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中西方节日比较英语作文
【篇一:中西方节日文化差异比较
中英文版】
oecd says
unemployment will continue to rise
oecd
:工业化国家失业率持续攀升
despite
reports that many
industrialized
economies are beginning to
emerge from their worst economic crisis in
decades,
unemployment is rising and
will likely reach a historic peak of
nearly 10 percent next year. the
findings come from the
organization for
economic cooperation and development in
paris.
经济合作与发展组织星期三报告说,工业化国家的失业率仍在增加,
而且有可能在明
年达到近
10%
的历史最高水平,尽管不断有报道说,
很多工业化国家正在走出几十年来最严重的经济危机。
indications that unemployment
continues to rise is grim news
for
leaders heading to the g-20 summit in the united
states
next week. the paris-based
organization for economic
cooperation
and development reports unemployment reached
its highest level among industrialized
nations of 8.5 percent in
july.
对于下个星期到美国出席
20
国集团峰会的各国领导人来说,
失业率
继续上升真是个坏消息。总部设在巴黎的经合组织说,工业化国家
的失业率已经在今年
7
月份达到
8.5%
的最高水平。
oecd
unemployment division chief stephan scarpetta says
the
number of jobless among the oecds
30 member countries is
expected to
climb even higher next year, to nearly 10 percent.
that translates into 57 million people
out of work.
经合组
织就业分析和政策部主任斯蒂芬
.
斯卡皮塔
(stephan
scarpetta)
指出,经合组织
30
个成员国中的失业人数预计在明年将
进一步攀升,达到接近
10%
的水平。也就是说,工业化国家
总共会
有
5
千
7
百万人失去工作。
unfortunately, despite the most recent indicators
that suggest
the
[economic] recovery may be in sight somewhat
earlier than we
were
expecting only a few months ago, it
will take far [longer] for
the recovery
to materialize in terms of significant improvement
in the labor market, he
said.
“
不幸的是,尽管最近绝大多数指标都显示,经济复苏可能已经出现,
比我们几个月前
的预期有所提前,但是这次复苏可能需要更长的时
间才能转化成劳工市场的显著改善。<
/p>
”
the united
states, spain and ireland are among those
countries
with the fastest rising
unemployment. all three were affected
by the collapse of high housing prices.
the damage spread to
other sectors of
the economy.
美国、西班牙和爱尔兰是
oecd<
/p>
成
员中失业率上升最快的国家。这三个国家都受到高昂的房地产价
格
暴跌的影响。而且房地产市场崩溃所造成的破坏扩散到了经济的其
他领域。
scarpetta says young
people are among the hardest hit. in
spain, for example, more than one in
three young workers are
unemployed.
斯卡皮塔指出,年轻人受到的冲击最大。比如在西班牙,三分之一
以上的
年轻人找不到工作。
so as world
leaders discuss the financial and economic crisis
during their meeting in pittsburgh,
pennsylvania, scarpetta
says it is
important they also address the social dimensions
of
the crisis - like unemployment.
他说,当世界领袖们在宾夕法尼亚
州的匹兹堡开会讨论金融和经济危机的时
候,至关重要的是,他们
需要关注这次危机对社会的影响,尤其是失业问题。
the good news is that countries
have already acted quite
quickly and
decisively, i would say, he said. part of the
stimulus packages have been additional
resources for labor
markets and social
policies.“
好消息是:各国已经迅速和果断地采
取了
行动。他们经济刺激计划的一部分就是在劳工市场和社会政策
方面提供更多的资源。
p>
”
but efforts by
governments to extend and prolong
unemployment
benefits, and to offer more job counseling and
training have
not kept up with the
rising numbers of jobless. scarpetta says
that means countries will need to
target their resources more
selectively
and to ensure that the most vulnerable members of
the labor force benefit.
可问题是,各国政府虽然扩大和延长了失业补贴的发放,并且
提供
了更多的就业咨询和
培训,但是
这些措施并没有赶上失业人口的增加。斯卡皮塔表示,
各国因此而需要更有选择性地分配
资源,以确保劳工队伍中最为脆
弱的群体能够得到帮助。
中西方节日文化差异比较
a holiday of a nation represents a
glorious culture and
concentrated
customs of a nation.
传统的民族节日形成是一个民族的历史文化的长期积淀。节日的由
来原因与人
们的生活有密切的联系
,
它体现了人民丰富的情感世界
,
寄托了人民对生活的热爱。有这样一句名言
:
“
每个民族的每个节日
,
正是反映这
个民族文化最真实的一面
”
。可见
,
要了解一个民族的文
化底蕴
,
必须从他们的传统节日入手
,
才能了解到他们
的文化特色与民
族特点。
there is a great difference in culture between
china and
western countries, the truth
of which is self-evident, for
example,
language, education, festival, and so on. no one
can
deny it. therefore, i choose this
topic to study. “a holiday of a
nation
represents a glorious culture and concentrated
customs
of a nation.”there are many
festival in the world, but a lot of
people don’t know any festivals of
them, and in the sam
e
country, different festivals have
different meanings and even
the same
festival in different countries is celebrated in
their
own ways. through contrastive
analysis of chinese and
western
festivals, it is interesting to understand the
unique
charm and the cultural
implication of their holiday culture.
一、中西节日的起源与形成差异
中国长期以来处于封建自给自足的农业社会和自然经济中
, <
/p>
其传统节
日具有浓厚的农业色彩
,
包含了农耕文明的社会特征
,
主要是从岁时节
令转换而来的。我国古代长期以农为本
,
在生产力和农业技术不发达
的情况下
,
十分重视气候对农作物的影响。在春种、夏长、秋收、冬
藏的过程中认识了自然时序
的复杂规律
,
总结出四时、二十四节气
,
形成了以
节日为主的传统节日。勤劳的中国人民为了更好地生存
,
必
须大力发展农业
,
而农业的发展离不开天气的关照。古人云
“
春雨贵
p>
如油
”
、
“
清明忙种麦
,
谷雨种大田
”
。在古代
,
春节、清明节等都是重
要的农事节日。
西方文化由于长久受基督教的影响
,
其传统节日起源带有浓厚的宗教
色彩
,
如情人节
(
纪念名叫瓦丁的基督教殉
难者
)
、复活节
(
< br>基督教纪
念耶稣复活
)
、万圣节
(
纪念教会所有圣人
)
、圣诞节
(
基督教纪念耶稣
诞生
)
,这些节日的起源大多与宗教有关系。当然
,
西方节日中也有
和农业有关的节日
,
但他们以农业为主的节日的历史不如中国漫长。
二、中西节日庆祝方式差异
中国的传统节日
,
基本是封建社会时期形成的
,
不可避免地留下封建
社会的痕迹
: <
/p>
等级制、家族式
,
节日无不以家族内部活
动为中心。西方
的传统节日就不同了
,
更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢
性
,
以自我为中心
,
崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的
家族性恰好相反
,
体现了西方文化的群体性
< br>,
反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿
望
,
体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。这里试举两例说明。
( 1) first of all,
let’s have an analysis of spring festival in china
and christmas day in western
countries.
in china, people
regard spring festival as a very important
holiday, because in the spring, there
has been glorious
weather with hundreds
of flowers struggling colorfully.
everything is renewed and its beauty is
beyond description. for
several
millennia chinese people like celebrating the most
significant holiday
—
spring festival. its
original meaning is
from agriculture.
in ancient time, people instituted the paddy
growth cycle as the “years”. in the
booked titled“shou wen he
bu”, there is
a saying: “the year, the valley is
ripe.”afte
r the
victory of
1911 revolution in chinese modern times, the year
name has been fixedly gotten down. the
nanjing provisional
government
stipulated to use lunar calendar stin the folk.
and
in the factory and school, the jan
1 of new year’s day in lunar
calendar
is called spring festival.
there is a fable about spring festival. in ancient
time, there was
a man named wan nian,
who saw the jieling at that time was
very messy, so he decided to fix
jieling. but he didn’t find the
method
to compute time. one day, he was tired of chopping
wood on the mountain, and then was
seated under the shade.
the moving
shadow of trees inspired him, and he designed a
sundial device, which could test the
time of day by shade
of the
sun. and later, the spring drop inspired him. he
made a
five-story vessel to measure the
time. after a long time, he
found every
360 days on the cycle time and the length of day
repeats. at that time, the monarch
named zuyi who was often
distressed at
the weather changes in the mishap so soon,
knew that and ordered wan nian to take
the vessel to tell him
the truth of the
sun and moon’s running. hearing that, zuyi was
very happy, and hoped it could test
sun
–
moon law and the eve
of the morning acutely. thereafter the
people had been
benefited from this
creator calendar a lot.
after the winter, the spring comes.
after years’ of long
-term
and careful observation, accurate sun
calendar was made.
when wan nian
presented a solar calendar to the monarch, he
had totally been changed into an old
man. the monarch was
moved deeply by
wan nian’s deed. the monarch appointed wan
nian as the sun-moon god of longevity,
in order to
commemorate his
achievements. since then when people hung
shouxing map on spring festival, it was
reported to be honor of
the
distinguished wan nian.
in the west, the christmas, the western
countries’ most
solemn festival, is
similar to the spring festival in china. the
period from december 24 to the january
6 of baptism section in
the following
year can be referred to christmas
festival.
why is christmas
the most important festival in western
countries? that is because of the
commemoration of the birth
of jesus. in
bible the virgin mary, pregnant by the holy
spirit,
gave birth to jesus in the
manger because she didn’t find room
in
the hotel when returning home on the road.
therefore later
generation commemorated
the birth of jesus in december for
christmas. with the spread of
christianity, christmas has
become an
important festival among christians and even it is
necessarily the case of the
non
–
christians.
in many countries of europe, people
attach great importance
to this
festival, and its celebration is much grander, and
gradually christmas becomes a national
festival.
on the evening of
dec.31th, the people in the west flock into
the streets to have a grand carnival.
there are brilliant
fireworks in the
sky, drifting with melodious singing on the
land. particularly close to the late
zero 0’clock, tens of
thousands of
people gather in to pray sincerely and silently
for
the coming year’s
count
down. when the bell sounds 12,
suddenly, the beautiful music sound,
people are singing
happily and talking
cheerfully, playing all long night. like the
spring festival dinner in china,
westerners also lay emphasis
on
christmas family party and they will sit around
christmas
tree, eat the feast meal and
sing in christmas carol and pray for
happiness. turkey will be put on the
christmas dinner table.
after everyone
enjoys himself, they will jump to the “disco” or
“kangaroo dance.”
in the end, both spring festival and
christmas day have their
own
characters. on the eve of new year in china,
people will
hold the family reunion
without inviting the bystander, which
has almost become a common custom.
“spring festival has
dense national
culture and traditional atmosphere; it has the
glorious history and the unique
beauty.”in the west, christmas
day has
its own unique culture. on the christmas eve, when
the
bell sounds 12, santa claus who
brings the gift and the best
wish for
each person will arrive. at this night, people are
jumping with joy, running uestrainedly
to the avenue, hugging
one another,
whether they know each other. “the christmas
day has the air of the time and the
tidal sense of touch, so it is
more
close to the modern life.”
春节与新年。作为新一年的开始
,
中
西方有着极大差异的庆祝方式。
春节作为中国最重要的传统节日
,
源于秦朝
,
定于每年农历的一月
一
日
,
从农历
12
月
23
日开始
,
人民开始开展各种庆祝方式
,
一直持续到
元宵节。春节的习俗繁多
,
如大扫除、吃团圆饭拜年、放鞭炮
,
舞狮
子等。总之
,
不论是大街小巷
p>
,
都笼罩着一股浓浓的喜庆气氛。而西方
,
他们崇尚的是
过公历新年
,
即元旦。相比之下他们过年的方式就浪漫多了
,
在
12
月
31
日晚
,
各地区的人民涌上街道
,
进行盛大的狂欢
,
到了深夜接近零时
时
,
数十万人会聚集于一起
,
诚心地祈祷
,为新的一年的到来倒计时。
当大钟敲响
12
< br>下
,
顿时
,
优美的乐曲奏响
,
揭开了华丽舞会的序幕
,
人
们通宵达旦地庆祝。可见
,
春节与新年各有千秋
:
春节
,
充满浓厚的传
统气息和独有的魅力
;
新年
,
体现时代的气息和潮流的感觉
,
更贴近现
代生活。
( 2) secondly, let’s have
an analysis of zhongyuan festival in
china and halloween day in western
countries. july in the lunar
year is
the month for ghosts. in this month, the souls
will be
released from the hades, but
people will be organized to hold
activities to entertain them with their
hospitality for this rare
holidays.
particularly on jul.15th, zhongyuan festival,
every
family will prepare for rich
offerings to sacrifice these good
brothers who come from the nether
world.
zhongyuan festival
is also the yulan pot festival in buddhism,
which originates from the familiar
story “mulian saving her
mother”.
mulian is one of the buddha’s disciples. because
his
mother was greedy in nature, after
the death she was threw
into the samara
hungry ghost road, and was unable to come
back forever. in order to rescue his
mother, he made“the
thyulan pot
festival” on the lunar jul.15, worshiping buddha
and monks with five fruits, in the hope
of releasing the
ancestor from
suffering in the hades.
in
the west, this festival is called halloween day.
it begins from
oct.31th to nov. 7th,
and is the third important festivals next to
christmas day and thanksgiving day.
such is the origin of
halloween day.
the de ruyt who lived in great britain and
ireland believed that there were many
gods dominating their
lives. and on the
de ruyt’s new years eve, the de ruyt people let
youths gather in a team, wearing
strange masks, holding
carved turnip
carrot lights, wandering across the villages. it
was thought to be a harvest celebration
in the fall. according to
the legend,
the dead people will visit on the eve of
halloween. it
is said that people
should let the ghost see their satisfactory
harvest and present abundant
sacrifice to them. both the bonfires
and lights are not only to
scare away
the ghosts, but also to illuminate them back to
the
place where they come
from.
on this day, people
can disguise themselves freely and make
trouble to their heart’s content. on
many public occasions and
home
compound, people lay out different kinds of
decoration
in the windows and doors,
such as pumpkin lights, a
scarecrow and
even the skeleton. every family will hold a
dressing ball, and put on fruit and
other crops on the table.
comparing with these two holidays, i find that the
two festivals
are all to sacrifice
ghosts. however, there is a difference
between them. that is, zhongyuan
festival lasts a shorter time,
when
families gathering to commemorate the ancestors;
while
halloween lasts longer, people
can take part in procession
outdoors,
and enjoy beautiful and particular day, in harmony
with the nature in a maximum
way.
万圣节与中元节。万圣节作为西方的重要节日之一
,
颇受人民的重视。
那一天
,
每户门前都要挂上一盏南瓜灯
,
人人
都穿上奇装异服
,
据说有
辟邪之用。其
实
,
作为先进的发达国家
,
人们对于鬼怪已不再迷信
,
他
们多半是为了寻开心而已。同时
,
人们还举行
盛大的化装舞会。他们
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