边防专业英语

自我复习资料之边防专业英语

边防专业英语

必考词汇：

border management (control) (security)

边防管理

al-Qaeda

基地组织

the Pentagon

五角大楼

US administration

美国当局

Department of State

美国国务院

fundamentalism

原教旨主义

separation of religion and state

政教分离

political activism

政治激进主义

illegal associations

非法结社

constitutionality

合宪性

illegal immigration

非法移民

source country

来源国

Homeland Security Department

国土安全局

Justice Department

司法部

Border Patrol

边境巡逻队

Intelligence agencies

情报

Social Security

社保

Transnational organized crime syndicates

跨国有组织犯罪集团

genocide/ war crimes/ crimes against human /aggression

灭绝种族罪

战争罪

反人类罪

侵略

state party

缔约国

arms embargo

武器禁运

Islamic Conference

伊斯兰大会

African Union

非盟

Arab nations

阿拉伯国家

Universalism

普世主义

Trafficking in persons

贩运人口

Repatriation

遣返

Protocol

议定书

General Assembly

联合国大会

Convention

公约

Illegal entry

非法入境

Accomplice

共犯

文章：

Spanish Efforts to Put An End to Terrorism in the Basque Country

Origins and evolution of the Basque Conflict

1

自我复习资料之边防专业英语

巴斯克起源和演化的冲突

As a cultural region, the Basque Country (Euskal Herria) constitutes an ensemble of seven

territories located in the European Western Pyreness, on the Biscay Gulf

ˊ

s shore. Over three

million inhabitants live in these territories that cover an extension of approximately 20664

squared kilometers.

作为一个城市的文化区域

,

在巴斯克国 家

(Euskal Herria)

构成一套七领土位于欧洲西 部

Pyreness,

海湾ˊ年代比斯开湾岸边。三百万多万居 民住在这些地区的延伸

,

占地约

206 64

平方公

里。

The Basques

ˊ

history is an ancient one. According to the most learned historians, Basque is

one of the most ancient ethnics in Europe and the Basque language is considered a

pre-indoeuropean language whose origins are still very much discussed. Historically, Navarra was

a very important Kingdom and under Sancho

Ⅲ

its influence covered much more than all the

Basque territories. Nevertheless, upon his death in 1035 his Kingdom was distributed among his

heirs and, notwithstanding their cultural and linguistic links, from that point onward, the Basque

territories were never formed nor integrated into a political unity.

巴斯克人ˊ历史是一个古老的一个。

根据最有学 问的历史学家

,

巴斯克是其中一个最古老的民族

,

在欧洲和巴斯克人语言都被看作是语言的起源

pre -indoeuropean

仍很讨论。从历史上看

,

那是一

个很重要的王国的影响下

,

Ⅲ卡斯蒂尔覆盖更多的巴斯克地区比。然而

,

在他死 后

1035

年

,

他的王

国在他的继承人和分布

,

尽管 他们的文化和语言的链接

,

从那时开始

,

巴斯克地区也从来没有形成

集合到一个政治上的统一。

Recent origins of the Basque political conflict are found in the long and difficult transition,

particularly in Spain, from the Ancien Regime to a liberal and constitutional system, In fact,since

the 18

th

century, the permanent questioning of the rights of the Basque provinces provoked a

progressive reinforcement of the Basque national feeling. Politically, the last two century of

nationalism, different attempts to assimilate Navarra and the other Basque territories with the

other Spanish provinces always found a very strong popular opposition and led to intermediate

solutions that were never completely accepted by any of both sides.

最近的起源中都发 现了巴斯克政治冲突而漫长的困难的转变

,

尤其是在西班牙

,

从前政权一个自

由宪政体制

,

事实上

,

因为

世纪

,

永久的质 疑巴斯克省权利的一个循序渐进的加固惹巴斯克

民族感情。

在政 治上

,

最后两个世纪的民族主义

,

不同的试图同化和其他巴斯克地区那和其他西班

牙省总是发现一个非 常强大的受欢迎的反对

,

导致中间的解决方案

< br>,

从来没有完全接受任何的两

边。

Under the Constitution of the Second Republic, established in 1931, Spanish nationalities

and regions could benefit of a political autonomy. Thus, after the approval of the Catalan Statue,

in 1936 the first Autonomy Statute for the Basque Country gave way to the establishment of the

first provisional Government of Euzkadi. Although a provision opened the way to the

participation of Navarra, the 1936 Statute did not in the end include Navarra. In any case, the

military upraising had already taken place and military rebels won the Civil War after three years,

lead by General Franco. General Franco, acting as a Dictator, maintained the Fueros in Navarra

and Alava, who had supported him during the war, but declared the provinces of Bizkaia ang

Gipuzkoa, where the Basque Nationalists had a greater influence, as betrayers.

在第二共和国宪法

,

成立于

1931< /p>

年

,

西班牙民族和地区能受益的政治自治 。

因此

,

当批准的加泰罗

尼亚的雕像

,1936

年第一届自治条例让位给巴斯 克国家设立了第一个

Euzkadi

临时政府。

尽管规

2

自我复习资料之边防专业英语

定大开那的参与

,1936

年的法令没有最 后包括那。在任何情况下

,

军事

upr aising

已经发生和军

事叛军赢得内战三年后

,

弗朗哥将军带领。

弗朗哥将军

,

作为一个独裁者

,

维护了

Fueros

和

Alava

< br>在那

,

在战争中支持他

,

但是他却宣称省和

Gipuzkoa

Biz kaia,

那里有更大的影响力巴斯克民族主

义者

,

叛徒。

Franco Regime and the Birth of the ETA

佛朗哥政权和组织

“

埃塔

”

的诞生

The political repression in Spain during the Franco regime was immense and specifically

focused on popular and nationalist movement; thus, in the Basque against the passivity of the

traditional Basque nationalism and in 1959 a group of Basque students, dissident to EKIN, created

Euskadi Ta Askatasuna to assure the defense of the Basque language, Euskera, and the Basque

ethnic, as well as to fight against Spain and to support the independence of the seven Basque

territories. In 1961, the ETA committed its first violent action in the attempted derailment of a

train occupied by Franco sympathizers travelling to San Sebastian to celebrate its First Assembly

as the Basque Revolutionary Movement of National Freedom, a revolutionary and clandestine

organization that adopted armed struggle as its main vehicle for achieving Euskadi independence.

在西班牙的政治镇压在佛朗哥政权是巨大的

,

而特别聚焦在流行和民族主义运动的

;