-
郑州轻工业学院
本科
毕业设计
（
论
文）
文献翻
译
题
目：
郑州市日间照料中心发展
现状状及存在问题研究
学生姓名：
张
飞
专业班级：
劳动与社会保障
11
级
1
班
学
号：
541109040144
政法学院
杨岚（讲师）
2015
年
4
月
1
日
院
（系）
:
指
导教师
(
职称
):
完成时间
:
Assessing
the
needs
of
older
people
in
Albania
Background
According
to
the
information
provided
by
the
National
Institute
of
Statistics
(INSTAT),
the
proportion
of
the
population
over
65
years
of
age
in
Albania
has
reached
12%in
rmore,
projections
suggest
that
the
proportion
of
older
people
in
Albania
will
double
over
the
next
35
years.
Coupled
with
falling
birth
rates
and
increasing
life
expectancy,
this
will
eventually
lead
to
a
substantial
reduction
of
the
economically
active
proportion
of
the
population.
At
the
same
time,
high
levels
of
chronic
illness,
a
huge
burden
of
avoidable
disability,
economic
deprivation
and
a
lack
of
social
opportunities
mean
that
most
elderly
people
in
Albania
are
in
a
struggle
to
survive
rather
than
enjoying
the
personal
and
social
possibilities
common
in
many
other
European
countries.
Consequently,
the
Albanian
society
as
a
whole
is
deprived
of
much
of
the
contribution
it
could
gain
from
the
experience
of
its
older
citizens.
Demographic
trends
mixed
with
a
society
in
economic
and
political
transition
raise
concerns
about
increasing
needs
for
care
and
social
inclusion
of
older
people
in
Albania.
Moreover,
there
is
a
low
level
of
preparation
of
the
Albanian
society
to
cope
with
chronic
diseases
and
long
-
term
care.
Complex
policies
and
actions
should
be
considered
by
a
number
of
stake
holders,
including
government
and
civic
society
in
Albania.
Aim
and
Objectives
of
the
research
work
The
aim
of
the
current
study
was
to
obtain
relevant
information
in
order
to
respond
to
needs
of
older
people
as
they
see
them.
Specific
objectives
of
the
research
work
were
as
follows:
To
assess
the
quality
of
social
services
and
health
care
services
for
elderly
people
from
their
perspective.
To
assess
the
difficulties
and
potential
barriers
of
elderly
people
to
access
social
services
and
health
care
services
in
Albania.
To
understand
the
determinants
and
the
link
between
formal
care,
informal
care
and
social
services
for
elderly
people
in
Albania.
1
To
assess
and
identify
the
appropriate
strategies
for
involving
older
persons
in
taking
decisions
self
empowerment.
Methodology
Participatory
research:
the
approach
of
this
study
consisted
of
a
close
collaboration
with
and
direct
involvement
of
older
people
in
all
activities
of
the
research
work.
This
approach
has
the
potential
to
address
the
needs
of
older
persons
as
felt
by
the
older
persons
themselves,
in
their
own
environment
and
during
a
long
period
of
time.
Qualitative
research
methodology
was
employed
consisting
of
focus
groups
and
in
-
depth
inter
views,
as
described
below:
Focus
group
discussions
were
conducted
in
all
prefectures
of
Albania
involving
old
people
aged
65+
years
(there
are
12
major
administrative
units
in
Albania
referred
to
as
prefectures).Overall,
12
focus
groups
were
conducted
one
in
each
prefecture
of
Albania.
The
overall
number
of
participants
in
the
focus
groups
was
107
(on
average,
there
were
9
participants
in
each
focus
group).Detailed
notes
were
taken
from
all
focus
group
discussions
for
later
analysis.
It
must
be
emphasized
that
all
notes
from
the
focus
group
discussions
were
typed
in
an
anonymous
manner
(i.e.
all
identifying
information
including
participants
names
was
removed).Immediately
after
each
focus
group
discussion,
the
facilitator
and
note
taker
met
with
each
< br>-
other
in
order
to
review
the
main
themes
of
the
discussion.
The
main
patterns
of
responses
were
subsequently
summarized.
Responses
from
the
discussions
were
analyzed
by
arranging
the
min
the
general
categories
identified
in
the
inter
view
guide.
After
arrangement
of
responses,
the
different
positions
or
opinions
were
identified.
The
experts
performing
the
qualitative
data
analysis
summarized
the
various
opinions,
assessed
the
degree
of
consensus
or
differences
expressed
by
the
groups
and
synthesized
the
themes
or
patterns
that
emerged
from
the
information
collected
in
the
focus
-
groups.
In
-
depth<
/p>
interviews
were
also
conducted
with
key
informants
working
in
senior
leadership
positions
at
local
government
and/or
district
social
insurance
institutes
(which
are
branches
of
the
Albanian
Ministry
of
Labor
and
Social
Welfare).The
aim
of
in
-
depth
inter
views
was
to
obtain
additional
and
valuable
information
related
to
elderly
peoples
social
and
health
needs,
barriers
to
access
services,
and
level
of
decision
making
and
social
participation
in
the
2
Albanian
society.
Focus
groups
with
old
people
The
main
themes
that
emerged
from
focus
-
group
discussions
with
old
people
are
summarized
below:
Socioeconomic
situation
of
old
people
:
According
to
participants
in
the
focus
groups,
the
elderly
people
in
Albania
face
many
financial
challenges
and
socioeconomic
problems
which
are
worsened
by
the
rapid
transition
from
a
centralized
system
towards
a
market
-
oriented
economy
which
is
associated
with
serious
difficulties
for
this
vulnerable
segment
of
the
population.
Old
people
feel
even
more
frustrated
from
the
fact
that
both
the
local
and
central
institutions
(such
as
e.g.
the
National
Institute
of
Statistics)
claim
that
elderly
people
are
not
the
most
socioeconomic
disadvantaged
age
-
group
of
the
population
(according
to
these
institutions,
small
children
are
the
most
disadvantaged
population
subgroup),
which
poses
serious
difficulties
for
the
work
carried
out
by
the
institutions,
agencies,
civil
society
and
non
-
governmental
associations
working
with
elderly
people
in
Albania.
Elderly
people
expressed
similar
concerns,
problems
and
distress
related
to
their
poor
socioeconomic
conditions.
The
lack
of
money
even
for
simple
survival
was
one
of
the
key
complaints
in
almost
all
of
the
focus
group
discussions.
Thus,
old
people
reported
that
after
they
pay
the
bills
for
electricity
and
running
water,
they
are
left
with
insufficient
money
for
food
and
essential
medications
which
they
need
for
treatment
of
several
chronic
conditions
such
as
high
blood
pressure,
cardiovascular
disease,
diabetes,
gastrointestinal
problems
and
many
other
diseases
which
they
currently
suffer
from.
The
pretty
low
standard
of
living
is
quite
obvious
and
is
a
daily
source
of
economic
and
psychosocial
distress
for
most
of
elderly
people
in
Albania.
Consistent
with
prior
reports,
the
overall
monthly
income
(including
social
pension
and
other
sources
of
income
available)
reported
by
elderly
people
residing
in
urban
areas
was
on
average
below100
,whereas
in
rural
areas
it
was
below50
.
Elderly
people
living
in
urban
areas
though
have
a
somewhat
better
standard
of
living
compared
with
those
who
live
in
rural
areas.
3