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（
3
）
Amplifi
cation
（増译法）
Objectives:
1.
To know about
the definition of amplification as a translation
strategy in general.
2.
To distinguish
three major circumstances under which
amplification is employed in terms of
word class and lexical function.
3.
To provide
ample sentences chosen from the text as well as
from outside sources for students
to
see how the strategy works in context.
Main Contents
I.
What Is Amplification?
One
of
the
most
important
principles
to
observe
in
translation
is
that
the
original
meaning
should
not
be
changed.
However,
that
doesn
’
t
mean
that
in
the
translating
process
not
a
single
word
or
phrase
cannot
be
added
or
reduced
to
the
original
text.
Thus
we
have
two
important
translation
strategies: amplification & omission.
Amplification
can
be
generally
defined
as
the
process
of
supplying
necessary
words
in
translation on the basis of accurate
comprehension of the original text, which helps to
make the
final
version
accurate,
fluent,
coherent,
and
vivid
according
to
the
rules
of
the
target
language.
There is one more
principle in employing this strategy: no more no
less. In other words, only the
words
required
by
semantics,
rhetoric,
and
syntax
should
be
added,
instead
of
those
randomly
chosen ones.
增译法
并非随心所欲地添枝加叶，
而必须遵守一条基本原则：
即增加那
些在语义、
修辞
或句法上必不可少的词语。
因此，
増译法即为根据语义、
修辞或句法上的需要增加原文
中虽
无其词却有其义的词汇，
旨在使译文表达更流畅，
更符合译入语的语法规定。此外，増译法
还需遵循一个准则：需要增加什
么就增加什么，且应适可而止。
e.g. Some
machines are easy to machine, but others are not.
一些金属容易加工，但另一些金属却不容易。
After winning the Nobel Prize, Zewail
heard from the whole world.
在获得诺贝尔奖之后，扎威尔收到世界各地人士的来信。
II. Amplification for Semantics &
Rhetoric
Sometimes certain
words are needed in translation so as to make the
final version complete
and accurate in
meaning, which is required by semantics. The
following illustrations account for
this circumstance with regard to the
word class of the word added.
1. Adding
verbs
(1) In 1812, Napoleon
Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand
Army into Russia.
1812
年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
(2) After Paris was captured in March
1814, Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his
empire
at an end.
1814
年
3
月巴黎被攻占之后，
拿破仑退位去过流放生活，他缔造的帝国也随之灭亡。
(3)
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,
researchers put the subjects through a set of
psychological and performance tests.
为确定睡眠不足所引起的后果，研究者为实验对象进行了一系列心理和行为测试。
(4) The chairman made an appeal
to the audience for quiet.
会议主席请听众保持安静。
(5)
Harvey Mackay runs a manufacturing company with
about 350 employees.
哈维·麦凯经营着一家拥有大约
350
名员工的制造公司。
2. Adding nouns
(1) I like
talking to pote
ntial salespeople,
because they’
re our link to customers.
我喜欢与可能成为销售员的人交谈，因为他们将是我们与客户联系的纽带。
(2) What have you done to prepare
for this interview?
你为这次面试做了什么准备工作？
(3) I suppose he was about sixty when I
knew him.
我估计自己认识他时，他大约有
60
岁年纪
/
光景。
(4) The young man said that
he was not in very good condition recently.
这个年轻人说最近他的身体状况不佳。
(5) You may name this dog whatever you
want to.
你想给这条小狗起什么名字就起什么名字。
3. Adding quantifiers
For nouns
：名量词
a red sun
一轮红日
a crescent moon
一轮新月
a stream
一弯溪水
For verbs
：动量词
(1) Once they had a quarrel.
一次，他们争吵了一番。
(2)
Herb gave her a sly look.
赫伯狡猾地看了她一眼。
(3)
Long lakes shine in the jungle.
丛林中狭长的湖泊上波光闪闪。
(4) He aimed brilliantly at moving
targets, always, and always missed.
他摆出漂亮的架势瞄准飞鸟，但却一次又一次地未曾打中。
(5) We have all seen the extraordinary
footage of that day, seen it over and over.
我们都看过当日那令人震惊的电视镜头，一遍又一遍。
For
generalization
：概括词
(1) Chinese, English, French, and
Americans
中、英、法、美四国人民
(2) The war brought great
damage to the both sides militarily, politically,
and economically.
这场战争在军事、政
治、经济等各方面给交战双方都造成了巨大损失。
(3)
The Americans and the Japanese conducted a
completely secret exchange of messages.
美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。
(4)
The
article
summed
up
the
new
achievements
made
in
electronic
computers,
artificial
satellites and
rockets.
这篇文章总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和
火箭等三方面的新成就。
(5) The
advantages of the hall are: spacious, bright, and
fashionable.
这个大厅有三大优点：宽敞、明亮、时尚。
4. Adding adjectives
(1) With what enthusiasm the Chinese
people are building socialism!
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！
(2) The plane twisted under me,
trailing flame and smoke.
飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。
(3) What an example of a person who has
never stopped learning!
好一个不断学习的精彩实例
!
(4) What a day!
Let
’
s go for a picnic by the
lake.
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