would not get sunk
11. that we
may be a security for such as pass upon the sea
upon their lawful occasions: This is
biblical English, meaning so that we
may give protection to those who sail upon the sea
on
lawful
business.
12. the blessings of the land: the
special favors of the land( referring to favorable
climate, fertile
soil, rich products,
etc. )
13. sneaked cameras from their
blouses;
1) blouse: the
coat or jacket of a service uniform or dress
uniform of the sailors
2)
took out secretly cameras from their jackets
(jumpers)
14. cameras appeared by the
dozens:
by: expressing
measure or extent, e.g. books coming in by the
hundreds
Note the use of
the definite article
15
15..... swarmed into a laughing,
cheering ring around the
two men:
1) More and
more sailors came and they surrounded the two men,
laughing, cheering.
2)
cheer.
16. Pug Henry....
felt a touch on his elbow:
1)
unwonted disorder: unusual confusion
2)
with
mixed
feelings
of
amusement
and
outrage:
amusement
because
the
two
leaders
themselves
smiled
and
took
it
in
good
humour,
and
the
sailors
were
cheering
and
laughing;
out-
rage
because
such
a
rush
and
disorder,
in
his
view,
should
not
be
permitted on a warship
3) a touch on his elbow:
cf. a tap on the shoulder; a slap in the face; a
blow on the head
17. A word with you?:
May I have a word with you? (May I speak to you?)
Section 5 A Request from the British
1. a library den: (colloquial) a small
secluded room for study or relaxation, e.g.
Father's in his den
now, Johnny.
2. Burne-Wilke: Note, he said
1) Study the following forms of address
for a man called Robert Wilson.
Formal: Mr. Robert Wilson
Less formal,
but still quite formal: Mr. Wilson
Acceptable (between
equals): Wilson
His friends: Robert
His wife: Robert dear.
(When a child)
Bob, Bertie, Bobby, etc.
2) I say: (a)
to attract the attention of the person addressed
I
say, Jack, bring me a book of stamps if you are
going to the post office, will
you,
please?
(b) to express surprise
I say! It's
nearly six o'clock.
(c) to combine surprise and
warning
I say! There's someone coming.
3.
position: attitude, view
4. I have a fair bottle of sherry here:
I have nearly a full bottle of sherry here.
sherry: yellow or brown wine of
southern Spain, .south Africa, Cyprus, England
5. I'm for it: I'm in favor of drinking
on board.
6. You're dry as a bone in
your service, aren't you?: Wines and spirits are
forbidden in your Navy
or
You’re
not allowed to drink
on board, are you?
7..... served us an
excellent wine: Wine is an uncountable noun, but
here an indefinite article is
used to
indicate a particular kind of wine.
8.
The President... his desires: The President is the
man who lays down all Navy regulations (as
Commander-in-chief of all U. S. armed
forces) and he can adapt them as he wishes. That
is, if
the
President wishes to serve wine on board ship, then
it's all right for him to do so, rules and
regulations against it not
withstanding.
tailor: to alter, adapt for
a particular end
16
9. jolly: old-fashioned British upper-
class word meaning
10. they both sipped
wine:
sip: to drink,
taking a very small quantity at a time
cf. gulp: swallow quickly
11. we ran into a whole gale: We
entered an area where there was a strong wind. We
met a strong
wind.
1) run into: to meet, enter an area of
bad weather
2) Beaufort
scale
International description miles per
hour
calm
less than 1
light air
1--3
light breeze
4--
7
gentle breeze
8--12
moderate breeze
13--18
fresh breeze
19--24
strong breeze
25--3i'
moderate gale
32--38
fresh gale
39--46
strong gale
47
--54
whole gale
55
--63
storm
64
--72
hurricane
73--136
12. our destroyers
couldn't maintain speed: The destroyers could not
keep up their original speed
because of
the gale.
13. zigzagged on alone: make
wide diversion from side to side so as to avoid
German submarines
(U-boat)
14. I was appalled to hear about it:
1
)
Appal
suggests
terror
or
(now
more
commonly)
dismay
at
a
shocking
but
apparently
unalterable
situation.
2) hear sth.:
perceive sound, e.g. I heard a loud noise. She
doesn't hear very well.
hear about sth.: be told or learn
about, e.g. I've never heard about him. We'll hear
about
this later.
hear of: receive news of; have
knowledge of,
e.g. She
hadn't heard of my husband's
death when
I met her.
hear from:
receive a letter, news, from
15. Rather
sporting of the British Prime Minister... on the
open sea:
1) sporting:
offering the kind of fair risk that is usual in a
game
2) It was
rather risky and daring (sportsmanlike) of
Churchill to give the German. soldiers a
good chance to attack him on the high
seas.
3) It was most
dangerous for Churchill to run such a risk yet
Burne-Wilke tried to show that
the
Prime Minister took the whole thing in good cheer.
Here Burne-Wilke employed a
rhetorical
device--periphrasis.
4)
fair: without any handicap
16. Three
thousand.., submarine fleet: not a complete
sentence. It could be: The ship went three
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