西氏内科学中英文对照翻译(部分)

西氏内科学中英文对照翻译

(

部分

)

来源：医学全在线

更新：

2009-11-2

医学英语论坛

Part XXV - NEUROLOGY

第八分册——神经系统疾病

Section - Evaluation of the Patient

病人评估

Chapter 438 - APPROACH TO THE PATIENT

第

438

章——诊疗途径

< br>

Robert C. Griggs

The

symptoms

of

nervous

system

diseases

are

a

part

of

everyday

experience

for

most

normal

people.

Slips

of

the

tongue,

headaches,

backache

and

other

pains,

dizziness,

light-headedness,

numbness, muscle twitches, jerks, cramps, and tremors all occur in totally healthy persons. Mood

swings with feelings of elation and depression, paranoia, and displays of temper are equally a part

of the behavior of completely normal people. The rapid increase in information about neurologic

diseases

coupled

with

the

intense

interest

of

people

in

all

walks

of

life

in

medical

matters

has

focused public attention on both common and rare neurologic conditions.

神经系统症状是大多数正常人每天都能体验到的一些情况。像 口误

(slips of the tongue)

、

头痛、背痛和其他疼痛、头晕、肌肉抽搐或抽动、痉挛性震颤等，都是完全健康者也可能发

生的。情感波动时的喜气洋洋或郁郁寡欢、妄想、发怒等，也是完全正常者可能出现的。神

经系统疾病认识的迅速提高，

以及医疗活动与各界人士的密切关系，

使得常见和罕见情况都

能引起公众的关注。

Most

older

people

are

concerned

that

they

or

their

spouse

have

or

are

developing

Alzheimer's

disease

or

stroke

or

both.

The

almost

ubiquitous

tremor

of

the

elderly

prompts

concern

about

Parkinson's disease. Many younger patients are concerned about multiple sclerosis or brain tumor,

and

few

normal

people

lack

one

or

more

symptoms

suggesting

the

diagnosis

of

a

serious

neurologic disease. For most of these and other common diagnoses, imaging and other tests are

typically normal when symptoms first appear and should not be obtained to reassure the patient or

physician.

Moreover,

the

widespread

availability

of

neurodiagnostic

imaging

and

electrophysiologic, biochemical, and genetic testing has detected

and

most

elderly

persons.

In

evaluating

a

patient's

symptoms,

it

is

imperative

that

a

clinical

diagnosis

be

reached

without

reference

to

a

neurodiagnostic

laboratory

finding.

Patients

with

disorders such as headache, anxiety, or depression usually do not have abnormal laboratory studies.

Abnormalities

that

are

noted

on

various

neurodiagnostic

studies

are

often

incidental

findings

whose

treatment

may

be

justified

and

necessary

but

will

not

improve

the

patient's

symptoms.

Abnormalities detected incidentally that do not have signs or symptoms may, as for disorders such

as hypertension, require aggressive evaluation and treatment, but in general, the adage that it is

difficult

to improve the asymptomatic patient should be kept in mind. Thus, in elderly patients,

few

imaging

or

electrophysiologic

studies

are

interpreted

as

but

in

the

absence

of

specific

complaints

consistent

with

the

findings,

treatment

and

even

further

evaluation

should

reflect an estimate of the specificity and sensitivity of the test, as well as the likelihood that the

patient will require and benefit from treatment. It is a good rule-of-thumb that one should never

obtain (or refer to the result of) a neurodiagnostic procedure without a specific diagnosis or at least

a differential diagnosis in mind.

很多老人都在关心自己或其配偶是否已有或正在发生

Alzheim er

病

(

早老性痴呆

< br>)

和中

风；面老人几乎都有的震颤，则会带来