TPO 7听力文本解析

TPO 7

Conversation1

late essay

迟交的论文

I

’

ll be interested to see how it all came out.

我也想看看写得怎么样。

I just overheard some graduate students' talking, something about a party for Dean Adams.

我

刚刚无意中听到一些研究生在谈论一个为

Adams

院长举行的聚会。

retirement party

退休聚会

wasn't there notice on the Anthropology Department's bulletin board?

人类学系的公告栏上

没有通知 吗？

pitch in

出一份力

If you pitch in, you join in and help with an activity.

参与并帮助

that's very thoughtful of you.

你想得很周到。

low-key

低调的

flashy

华而不实的

a couple of the administrative assistants

两个；几个

we're compiling a database of articles the anthropology faculty has published.

我们在汇编人

类学教职员工发表过的文章，整理成一个资料库。

there

is

nothing

glory

in

it,

but

we

are

looking

for

someone

with

some

knowledge

of

anthropology who can enter the articles.

这不是什么能获得荣耀的工作。但是我们在找一

< br>个懂一些人类学知识的人来输入这些文章。

Did you know Dean Adams did a lot of field research in Indonesia? Most of it hasn't been

published yet.

你知道吗，

Dean Adams

在 印度尼西亚做了很多实地考察研究。大多数都

还没有发表过。

she's really versatile.

她真是多才多艺啊。

she just spent several months studying social interactions

社交互动

/

社会交际

in

Indonesia

and she's been influential

很有影响力

in ethnology

社会人类学

.

uninformed

无知的

If

you

describe

someone

as

uninformed,

you

mean

that they

have

very

little

knowledge

or

information about a particular situation or subject.

不知情的

not to seem uninformed

看起来无所不知呢

speciation

物种形成

while she was there in South America, she collected a lot of linguistic information and songs.

当她

在南美洲的时候，收集了很多语言信息和歌曲。

she's got lots of projects that she's still in the middle of.

她还有很多正在做着的课题呢。

Lecture 1

theater history

戏剧历史

the theater of 19th-century France

十九世纪的法国戏剧

Realism developed in the European theater.

现实主义在欧洲戏剧中得以形成。

to

understand

this

though,

we

first

need

to

look

at

an

earlier

form

of

drama

known

as

the

well-made play.

佳构剧是戏剧的一种早期的形式。

comedies

喜剧

dramatic devices

戏剧策略

/

要素

but the formula for a well-made play required that the certain of these elements be included in

a particular order.

佳构剧的构成准则要求一些要素要以特定的顺序来展开。

and most importantly, that everything in the plays be logically connected.

最重 要的是，剧中

的一切都必须有逻辑联系。

In fact, some of these playwrights would start by writing the end of a play,

< br>事实上，有些剧

作家会最开始写结尾。

and

work

backward

toward

the

beginning,

just

to

make

sure

each

event led logically

然后从结尾向开头反推，

就是为了确保每一个情节都与前面提到的内< /p>

容保持逻辑联系。

from what had gone before.

so

what

are

the

necessary

elements

of

a

well-made

play?

那么佳构剧的必备要素是什么

呢？

exposition

阐述

logical exposition

逻辑叙述

An exposition of an idea or theory is a detailed

explanation or account of it.

阐述

Aristotle was valued because of his clear exposition of rational thought.

亚里士多德因其对理性思维的清晰阐述而被重视。

In fair Verona where we lay our scene.

这个故事发生在美丽的维罗纳

（意大利北 部城市）

--

The story takes place in Verona, Italy.

and

then

tell

all

about

the

feuding

familities

of

Romeo

and

Juliet.

然后讲述所有有关

Romeo and Juliet

这两家世代结怨的事。

inciting incident

推动情节发展的煽动事件

lay eyes on(

初次）见到

this is the inciting incident. it sets off, the plot of the play.

set off

激起，引发

If something sets off an event or a series of events, it causes it to start happening.

引发

;

激

起

例：

The arrival of the charity van set off a minor riot as villagers scrambled for a share of the aid.

赈济货车一到达，便引发了村民争抢救援物资的小规模骚乱。

这个故事发生在意大利的维洛那。

and before the secrets are revealed to the main characters, the plot of the play proceeds as a

series of sort of up and down moment.

在谜团被揭晓之前，故事的情节起伏地的进行着。

for no apparent reason,

无缘无故地

the

reversals

of fortune

continue,

increasing

the

audience's

tension

and

excitement,

making

them wonder if everything is going to come out okay or not.

命运的大逆转持续进行，不断

加剧观众的紧张和激动情绪，使得他们想知道到底结局是好是坏。

obligatory scene

必须的场景

If something is obligatory, you must do it because of a rule or a law.

规定性的

例：

Most women will be offered an ultrasound scan during pregnancy, although it's not obligatory.

大部分妇女怀孕期间都将进行超声波检查，尽管不是规定性的。

denouement

结局

In

a

book,

play,

or

series

of

events,

the

denouement

is

the

sequence of

events at the end, when things come to a conclusion. (

书、戏剧或一系列事件中的

)

结局

an unexpected denouement.

一个意想不到的结局

resolution

决议；最终解决

The resolution of a problem or difficulty is the final solving of it.

最终解决

例：

...the successful resolution of a dispute involving UN inspectors in Baghdad.

…对涉及联合国驻巴格达调查员的一项争议的成功解决。

when all the loose ends have to be tied up in a logical way.

所有尚未解释清楚的地方都必

A loose end is part of a story, situation, or crime that has not yet been explained. (

故事、

情况

或犯罪案件中

)

尚未解释清楚的地方

例：

There are some annoying loose ends in the plot.

情节中有一些令人烦恼、尚待弄清的东西。

remember, the

obligatory scene

gives the audience

emotional pleasure,

but the denouement

offers the audience a logical conclusion.

这个必须 的场景给观众情感上的刺激享受，结局

却是要给观众呈现一个合乎逻辑的结论。

that's the subtle distinction we need to try very hard to keep in mind.

这个细微的差别，我们必须要记住。

subtle

微妙的，细微的

--

说这句话，是为了提醒学生注意区分他们的不同。言下之意，

就是< /p>

so, as I said,--

照应开头，

the well-made play, this form of playwriting, became the basis for

realism in drama, and for a lot of very popular 19th-century plays.

< br>佳构剧，

这种剧本创作形

式，成为了现实主义戏剧的基础 。也为很多

19

世纪的很受欢迎的剧本奠定了基础。

a pattern we find in the plots of many later plays, and even movies that we see today.

很多后

来的剧本情节布局也使用这种模式，甚至 很多我们今天看到的电影

（也受到到这种模式

的影响）

。

Lecture 2

biology

生物学

infrasound

次声

次声

;

低 于

16

赫兹的低频音波

acoustical spectrum

声频范围

acoustical

声学的

acoustical principles

声学原理

acoustics

声学

-- Acoustics is the scientific study of sound.

声学

ultrasound

超声波

--Ultrasound

is

sound

waves

which

travel

at

such

a

high

frequency

that

they

cannot be heard by humans. Ultrasound is used in medicine to get pictures of the inside of people's

bodies.

超声波

--

高频波

detect

探测，侦查

to keep from flying into things

为了避免撞到别的东西上

echolocation

回声定位

- Echolocation is a system used by some animals to determine the position

of an object by measuring how long it takes for an echo to return from the object.

回声定位

例：

Most bats navigate by echolocation.

大多数蝙蝠通过回声定位飞行。

self- explanatory

不言自明的

ADJ Something that is self-explanatory is clear and easy to understand without needing any extra

information or explanation.

无需解释的

;

不释自明的

例：

I hope the graphs on the following pages are self- explanatory.

我希望以下几页图表能一目了然。

navigation and orientation

导航和定位（辨认方向）

ultrasonic

超声波的

the

bat

emits

these

ultrasonic

pulses

超声波脉冲

,

very

high

pitch

sound

waves

that

we

cannot

hear.

they analyze the echoes.

它们分析回声。

diagram

图表

so the bat sends out these pulses, very focused bursts of sound, and echoes bounce back. < /p>

蝙蝠发

出超声波脉冲，非常紧密的发声，回声反射回来。

you know, I don't need to draw on the echoes, your reading assignment for the next class; it has a

diagram that shows this very clearly.

another thing it uses ultrasound to detect is the size and shape of objects.

使用超声波探测的另外

一个目的就是探测目标物体的大小和形状。

remain motionless

保持不动

beat wings

拍打翅膀

we have tended to underestimate just how sophisticated the abilities of animals that use ultrasound

are.

我们似乎低估了使用超声波的动物的能力。

we kind of assumed that they were filtering a lot out, the way which a sophiticated radar system

can

ignore

echoes

from

a

stationary

objects

on

the

gound.

Radar

does

this

to

remove

ground

objects, information about hills or buildings that it doesn't need.

filter out

过滤掉，不予理会

the echoes from a tree are going to a mass of chaotic acoustic reflections, not like the echo from a

moth.

从一棵树反射回来的回 声，

将会充满各种杂乱无章的声音反射，

并不像从一只蛾反射< /p>

回来的回声。

we thought for a long time that bats stop their evaluation at simply that is a tree.

很长时间以来，

我

们一直认为，蝙蝠对树的概念仅仅是那是一棵树。

a pine tree

松树

a deciduous tree

落叶树

maple

枫树

oak

橡树

pine needles

松针

you are on the right track.

你的思路

/

方向是对的