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全倒装和半倒装
1.
完全倒装
1)
完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,
而非助动词)
。
例如:
In came the teacher and
the class began.
(老师走了进来,然后开始上课。
)
(
这类词通常有:
away
in out up)
2)
the
re
引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的
there
be
句型以外,
there
还可以接
appear,
exist,
lie,
remain,
seem
to be, stand
等,一般都译成
有
的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:
There appeared to be a
man in black in the distance.
(远处有个穿黑色衣服
的人。
)
3)
由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词
here,
there
和时间副词
now, then
开头,后面的动
词是
be,
come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem,
stand
等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。
例:
Under that tree sits a
beautiful girl.
(那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。
)
例:
_________
from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed
his pistol at him.
A)
Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped
C) The burglar jumps down
D) Down jumped the burglar
答案是
D) Down jumped the burgla
r
。因为地点状语
Down
位于句首应
该用完全倒装,整个谓语动词应位
于主语之前。
C) The
burglar jumps down
虽然是自然语序,但时态错误,应该用和时间状
语从句一致的过
去时,而不是现在时。
注意:
1)
在
here, there
引出的倒装
句中,
当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分
倒装句。
例:
Here
comes the postman!
(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语
之前。
)
Here we are.
(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。
)
2)
注意正语序和倒装语序的语气、意义是区别:
例:
Here is the picture I
love.
(这正是我所喜爱的画。
)
The picture I love is
here.
(我所喜爱的画在这里。
)
3)
当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组
和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强
调作用。
例:
Lucky is he who has been
enrolled into a famous university.
(他真幸运
,被一所名牌大学录取了。
)
2.
部分倒装
1)
部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
< p>
例:
_______ right now,
she would get there on Sunday.
A) Would she leave B) if she leave
C) were she to leave D) If she had left
结合选项,全句的意思是:
“如果她
立刻就走,她就能在星期天到达那里”
。答案是
C
。
2)
以否定词开头的
句子要求部分倒装。
注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、
甚
至补充助动词的用法:
例:
Not
until yesterday did little John change his mind.
p>
(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。
)
例:
In no country ______
Britain, it had been said, can one experience four
seasons in the course of a single
day.
A) better than B) more than
C) other than D) rather than
本题是个倒装句,
答案是
C)
other than
。
no other than
意思是
“正是、
就是”
;
而
rather than
的意思是
“宁
愿??而不??;而不是”
。
p>
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