-
词义猜测题专练
(
二
)
——
猜测指代类
A
[2019·
洛阳市第二次统考
]
There is more of a
connection
between food and culture
than you may think. On an individual level,
we grow up eating the food of our
culture. It becomes a part of who
we
are. Many associate food from our childhood with
warm feelings
and good memories and it
ties us to our families, holding a special and
personal
value
for
us.
Food
from
our
family
often
becomes
the
comfort food we seek as adults in times
of frustration and stress.
On a large scale, traditional food is
an important part of
culture.
It
also
operates
as
an
expression
of
culture
identity.
Immigrants bring
it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride
for
their culture and means of coping
with homesickness.
Many immigrants
open their own
restaurants and serve
traditional dishes. However, the food
does not remain exactly the same.
Some
materials needed to make traditional dishes may
not be readily
available,
so
the
taste
and
flavor
can
be
different
from
what
they
would
prepare
in
their
home
countries.
Additionally,
immigrants
do
not only sell dishes to
people from the same countries as them, but to
people
from
different
countries.
Therefore,
they
have
to
make
small
changes
about
the
original
dishes
to
cater
to
a
wider
range
of
customers.
Those
changes
can
create
new
flavors
that
still
keep
the
cultural significance of the dishes.
We
should
embrace
our
heritage
(
传
统
)
through
our
culture's food but also become more
informed about other cultures by
trying
their
food.
It
is
important
to
remember
that
each
dish
has
a
special place in the
culture to which it belongs, and is special to
those
who prepare it. Food is a window
into culture, and it should be treated
as such.
体裁
：议论文
题材
：饮食文化
主题
：食物和文化之间的
联系
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文，主
要探讨了食物和文化
之间的联系。
【难句分析】
It is
important to remember that each dish has a
special place in the culture to which
it belongs, and is special to those
who
prepare it.
分析：本句中第一个
it
为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动
词不定式；
“
that each dish has... who
prepare it
”
是
that<
/p>
引导的宾
语从句，
从句中含有
“
介词＋
which
”<
/p>
引导的定语从句和
who
引导
的定语从句，
who
引导的定语从句修饰先行词<
/p>
those
。
译文：重要的是要记住，每一道菜在它所属的文化中都有一
个特殊的位置，而且对于烹饪
它的人来说也是特别的。
1
．
What's the
function of food mentioned in the text?
A
．
To help
motivate homesickness.
B
．
To show
national identity.
C
．
To reflect a
country's history.
D
．
To show a
community's superiority.
答案与解析：
B
考查细节理解。
根据第一段第二、
三句
“
On
an
individual
level,
we
grow
up
eating
the
food
of
our
culture.
It
becomes
a
part
of
who
we
are
”
，再根据第二段的第二句
“
It
also
operates as an
expression of culture identity
”
< br>可知，
文章中提到的食
物的作用是显示国家身份，故选<
/p>
B
项。
2
．
What does the
underlined
“
it
”
in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A
．
The specific
traditional food.
B
．
The national
culture.
C
．
A
traditional expression of food.
D
．
The
old-
fashioned taste.
答案与解析：
A
考查代词指代。
通读第二段可知，
传统食物
是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都
带着它，它象征
着对自己文化的骄傲，也是排解乡愁的方法。由
此可推知，
it
指代传统食物，故选
A
项。
3
．
Why do
some immigrants have to change the original dishes
in
their restaurant?
A
．
To attach
cultural importance to their dishes.
B
．
To announce the
beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C
．
To make the
dishes popular among customers.
D
．
To present
their own food culture in a new way.
答案与解析：
C
考查细节理解。根据第三段的第四、五句
“
Additio
nally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to
people from the
same
countries
as
them,
but
to
people
from
different
countries.
Therefore, they have to make small
changes about the original dishes
to
cater to a wider range of customers
”
可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给
来自相同国家的
人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾
客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜
肴，故选
C
项。
4
．
What's the
author's attitude towards different food cultures?
A
．
Negative.
B
．
Balanced.
C
．
Unfair.
D
．
Unchangeable.
答案与解析：
B
考查观点态度。
根据最后一段的第一句
“
< br>We
should embrace our heritage
(
传统
) through our culture's
food but also
become more informed
about other cultures by trying their food
”
可
知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，
但也应该
通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对
不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度，故选
B
项。
B
[2019·
唐山一模
]
Since
their
earliest
days,
American
colleges and
universities have based their study programs
around what
is known as the liberal
arts.
Liberal
arts education does
not require students to study
only one
subject. Apart from a major like history or
politics, students
also take classes in
other subjects
that may not
directly relate to their
majors.
This
is
meant
to
give
students
a
wider
understanding
of
the
world as well as improve
the critical thinking skills.
However, in recent years,
many Americans have avoided
liberal
arts
degree
programs.
That
is
mainly
due
to
the
belief
that
students
who
graduate
with
degrees
in
science,
technology,
engineering
and
mathematics,
known
as
STEM,
are
more
likely
to
find well-
paid jobs.
But a new
survey conducted by the labor market research
company
Emsiand
the
Strada
Education
Network
research
group
suggests liberal arts graduates are
just as desirable to employers in the
modern labor market.
According
to
the
survey,
82%
of
liberal
arts
degree
holders
from
four-
year
programs
are
employed.
Those
who
are
employed
full-
time
made
about
$$20,000
more
per
year
than
people
with
no higher education at all. And liberal arts
degree holders with
advanced degrees
earned an additional $$20,000 on average.
Rob
Sentz,
who
works
with
Emsi,
says
an
engineering
student
may
be
immediately
hired
after
graduation.
But
very
often,
engineering
programs
fail
to
teach
students
how
to
work
well
with
others
or
communicate
complex
ideas
in
a
simple
way.
Those
are
exactly
the types of skills taught in liberal arts
education.
Nicole
Smith,
an
economist,
notes
that
with
the
rise
of
artificial intelligence, companies
producing these intelligent machines
need
help
teaching
them
how
to
think
more
like
and
interact
with
human beings. They need help selling
products and solving problems,
which
are skills that come from a liberal arts
education.
Sentz and Smith
agree the biggest challenge facing liberal
arts graduates is showing employers
what their skills are and the value
they represent.
体裁
：说明文
题材
：文化教育
主题
：文科教育的优势
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，通
过介绍文科生的专业
特征和就业市场的现状来说明文科生的职业优势和就业前景。对
于那些只注重工科学习的学生来说，他们在沟通方面有明显的不
足，
而这一点恰恰是文科学生的优势。
5
．
Why does
liberal arts education require students to learn
more
than their majors?
A
．
To teach
students how to communicate with others.
B
．
To
broaden
students'
horizons
and
promote
their
critical
thinking.
C
．
To encourage
students to learn as many subjects as possible.
D
．
To push
students toward liberal arts degree programs.
答案与解析：
B
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“
This
is
meant to give students a
wider understanding of the world as well as
improve their critical thinking skills.
”
可知，
要求文科生学习更多专
业以外的知识是为了让学生更广泛地了解世界，同时提高他们的
批判性
思维能力，故选
B
项。
6
．
What
advantage
do
liberal
arts
graduates
have
over
STEM
graduates?
A
．
They have more
access to well-
paid jobs.
B
．
They have
greater appeal for employers.
C
．
They are more
skilled in communicating.
D
．
They are better
at designing intelligent machines.
答案与解析：
C
考查细节理解。根据第六段中的
“
But
very
often,
engineering programs
fail
to
teach
students
how
to
work
well
with others or
communicate complex ideas in a simple way. Those
are