(完整word)上海高考完形填空真题专题解析

2016

年上海高考

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,

B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed

the

mow

famous Theory

X

and Theory Y

. Theory

X

is

the

idea

that

people

instinctively

51

work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find

satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the

52

, many managers still agree to Theory X.

They

believe,

53

,

that

their

employees

need

constant

supervision

if

they

are

to

work

effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from

54

without consultation. This, of course,

makes for authoritarian (

专制的

) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of

55

people. Unlike authoritarian management,

some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all

members of the department or work group are asked to

56

to this process. This is management

by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing

things,

which

are

based

on

general

57

.

Some

experts

say

that

women

will

become

more

effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that

traditional

58

managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions

on their own without

59

managers first. This

empowerment

(

授权

) has been part of the trend

towards downsizing:

60

the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in

this way, a company may be

61

with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers

and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (

委

托

) much further than has

62

been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms

of

management

control

to

63

that

the

overall

business

plan

is

being

followed,

and

that

operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or

64

management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and

the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the

65

of the

team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend

on them.

51. A. desire

B. seek

C. lose

D. dislike

52. A. contrary

B. expectation

C. degree

D. extreme

53. A. vice versa

B. for example

C. however

D. otherwise

54. A. outside

B. inside

C. below

D. above

55. A. replacing

B. assessing

C. managing

D. encouraging

56. A. refer

B. contribute

C. object

D. apply

57. A. agreement

B. practice

C. election

D. impression

58. A. bossy

B. experienced

C. western

D. male

59. A. asking

B. training

C. warning

D. firing

60. A. doubling

B. maintaining

C. reducing

D. estimating

61. A. honored

B. left

C. crowded

D. compared

62. A. economically

B. traditionally

C. inadequately

D. occasionally

63. A. deny

B. admit

C. assume

D. ensure

64. A. virtual

B. ineffective

C. day-to-day

D. on-the- scene

65. A. opinion

B. risk

C. performance

D. attractiveness

【解析】

试题分析：本文是说明文， 作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯

·

麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论

中的

X

理论和

Y

理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。

< br>

51.

答案

D

。

X

理论认为人们天生讨厌工作会做任何事来避免工作 。

desire

想要；

seek

寻找；

lose

失去；

dislike

不喜欢。

52.< /p>

答案

A

。在任何情况下，尽管相反的理论 有很多证据，但是经理们仍然同意

X

理论。

contrary

相反；

expectation